Journal of University of Babylon

The study focuses on the relationship of cultural globalization with social values from the perspective of university professors, with an indication of the type of relationship according to the objectives that the research seeks. The main questions of the research are: Does cultural globalization play a role in changing social values? What are the effects of the role of cultural globalization on social values? Is the role of cultural globalization in relation to social values positive or negative? Therefore, the research problem is to answer the above questions and try to answer them through the field research methods. As for the research objectives, the two researchers identified four goals and try to discuss them through the field steps of the research. The first goal seeks to know the cultural openness and its role in cultural isolation in the Kurdish society. The second goal is related to identifying the extent to which community members adhere to social traditions despite the pressures of cultural globalization, and the third objective tries to identify the inverse relationship between the development of foreign culture influences and family disintegration, the fourth and final objective seeks to identify the adoption of social media to participate in social events due to the weakness of relations between individuals It is worth noting that the research is a descriptive research and the social survey method was used. An intended sample was taken from 100 professors from the University of Sulaimani of both genders. For the research tools, the two researchers built a five-point Likert scale. The statistical program SPSS was also relied upon to use statistical methods: the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and test goals. The results showed the negative impact of cultural openness on cultural isolation in our society, in addition to the presence of significant differences on the presence of strong adherence to social traditions despite the pressures of cultural globalization among members of society. Furthermore, the presence of significant differences related to the inverse relationship between the development of the influences of foreign culture and family disintegration, and the last objective of the study proved that relying on social media to participate in social events led to weak relations between individuals.

The temporal structure of the novel is subject to the course of events usually in a sequential chronological order, but overlaps may occur in the order of time, which critics called (the temporal paradox). And it means departing from the natural order of time, whether by the return of events, or an attempt to extrapolate the plan of the future, backwards, and this displacement is connected to the site of the narration from it, and thus it rises by breaking the linearity of time. Gérard Genet has referred to this term as (the various forms of dissonance between the order of the story and the order of the tale...). This term has undergone a change and change in terms of the concept, and it is in a state of continuous development, and the author of the paradox needs an effort and creative power to build a paradoxical temporal architecture within the novel, (The Ladies of Saturn) novel rich in paradoxes that contributed to highlighting the poetic aesthetic features of the novel, as the employment of this technique led To the harmony of the novel and the expansion of the temporal space and encourage the recipient to read the text, as these temporal paradoxes greatly contributed to the dissolution of the novel knots, and the temporal paradox is formed in two ways: the first: retrieval, and the other: anticipation.
The research came in two sections, the first: retrieval, which was divided into two axes: external retrieval and internal retrieval, while the second section was devoted to the technique of anticipation, which was divided into two axes: external anticipation and internal anticipation, and then we presented the most important findings of the research, and used the method analytical in it.

Theater is an aesthetic fountain and an intellectual incubator that inspires culture and exports it to elevate societies because of the sciences, values and creativity it possesses that contribute to removing ambiguity, gouache and misleading the recipient with aesthetic broadcasts adopted by the performer in international, Arab and Iraqi theater performances.
The first chapter of the research included a problem centered on the following question: (What is the semiology of vocal ambiguity in the performance of the contemporary Iraqi theatrical actor). From words and dialogues in the theatrical performance, the goal was determined by focusing on identifying (the semiology of phonetic ambiguity in the performance of the contemporary Iraqi theater actor), with defining the limits (temporal: 2012-2021) and (spatial: Iraq / Baghdad) and the limits (subject: a study of semiology Vocal ambiguity in the performance of the contemporary Iraqi theater actor) as well as the procedural definitions of the concepts mentioned in the research title.
The theoretical framework consisted of two sections, the first: the semiology of phonetic ambiguity, the concept and the term, and it came with three axes: ambiguity in contemporary aesthetic thought and ambiguity, reading the psychology and characteristics of the mysterious personality. As for the second topic: it dealt with the semiology of vocal ambiguity in the performance of the theatrical actor in the global theater (modernity) and (post-modernism) and the Arab theater. The theoretical framework indicators were identified, and the researcher did not find a previous study related to the title of the current research. The third chapter included the research procedures, and the research community, which consisted of (ten) was identified.
Theatrical performances, and the research sample was extracted from it according to the intentional method. It was represented by a play exhibition (Smell of War), in which the researcher relied on the descriptive (analytical) approach in analyzing the sample according to the nature of the current research. In the fourth chapter, the results and conclusions were nominated, and finally the list of sources was determined.

The updated physics curricula for the secondary stage in Iraq imposed more challenges and training needs for physics teachers, as physics teachers must have teaching skills to be an organizer and guide for students. Therefore, the current research aimed to determine the necessary training needs for physics teachers from the viewpoint of the specialized supervisors in the light of the requirements of the updated series of physics curricula for the secondary stage, the researcher used the descriptive approach. The research community consisted of all specialized supervisors in the General Directorates of Education (Babylon, Diwaniyah, Najaf, Karbala) for the academic year (2020-2021), the research sample consisted of (41) male and female supervisors of physics, and the sample was taken in a comprehensive counting manner, the researcher prepared the research tool (questionnaire), and the questionnaire consisted of (36) items distributed on (4) axes, the first axis is planning for a physics lesson. The second axis is teaching strategies and methods, the third axis is the classroom activities.The validity and reliability of the research tool has been confirmed, and after obtaining and processing the data using the SPSS statistical package, the results of the research indicated that there are training needs in all four axes as a whole and to a large extent. The researcher attributes this result to the fact that physics teachers lack for training in many skills, including good planning for a physics lesson, and most physics teachers lack for good training on modern teaching strategies and methods, their commitment to traditional methods, and their lack of interest in organizing class activities that raise student motivation and are commensurate with the requirements of updated physics curricula in the secondary stages, one of the most important recommendations of the research is the need to activate and develop effective training programs that meet the actual needs of physics teachers and commensurate with the requirements and objectives of the updated physics curricula for the secondary stage.

The legislative authority is the closest authority to the people, as it is based on the representation of its members to the will of the people, and through its MBs this authority performs its duties. If the public service employee is the pillar of the executive authority and the judge is the pillar of the judiciary authority, then the MB is the pillar of the legislative authority. According to the MBs’ performance of their duties, the extent of the effectiveness of the legislative authority is measured.
The constitutions have granted a number of rights and privileges to the MB so that he can perform his duties in the parliament. Once in the privilege of parliamentary immunity, and the legal framework it grants that allows the MB to perform his work completely freely without intrusion from other parties. And again in granting him the parliamentary reward, in order to enable him to cover his expenses and keep him away from other sources of material influence.
The representative belongs to the legislative authority, so he participates in the exercise of the competences of this authority and his participation in the exercise of these competencies is entrusted to the position of the constitution and what allows the representative to exercise certain competencies, whether individually or collectively, as these competencies may be individual. The MB handles it alone. While another constitution requires a number of deputies to practice it. Perhaps one of the most important functions of the legislative authority is the legislative and oversight competence, and in these two specializations the role of the representative stands out greatly.

In his constant search for contemporary texts that address issues of reality, the theatrical director seeks to choose texts that give him the ability to imagine and create a scene that excites the spectators and attracts them to the theatrical show by finding a scenographic space formed by the scenography artist, who is responsible for translating the directory vision through visual effect and image formation for the show.
This is applied to the texts of the Iraqi playwright Ali Abdulnabi Al-Zaidi, because it leaves for the director and the scenographer a wide scope and complete freedom to present a visual show in which the dramatic formations are balanced with the scenographic formations.
One of the most important features of Al-Zaidi’s texts is that they have high vitality and contain performance formations that attract both directors and Scenographers.
Therefore, the research is in four chapters. The first one includes the research problem, its importance and need and the research goal which is summarized in the following question:
What is the mechanism by which the Scenographers have worked to present the space of the theatrical show for Ali Abdulnabi Al-Zaidi\'s theatrical texts? It also includes the research limits and terms definition.
The second chapter contains two topics. The first one is the concept of the theatrical space (Scenography) and the second one is the scenography in Arab theatre. They followed by the indications of theoretical framework.
The third chapter tackles the procedures and analysis of sample which is the play (Fabulous Reality) directed by Jawad Al-Asadi (2012(.
The fourth chapter includes results, conclusions and references.

The research includes four chapters, the first chapter includes the methodological framework of the research and the research problem centered on the following question: How did the playwright and the magical director invest opposing dualities in directing the Iraqi theatrical discourse at the level of both text and theatrical performance?
The aim of the research is to identify (the juxtaposition of opposing binaries in the Iraqi theatrical discourse, while the limits of the research were limited to Iraqi theatrical texts, including (pawn play) and theatrical (black and white film) spatially Iraq - Baghdad for the time period (2005-2015 AD) and the chapter was concluded with the definition of terms and procedural definition Contrasting dualism is an attempt to perceive two different concepts that are opposite in meaning to give connotations that arouse focus and interest in the recipient.
As for the second chapter, the theoretical framework and previous studies, it included three sections about me. The first topic deals with the study of opposing binaries in philosophical discourse, and the second topic deals with the study of opposing binaries in the world theatrical text. The third topic deals with the study of opposing binaries in the world theatrical performance.
The chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework and previous studies.
As for the third chapter, it included the research procedures, which is the research community and the research sample that the researcher deliberately chose to match the topic, problem and objectives of the research.
The fourth chapter contains the results, including:
1. The juxtaposition of opposing diodes in the theatrical scene across the screen.
2. Bi-color juxtaposition in the outfit.
3. The juxtaposition of opposing duets in the show\'s music.
4. The juxtaposition of opposing binaries in the culture of the body through (dance - singing / pain – crying)
Then the chapter included conclusions, recommendations and suggestions, then a list of sources and references.

The current era is witnessing a rapid development in various fields of life, including the field of scientific and educational research, and this development has led to a massive information revolution that has led to changes in the various fields of life
The study aims to evaluate the social studies textbook for the first intermediate grade in the light of the standards of the American National Council for Social Studies (NCSS).
In order to achieve the aim of the research, the researcher put the two questions, the first of which is: What are the evaluation estimates for the social studies textbook for the first intermediate grade according to the standards of the American National Council for Social Studies? And the second: What is the extent to which the standards of the American National Council for Social Studies are available in the sociology textbook for the first intermediate grade ?
The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach, and the study sample consisted of a group of male and female social studies teachers for the first intermediate grade, whose number reached (130). 10) main areas distributed over (40) sub-criteria, and after verifying their validity and reliability, the social book for the first intermediate grade was evaluated, and the research results resulted in
Some fields obtained advanced ranks, such as the field (Communication and Global Relationships) ranked first with a weighted average of (9.415), and other fields got low ranks such as the field (Society, Science and Technology) with a weighted average of (7.861). Standards, and the researcher recommended the need to adopt the standards of the American National Council for Social Studies (NCSS) prepared by the researcher during the process of authoring social studies books.

Women played a major role in the literary production of the great writer Najib al-Kilani, as he expressed in many of his novels the image of women who suffer from many social problems through his novels, and he expressed many social problems that women experienced, as she was struggling and struggling to get their rights, searching for their freedoms, and striving for their own realization. This study aims to shed light on the image of a woman seeking freedom and self-realization through the novels \"The Immortal Call\" and \"Ramadan Habibi\".

The current research consists of four chapters. The first chapter of the research includes a definition of the research problem, which was determined by answering the following question: What are the representations of consumerism in the products of British pop art? And the importance of research and the need for it. As for the goal of the research, it was determined as follows: - Revealing representations of consumerism in the productions of British pop art. As for the spatial limits of research: Britain, and temporal: 1950-1980 AD, the researcher identified the most important terms contained in the research, As for the second chapter, it included two topics: the first topic: consumerism in the Western world after World War II, the second topic: the emergence and development of pop art in Britain, as well as the indicators that the theoretical framework concluded, As for the third chapter, it contained the research procedures and included the research community, sample selection, research tool, research methodology, and analysis of the sample of (5) as a model. As for the fourth chapter, it contained the most important results and conclusions, and among the most important results were: The products of British pop art presented optimistic perceptions of modern industries and the luxury of homes Conclusions, the most important of which are: The pioneering works of the British artist Richard Hamilton are the stylistic bridge between Duchamp and Warhol, and he is credited with inventing pop art and its impact on the contemporary art scene. The fourth chapter also included recommendations and proposals, then established the research sources and the research summary in English.