Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences

A field experiment is conducted in west area of Heseipa, AlQaem, Anbar province in winter season of 2009. The objective of the experiment is to know the effect of planting methods (ridges, and lines), and planting data (15 Oct, 1st Nov., and 15 Nov.) on some growth characters and yield components for chickpea crop ( local variety) under field conditions . R. C. B. D. design are used with three replications. The results have shown that the ridges planting methods show a significant values in growth characters compared with the number of pod/plant (18.07 pods), and grain yield (0.909 ton.ha-1) while the line planting method has given a number of pods /plant (16.52 pods) and grain yield (0.766 ton.ha-1) planting data (1st Nov.) has given a significant result in plant height, the number of branch/plant, the number of pods/plant, the number of grain/pod compared with the control .This treatment has given the highest yield (1.095 ton. ha-1), while the 15 Nov. data has gaven a highest weight of 100 grain .There is no significant difference between the two factors in the number of grain/pod and weight of 100 grain . The interaction treatment between planting methods and planting date have given significant results in growth characters and grain yield . The 1st Nov. date and ridges treatment given the highest number of pods/plant , number of grain/pod and grain yield , while the interaction of ( 15 Oct. ,and 15 Nov. ) planting dates with line method gave low means in weight of 100 grains and other characters respectively.

An in vitro experiment is conducted to study the effect of adding urea (0, 1.5 and 3% on dry matter, DM basis) and period of ensiling (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) on the quality and chemical composition of wheat straw (WS) silages. All samples are treated with 10% of molasses. Results have shown that the addition of urea at the lower rate alters the color of silages from yellow to greenish yellow with the appearance of fermented fruit odor in samples ensiled for 60 days, but doubling urea level alters the color to dark yellow and brown as the ensiling period is proceeded with the appearance of ammonia odor. The estimated Fleig points decline due to increasing the level of urea, but the proceeding of ensiling period increases these points. pH of silages are increased (P<0.01) due to urea treatment but it decreases (P<0.01) due to proceeding of ensiling period. Regarding the compositional changes, results have shown that the addition of urea decreases (P<0.01) crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents, but it increases (P<0.01) crude protein (CP) content. Proceeding ensiling period decreases (P<0.01) CF and increases CP (P<0.05) and NFE (P<0.01). Generally , better results are accomplished at the lower level of urea and 60 days of ensiling.

The experiment is conducted during Winter season 2009-2010 in the Research Station of College of Agriculture Al-Muthana University. Cadmium as a heavy metals is applied at the rates ( 0 , 3 , and 6 mg/kg soil ) as CdCl2 , while organic matter ( O M ) mixture are have been added at mixing rate of ( sand , 1sand : 1 ) O M ) and 1 sand : 2 ( O M ) as cow dung ) . The experiment is laid out in CRD with 3 replicates in 27 pots . Data have been collected on plant height ,stem diameter ,shoot wt , shoot DM , root length and root shoot ratio .The addition of Cd has a significant deleterious effect on all the properties except root/shoot ratio , while the O M has a significant effect on plant height and Root length only . There is a significant interaction between some properties

The present study aimes to examining the effect of the ethanolic extract of Melilotus officinalis flowers on bleeding time ,WBC and RBC count .Total number in males and females adult rabbit eighteen, (9 males and 9females ) are randomly divided into three equal groups (3 males and 3females per group). The first (control) is drenched normal saline while the second and third groups are drenched the ethanolic extracted (20 and 50mg/ml/kg of B.W) for 24 hours. The results reveal significant increase in bleeding time in third group followed by the second group compared with the control while RBC and WBC count record no significant differences .On the other hand the gender had no significant effect on the studied parameters.

This study is conducted at the greenhouse of the experimental research station , College of Agriculture University of AL-Muthana . The experiment includes a foliar sprays to Okra plants with fifteen treatments , i-e . F1 control . F2 liquorice roots extract at 3.5 gm L 1-F3 Prosolat 1.5 gmL ، 1-F4 Terrasorb .at 2mlL ، 1-F5 Garlic extract at 2.5 gmL 1- and the interaction between them . Theexperiment also includes the foliar spray with zinc at 0 , 3.5 , and 4.5 gmL ) 1- Zn1 , Zn2 , Zn3 ) ZnSO7 . 4H2O was used as source of zinc element. The foliar sprays with the foliar feeding is done three times with in 30 ، days between each of them while the foliar sprays with zinc is done thrice , 15 days between each of them . RCBD was adopted with three replicates using LSD at 0.05 to compare between the treatments . The experimental results have shown that the highest vegetative growth values is found when the plants is sprayed with liquorice root extract which also significantly is superior that the other treatments in plant height , fresh and dry weight of leaves per plant , fresh and dry weight of roots , fresh and dry weight of shoots , the number of branches and leaves ( 41.81 cm , 20.4 gmplant ، 1- 3.81gmplant 14.09 ، 1- gmplant 3,94 ، 1- gmplant 67.32 ، 1- gmplant ، 1- 13.15gmplant 10.4 ، 1-branch plant ، 1- and 30.36 leaves plant 1- respectively , while no significant differences between F2 and F5 in the length of roots . -1 Zn significantly increase the parameters studied in their experiment over the others treatments

This study is conducted in the laboratory of State board for seed testing and certification (S.B.S.T.C) – Branch of Al – Diwaniyah ,to determine the effect allelopathic of aqueous extracts of leaves eucalyptus tree (Eucalyptus ssp) (0 , 1% , 2% and 4% g/100 ml) in seed germination & growth of seedling three genotype from crop medical Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) (White , Planned and Red). The results showed to the existence of significant differences for all traits, including the rate & speed of germination , length & dry weight of the assembled root and shoot between the stress allelopathic compared to the control treatment in addition to the differences of the genotypes and interaction with allelopathic treatments.

This research is conducted in a private field at Abu – Gharak , Babylon Province , during two seasons ( 2009 & 2010 ), to study the effect of two planting methods and kind of fertilizer on the yield , essential oil quantity in Marjoram and Thyme plants . Two field experiments are conduct by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three factors in are replicates , factor (A) represent planting method , (B) Nitrogen fertilizer , and (C) Iron fertilizer . The experimental units represented by (one plot & four furrows ) . The Volatile oil extracted from theleaves and the flowers tops by hydro distillation method using Clevenger apparatus , the volatile oil samples from the two plants were analyzed by (GLC). The results obtain indicated that , there are significant effect for the fertilization with Nitrogen and Iron on the growth , volatile oil quantity and percentage of some oil components of Marjoram plants during the two seasons . Also foliar application with Nitrogen & Iron elements produced high quantities of dry matter and volatile oil in Marjoram plants that grown in furrows during the two seasons , in addition , that foliar application with nitrogen raised Sabenene & Terpenene percentages in the Marjoram oil . The results during (2009 ) show that foliar application of nitrogen on Thyme plants grown in plots with soil application with Iron produced high quantity of dry matter and high volatile oil content comparing with the control . In (2010) the results indicate that foliar application with nitrogen and iron to Thyme plants that planted on furrows significantly affected the dry matter . In addition , that high quantity of volatile oil produced in thymus plants due to the foliar application with nitrogen and iron , also this application raised the two aromatic compounds ( Thymol & Carvacrol ) percentages in Thyme oil

Ten soils are chosen from different geographic sites from Iraq :Abu Ghraib(Three soils) ,Al-Jadriya ,Dyala (Tow soils) , AL-Sulaimaniya,Al-Kut ,Al-Nasriya , Al-Dewniya they differ in their chemical and physical properties , to determine Kinetic values (activation energy and temperature coefficient ) of amidase enzyme in soils . The ten soils are incubated at 10-60 C° of incubation temperatures ,and amidase activity is determined at each degree to calculate kinetic values temperature coefficient (Q10) and activation energy (Ea) in soils .Results have shown that the increasing of temperature cause increasing hydrolysis of formamide (Amidase activity ) ,and the results have shown Q10 values of soils are between 1.83-2.37 ,where as Ea values are between 59.17- 86.61 K Jol.mol-1 .

Microbial isolates are isolated from 25 agricultural soil samples contaminated by herbicide. Their ability of degradation atrazin and 2,4-D herbicides are examined . Two isolates are chosen according to ability for degradation , then isolated and identified by using numbers of culture media and biochemical tests Results have indicated that the bacteria are Escherichia coli (B6) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B13) , which have been incubated with a number of herbicides concentrations (5.0 -17.5) mg L-1 from atrazin and (5.0 -20.0) mg L-1 from 2,4-D. Results have shown the degradation increases with increasing the concentrations (65 ، 60)% for isolate B6 , B13 respectively with 12.5 mg L-1 of atrazin and (73، 61)% of 2,4-D with 15.0 mgL-1 of atrazin and (73،61) % of 2,4-D with 15.0 mgL-1 after five days incubation.Chemical mutagen (Nitrosoguanidine) 500 μg mL-1 used to mutant bacteria cell with time (0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 and 2.0) hr. one hour is enough to do that , there fore rasio degradation increases (93 , 89) % Atrazin of (B13C6 , B6C3) respectively in 12.5 mgL-1 and (97 , 93) % , 2,4-D in 15.0 mgL-1 . Achridin orange and sodium Dodecyl sulphate (SDS) are used to curined bacteria plasmids by 2500 μg mL-1 from (SDS) and 200 μg mL-1 from (Achridin orange). The results show (B13C6 , B6C3) became curing cells.

Fish farming is seen as an attractive option for enhancing fish production. Knowledge of fish farmers about scientific fish farming practices and management plays a very important role for increasing the yield of fish. The study is conducted in Babylon province. It has found that majority of the fish farmers (55.5%) have possessed low to medium level of knowledge regarding scientific fish farming practices. The highest extent of knowledge is observed in the field of harvest, marketing .There is a significant correlation between the knowledge of respondents, and their level of education, experience in fish farming.