Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The main source of the infectious agents of the nosocomial infections is the patients and healthcare workers themselves as well as the environment. It is possible to significantly reduce the nosocomial infections through effective infection prevention and control programs. This study aimed by focus light on the importance of following the standard protocols, assist healthcare workers to improve the quality of the care they deliver. Materials and methods: This study took tow surgical departments in the same hospital .The first department was neurosurgery department the second one was the open heart surgery department and compared between the two departments in term of bacterial contamination of the working personnel, the post operative patients and the environment. The bacteria were isolated and identified according to the standard methods. Antibiotic sensitivity testing carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The result: The bacterial contamination of ICU neurosurgery department air, bed heads\bed sheets, and floors were as follow; 47 %, 82 %, and 96.7 % respectively; compared to 0% of that of open heart surgery. The bacterial contamination of the OT of neurosurgery air, floors, beds and bed sheets were 83.3%, 95% and 75% respectively compared to 0% for that of open heart surgery. For the nurses in the ICU of neurosurgery all the samples came positive for bacterial culture. While in open heart department bacterial culture came negative for the nurses. About 23% of the patients in neurosurgery department developed postoperative infection compared to 1% of that of open heart surgery. The most common isolated bacteria were Coagulase –ve Staphylococcus. Conclusion: The significant low infection rate in the open heart surgery department compared to the neurosurgery department is a direct reflection to the good managing of the department that make full assurance of complete disinfection and complete compliance with standard precautions to prevent infection.

Viral hepatitis is a global health problem. In our country, any blood donor is investigated laboratory for hepatitis viruses before blood donation to other person, but the investigations usually include only HBV and HCV. So, this study is considered the first one concerning HGV in Tikrit City. This study was conducted to detect HGV among blood donors as a blood borne pathogen in addition to evaluate the frequency of HBV and HCV among blood donors in Tikrit City. The laboratory diagnosis of blood samples revealed that HBsAg was found in 1.74% of blood donors, anti-HCV antibodies in 0.73% and both HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies in 0.1% of blood donors. The current work revealed that anti-HGV antibodies were found in 27.2% of blood donors with anti-HCV antibodies and 3.84% of those with HBsAg. No one of blood donors with both HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies had anti-HGV antibodies. The presence of anti-HGV antibodies among blood donors indicates that these blood donors were previously exposed to HGV, so; it is necessary to enroll HGV for screening program of all blood donors.

In this research chemical compositions (calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphorus ions) of kidney stones using quantitative methods were determined. Forty three calculi [14 from female (32.6%) and 29 of male (67.4%)] were investigated using visible spectrophotometry at different wavelengths. The analytical quantitative methods used for determination the concentrations of these metals were accurate, reliable and sensitive with linear range of (5-65), (0.05-0.5), and (1.5-13.5) μg/ml and standard deviation 0.004596, 0.002390, and 0.000756 and low detection limit (L.O.D.) was 0.1120, 0.0177, and 0.1890 μg/ml while the (RSD) was 1.40%, 2.36%, and 5.04% respectively.The most found kidney stones were either rigid or soft with different shapes and colures. The stones were digested with three solutions [1N HNO3, 16.5N HNO3, and de-ionized water (D.I.W)], the highest concentrations of the Ca, Mg, and P were found at 16.5N HNO3
digest solution

Introduction: The development of antibiotic resistant organisms is related to inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially in developing countries where broad spectrum antibiotics can be purchased without prescription. Some of the common causes that contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance are unnecessary use of antimicrobial drugs, inappropriate dose, inadequate duration of therapy. The aim of the study: The present study aiming to focus light on the inappropriate use of meropenem a lone, as it is one of the preserved last choices of antibiotics and is under restricted regulations for description and dispensing by ministry of health in Iraq. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in Tertiary –care hospital. Hundred and thirty patients received meropenem had included in this study. The meropenem administration was followed up regarding dose, frequency, duration, indication. The bacteria were isolated and identified by standard conventional methods in addition to Api20E systems. Antibiotic sensitivity testing carried out by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The result: Collectively 54% of the patients included in this study recieved meropenem inappropriately. The antibiotics sensitivity test by the hospital was inadequate. The most common bacteria isolated from the study were gram negative bacteria (72.7%). E.coli was the most predominant isolated bacteria (32%). Conclusion: The abuse of antibiotics is very common especially because antibiotic sensitivity test is almost neglected in Iraq. Fundamental changes are required to solve this problem. For the future of the next generations let us start a new policy in prescribing and dispensing antibiotics in Iraq.

Arylamine compounds were reacted with chloro acetyl chloride to convert the amino group to amide (compounds -1, 4, 7) these later compounds allowed to reacts with arylamino to produce the new (compounds -3, 6, 9), and the above compounds allowed to react with potassium thiocynate to prepare the new compounds which containing thiazolidinone (five membered rings) the (compounds -2, 5, 8), the later compounds allowed to react with aryl aldehydes to prepare the (compounds -10, 11, 12). The prepared compounds were identified using melting point apparatus, Infrared spectroscopy, and (H1-NMR)

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of methyldopa (MD) using 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-Cl) as reagent in an alkaline medium (pH 12.3). Absorbance of the resulting brown-colored product is measured at 470 nm. Beer’s Law is obeyed in a concentration range of (1.6-17.6 μg/mL) with molar absorptivity (1.9337×104 L/mol.cm), correlation coefficient 0.9988, and the limit of detection (5.536×10-3 μg/mL). The method has been successfully applied to the determination of Methyldopa in pharmaceutical preparations.

This study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2013. Samples were taken from the lesions of patients attending Tikrit Teaching Hospital and diagnosed clinically by professional doctors in dermatological department in the hospital clinically identified as Leishmania sp. according to lesion characteristics form. Parasites Isolates were harvested at stationary phase of growth injected intradermaly of 40 BALB/c mice for each plant. There were significant differences (P<0.001) in numbers of parasite cells in most concentrations used for methanolic extract of Juniperus excelsa berries compared with the control group without agent, and the statistically analysis showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the numbers of parasite cells in all concentrations used for methanolic extract of Acacia nilotica compared with the control group without agent. Also there were significant decrease (P<0.01) in number of parasite cells in control group treated with Pentostam compared with control group without agent.

A simple, fast and sensitive electroanalytical method consist studying the square wave of SnCl2.2H2O at hanging mercury dropping electrode in aqueous solution for the indirect determination of (AMI) drug. SnCl2.2H2O has revealed a major reduction potential at (-0.450) Volt against the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl/Sat.KCl). The calibration curve in the Phosphate buffer as the supporting electrolyte at pH=2 was constracted. The range concentrations up to (0.99X10-5–9.91X10-5) M, the correlation coefficient (r= 0.9989) and then studied the decreased of peak current of the drug by the (HMDE) behavior in the presence of SnCl2.2H2O. Results were as follow: The calibration curves were (0.316 X10-6 -3.136 X10-6) M and thismethods was successfully applied to determination of AMI in apharmaceutical formulations.

This study aimed to determine the frequency of microorganisms isolated from blood samples of patients with septicemia admitted to pediatric protection teaching hospital in Baghdad city, the most frequently isolates were gram+ve cocci (Staphylococcus aureus 7 strian and S.epidermidis 11 strain), followed by, Klebsiella pneumoniae 9 strain, Escherichia coli 5 strain and Enterobacter 2strain. There was a significant difference between Staphylococcus aureus and S.epidermidis in Antibiotic sensitivity P value ≤ 0.05. S. aureus 7 strain were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin and sensitive to vancomycin, cloxacillin, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin While S.epidermidis 11 strain were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin and sensitive to erythromycin, vancomycin, cloxacillin, Ciprofloxacin.