Sumer University Journal for humanity science

The development of the scientific movement in Al-Aqsa Morocco
The scholars of Al-Aqsa Morocco were able to leave their mark in all fields of science, which contributed to the development of the scientific movement in Al-Aqsa Morocco, and several factors also helped in the development of that movement, perhaps the most prominent of which is the interest of the sultans of the Saadian state and the Alawite state in science and scholars, as well as a number of political, economic, social and cultural factors that helped the emergence of efforts Scientists in the development of the scientific movement and left clear traces of it.
The scientific life in Al-Maghrib Al-Aqsa was not the result of the same era, but rather was complementary to its predecessor in finding, and scholars have contributed to the enrichment of various sciences through hard work, especially in religious sciences and knowledge. about trekking.

In recent years, Iraq has begun to move towards finding a specialized court for commercial cases. A court of first instance was established to be competent to consider applications for bankruptcy and preventive composition under Section (2) of the dissolved Coalition Authority Order No. 78 of 2004, and a Financial Services Court was established under Section (12) of the Bank Law. The Central Judicial Council issued a number of statements to establish courts of first instance specialized in commercial cases in which one of the parties is a foreigner. Iraq.

This research adopts, in its first part, the mixing idea between two disciplines “language and literature “; then marks the shift in the pragmatic vision or the pragmatic theory, so to speak, from the linguistic research into the critical method as an analytical practice of the literary text of both poetic and prose types.
I began to review the concept of pragmatics, its formation, its nature in short and then to search for the categories of the pragmatic foundation that discusses the validity of studying literature according to its text and method, especially the argument of “John Searle’s ((Mental Possibility))) and ((Argument of Approaching Literature Pragmatically for Elfie Pollan)), and others.
Later on, readings of some pragmatic critical attempts in Arabic linguistic research had been done, to announce and agree on the validity of this type , and Interdependence as a critical approach.

The son's lamentation between Abi Dhu'ib Al-Hudhali and Ibn Al-Roumi, a balanced study in the semiotics of passions:
This study sought to read two ancient texts (Aniyya Abu Dhu’ib al-Hudhali in the Elegy of his Sons, and Dalia Ibn al-Roumi in the Elegy of his Son) in the light of the methodology of the semiotics of emotions and whims, which is a modern methodology that belongs to the semiotic study. Its theory was suggested by Grimas and Fontani. The study attempted to balance the two poems And looking at which of them is more emotional than the other, and the researcher took his view that the theory adopted here is derived from Western literature, so the space for procedural work is narrow, in proportion to the specificity of Arabic language and literature, and in light of that, the study effort was distributed on three axes, which are: the lexical manifestation of passions Emotional schema, stress schema.

It is an attempt to read the artistic and ideological in the novel "City of Pictures" by the storyteller Louay Hamza Abbas. The study consisted of an introduction and two chapters. In the introduction, we talked about the gender of the work in our hands, and whether it is a novel or a collection of short stories, because we believe that defining the genre will be necessary before proceeding with its analysis. In the first topic, we have dealt with the artistic structure of the novel, which is a construction that takes place according to the method of One Thousand and One Nights in moving from one story to another, and there is no novel without Shahriar and Scheherazade, and permissible words in which the author will combine the aesthetic and the ideological, and will work to pass the ideology through the aesthetic, but this passing sometimes works to distort the aesthetic itself, especially if it is a group of slanders from beings filled with grudges in their hearts, and because the atmosphere is still foggy in Iraq, and because chaos strikes everywhere, you see that Creators, including Louay Hamza Abbas, oscillate between a statement and an insinuation, and it is assumed that each of them has its context, but the contexts are sometimes lost on the creator, so chaos moves from reality to the text, and this is what we are trying to uncover.

Mrs. Fatima Al-Zahraa is a great and unique Islamic personality who was praised by the Holy Lawgiver in his glorious book, so the verses of praise and praise were read to the ears of Muslims until the Day of Judgment. She is the daughter of the greatest Messenger, the wife of the master of the guardians, and the mother of Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein, the masters of the youth of Paradise. It caused a violent shock among Muslims , as she was the first woman to lead a peaceful women's
demonstration to demand her usurped rights by the ruler according to the Islamic rational structure, until she became an inspiration for every honorable freedom and every rebel in the face of injustice and oppressors.
The research deals with the Quranic shrines of Mrs. Zahraa (PBUH), which were stipulated by the Holy Lawgiver in his glorious book, and proven by the authentic narrative heritage in the books of Muslims in general, in a way that supports the meanings presented with compatibility with the linguistic meaning of the Quranic vocabulary after referring to the language books and the honorable hadith of Muslims in general and of all their sects and sects. Likewise, what is governed by the mind in the texts in a way that supports the meanings presented, that the stations that I mentioned are divided into two requirements: formative and legislative, so it was: The first requirement: the formative position, so formation is divinely made for humans to have no choice in it, as it is a purely divine choice, and the research indicated two types of Formative positions: the first: the position of selection and authoritativeness, the second: the position of infallibility and purity by referring to the noble Quranic verses and analyzing them in a detailed, accurate scientific analysis without repetition, lest boredom seep into the honorable reader.
The second requirement: the legislative position, which is the belief that its owner has the ability to know the facts of things, and to know the will of God Almighty, and thus to know the legal rulings related to those who are responsible. and it is not independent of the will of God Almighty Almighty, and in the clearest terms clarifying the way for mankind, and the matter remains in the hands of man, and this station belongs to the assigned servant, so he must obey, otherwise he departs from obedience and is serious about the truth. The abode of the righteous, the abode of goodness and blessing, and praise be to God, Lord of the world.

It is not possible and it is not possible to achieve what the Iraqi constitutional legislator wanted in terms of legitimate goals and objectives when he assigned the oversight role to the members of the House of Representatives without the presence and availability of complete, effective and effective data and tools. As the parliamentary oversight work requires a lot of preparations and supplements, which depends on whether or not the enforcement of this work depends on it. And since the real reality of the Iraqi constitutional regulator and the laws complementing it, we find that they all suffer from the presence of obstacles and obstructions that limit the effectiveness of the oversight role of the legislative institution. Their most important role, which represents a fundamental pillar in the oversight work, and in this, without the slightest doubt, is excessive failure to achieve the public interest and diligence in achieving the interest of the ruling parties.

The aim of the research is to know the extent to which the book of Biology for the fifth scientific grade includes the skills of representative inference, and the research community is determined by the book of Biology for the fifth grade of science, ninth edition 2022-2023, and the descriptive analytical approach was adopted, and the researchers prepared the research tool for the skills of representative inference, and its validity and stability were confirmed, and the tool consisted of three dimensions Its main are (retrieving the source of representation, defining relationships, reaching a conclusion) and (14) sub-skills. The results showed that the skill of planning and defining relationships ranked (240) iterations, with a rate of (34.73%) ranked first, and the skill of information retrieval achieved (238) iterations, with a rate of (34.44). %) ranked second, and the deduction skill achieved (213) repetitions, with a rate of (30.82%). In the current era by the authors of the curriculum.

The aim of the current research is to identify "the extent to which middle school students possess systemic thinking skills in the subject of the English language." The research was limited to sixth grade students - the biological branch for the academic year 2022-2023. The current research community may consist of (975) male and female students, and the researcher chose a sample Consisting of (200) male and female students, the researcher used the descriptive approach, and in order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared the systemic thinking skills test consisting of (17) systems with (56) blank spaces. The researcher applied the test on (11/2/2023) for girls and (9/ 2/ 2023) for boys on the research sample, using appropriate statistical methods, and the validity and discriminatory power of the paragraphs and stability of the test were verified, and after completing the application of the test on students, the results showed that the level of systemic thinking among students is low and there are no statistical differences between the sexes (males - females) .

Egypt's geographical location overlooked the crossroads of East and West, in addition to its enjoyment of an important position in the region due to its possession of a long coast on the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, so it became the focus of attention of Western countries, led by France, whose political influence in Europe increased after the revolution of 1789, and perhaps the factor that pushed it To interfere in the affairs of Egypt and occupy it, which we can consider as a factor that tempted France to turn towards the east, especially since France was living in a stage of military conflict with Britain, which urged European monarchies to overthrow the French Revolution and save the king. That conflict reached its peak after the execution of the king and the proclamation of the republic. in France.
Although France had defeated its enemies in Europe, Britain remained with arms brandishing its face, relying on its geographical location that made it isolated from the wars of the continent, as well as the strength of its naval force, which France has no equal to, so the latter thought of fighting Britain in its colonies, which It is the
source of its wealth and prestige, so it occupied Egypt in 1798, from which it set out to the East, specifically India, which is considered the "pearl of the British crown." Although this project failed politically and militarily, it left serious effects on the life of Egypt and the East. Napoleon's campaign was considered one of the main factors for the renaissance of the East, because of the civilizational achievements that the region had not known yet, and the manifestations of Orientalism were manifested in it through the repercussions left by that campaign on Egypt, so we found it more appropriate to study these aspects through the methods and methods that Napoleon followed. During his campaign, in which the orientalist motives of the French during that campaign were evident.