Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory disease associated with many extraarticular
features. The aim: of the current study is to assess the influence of omega-3 fatty acids
(EPA, DHA) on serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with active RA. A single blinded placebo
controlled clinical trial with 12 weeks follow up period at which 50 patients with active RA
using methotrexate were randomized into 2 groups to receive either omega-3 (1000 mg) capsule
three times daily or capsules prefilled with glucose as placebo and were evaluated at zero time
(baseline) and after 12 weeks for alkaline phosphatase level in serum. In addition to twenty five
healthy subjects as control group. The age of RA patients in omega-3 group ranged from 25-80
years (50.36±2.46), whereas the age of RA patients in placebo group ranged from 35-68 years
(50.08±1.84 ), while the age of apparently healthy subjects in control group where ranged from
40-60 years (94.20±1.12). The RA disease activity was measured using disease activity score of
28 joints(DAS28-ESR) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI). After 12 weeks of starting
adjuvant treatment with either omega-3 or placebo, the results showed that there were no
significant difference between the effect of omega- 3 and placebo on alkaline phosphatase level.
In Conclusion, omega-3 significantly decreased alkaline phosphatase level in patient with active
rheumatoid arthritis.

Infertility is the most gynecological problem which is increasing all over the world.
Many studies were done and many theories were tried to put the pathophysiology and
causes of infertility in order to find solutions to this problem. The aim of this study is:-
1. To study the distribution of the problem all over Tikrit governorate.
2. To study the relation between some hormones, biochemical parameters and infertility.
Patients and Methods: 600 infertile patients were enrolled .The study conducted at
obstetrics and gynecology out-patient of Tikrit Teaching Hospital. The primary
investigations of infertility were done to all women. Seventy two patients complained of
ovarian cause infertility were taken randomly as a group -1- and 18 normal fertile
women as a control group or group -2- to study FSH, LH, prolactin, insulin, leptin, TSH,
T3, T4, blood sugar, lipid profile, BMI ,Glutathione (internal anti-oxidant) and
Malondialdehyde ( oxidative stress product). Results: infertility increased in Iraq after
2003 war. The primary infertility is more than secondary infertility. Many factors
associated with it such as: age, BMI, blood groups, blood sugar, lipids profile and
hormones. Different relations between study’s hormones, Glutathione and
Malondialdehyde. Conclusion: The environmental factors can participates in infertility
since 2003 in Iraq. Different hormones such as FSH,LH,Prolactin,Insulin, TSH, T4, T3,
Leptin and others play a role in pathogenesis and different mechanisms of infertility.
These hormones and infertility at the end result would be affected by oxidative stress of
the body.

Background: Although metronidazole (MTZ) is widely used to treat trichomoniasis, the
prevalence of metronidazole-resistance and its unpleasant adverse effects are well
recognized. This drew the attention to the investigation of other lines of treatment, as that of
herbal medicine. Peganum harmala plant proved to have important medicinal role. Some
studies proved the antibacterial, antiprotozoal and antihelmintic properties of P. harmala
plant. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of crude alcoholic
extract of P. harmala on Trichomonas vaginalis growth in vitro and motility in comparison
to MTZ. Methodology: Alcoholic extract were prepared from seeds of P. harmala plant.
Different concentrations of P. harmala plant and MTZ were tested for their effect on the
growth and motility of T. vaginalis h i i i i i i
Results: Present results showed the percentage of total infection was 62% with 100%
sensitivity according to mode of di i i
medium. Infection ratio varied according to age groups, where highest percentage of
infection was 74% at 21-25 years old, followed 70% at 31-35 years old, while lowest
percentage was 47% at 15-20 years old. Present results showed infection ratio in nonpregnant
and pregnant women 62% and 0% respectively, as for the symptoms, the
percentage of vaginal secretion reach to 70%, while percentage of itchy feeling was least
(60%). Parasite numbers began with replication and increased during a period 24-48 hours
from growth then began to decrease during a period 72-96 hours, so that 72 hours from
growth considered logarithmic phase of T. vaginalis. Existing results evident to toxic effect
of P. harmala at concentrations (150, 250, 350 and 450) mg/ml on T. vaginalis by observing
gradual decrease of parasite numbers with concentrate increase of extract an inverse
relationship during growth periods (24, 48, 72 and 96) hours. Conclusions: P. harmala had
a statistically highly significant inhibitory effect on T. vaginalis as that of MTZ. This
suggests that P. harmala may be promising phytotherapeutic agent for trichomoniasis.

The emergence and spread of resistance to cephalosporin generations are threatening
to create species resistant to all currently available agents. Recently, we have seen the
development and spread of bacteria carrying metallo-betalactamase genes that are
resistant to cephalosporins (and all beta-lactams). This study was designed to
comparison the effects of first, second, third and fourth- generation-cephalosporin on
different bacterial species, which include: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae,
proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus
pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. 11 cephalpsporins antibiotics were used in
this study, which include: cefalexin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin,
cefaclor, ceftibuten, cefotexime, ceftazidime, cefpirome and cefepime. kirby bauer
method was used to detect the activity of these antibiotics in vitro. Results showed
that cefpirome and cefepime antibiotics belonging to 4th generation cephalosporin,
exhibit antibacterial spectrum effective, except Str. pneumonia and K. pneumonia.
Some cases, 1st generation cephalosporin exhibit more antibacterial spectrum effective
than other cephalosporin generation. In conclusion. This study indicated that
insignificant influence among four cephalosporins generation on different bacterial
species. Although, cephalosporins antibiotics have variant activity against different
bacterial species, but the resistant development among bacteria become the public
problem during the past 2 decades.

Missed abortion constitutes a significant problem in gynecology patient, as it
represents an unfortunate outcome of early pregnancy. Despites its frequency
however, there is still scope for improvement in patient care as it remains responsible
for considerable emotional and psychological trauma to the patients. Aim of The
Study:- This study is designed to evaluate for using misoprostol therapy in compare
to other medical therapy for Iraqi female. Patients and Method:- The current study
represent a prospective clinical trial that was done on patients with missed abortion.
The total number of cases that involving in the study were included 104 cases & 52 of
them use mifepristone in a standard regimen and 52 use misoprostol in standard
regimen, and those who failed to response from the two groups were selected to use a
combination of these two drugs. Of these drugs misoprostol alone regimen was shown
to be the most effective method for inducing complete abortion in 77.8% of the
patient using this drug alone within a shorter duration (<12 hours), and equal rate of
complication with other groups while mifepristone shows (55%) rate of complete
abortion while the rate for combination of drugs was (43.6%). Other factors such as
the gestational age of the patient, types of delivery, Parity and the patient age were
not show to be significantly correlated with the end results. Conclusion:- The current
study found a significant correlation between the duration from the last delivery and
the end result, that complete miscarriage occurs more in patient delivered since more
than 11 months

Hospital based study carried out on (40) patients from both sexes, aged (4-26) years,
underwent Tonsillectomy by dissection method during the period extend from (June
2012 to September 2012). The Patients were divided into two groups- Group A (18)
patients: include those with pre-incisional – infiltration of bupivicain with subsequent
(spray) post operatively on Tonsils bed at evening and next morning. Group B (22)
patients: include those patients with diclofenac intramuscular injection, half hour
before operation with subsequent doses at evening and next morning. (Result): no
difference in history of post- operative nausea and vomiting regarding the two groups.
The mean operative time for group (A) was (28.9) minutes, while the mean operative
time for group (B) was (29.5) minutes. Both groups showed no difference regarding
reactionary bleeding (bleeding occurs within 24 hours) or secondary bleeding
(Bleeding occurs after 6-8 days due to infection). Group (A) showed low score of pain
in immediate post-operative time but it was not significant, while group (B) showed
low score of pain in most of the cases at evening, it was significant. No difference in
both groups in the next morning both showed low score of pain. Conclusion:
intramuscular diclofenac is more potent as pain relief if compare with Bupivicain
infiltration. Aim of study: To identify the effect of infiltration of bupivicain for post
tonsillectomy pain-relief and in compare to intramuscular injection of diclofenac

The present work includes synthesis, characterization and investigation of a new
compounds of [1,3] oxazepines and [1,3] benzooxxazepine which were prepared from
pyrimidine -2- thione Schiff-bases (compounds 5-12) with maleic or phthalic
anhydride. The chemical structures of the synthesized oxazepine products
(compounds 13- 28) were confirmed on the bases of physical & spectroscopic FTIR,
NMR (1H & 13CMR) data.