journal of kufa studies center

The planning of cities in the era of early Islam is a civilized and Arab and Islamic manifestation and Iraq was the first country to have this civilized appearance in the Arab-Islamic history and the land of blackness of Iraq had planned the cities of Basra and Kufa in the years 14, and 17 AH in the Rashidun era and planned the city of Wasit in 83 AH in the Umayyad era and planned the cities of Baghdad and Najaf in 145, 170 AH in the Abbasid era and the layouts of Iraqi cities meet in many characteristics.

Najaf was the first Iraqi city that was able to get rid of Ottoman control permanently in 1915 AD and when Iraq was subjected to British occupation Najaf witnessed the first anti-British occupation organization, namely the Islamic Renaissance Association, which aimed to rid Iraq of the clutches of British control, so the people of Najaf carried out the first Iraqi uprising against the British occupation in 1918, during which they killed the political governor of Najaf, Captain Marshall, so the British forces used all means of oppression and terrorism to eliminate the uprising.

The First World War left a negative impact on the British economy, as civilian industrial production shrank by 20% from what it was before the war, and the value of imports rose from 696 million pounds in 1914 to 1316 million pounds in 1918, and American loans to the British government increased to 850 million pounds in 1918. The brunt of these disasters caused by the war fell on the shoulders of the poor classes of the British people, especially the wave of extreme wealth, low wages and the spread of unemployment among workers, especially after the dismissal of thousands of soldiers from military service, and these phenomena and economic negatives led to the spread of the movement of strikes and demonstrations and the movement of belonging to unions and international and socialist parties expanded until the number of members of the Labour Party rose to 3.31 million until 1922.

Water is radically linked to the Zionist doctrine and plays a key role in the stages of its development and the crystallization of its goals, as global Zionism has been keen since its inception to exploit water as one of the elements of Israeli expansion, so it has given it a theological character similar to the rest of its expansionist premises of a religious nature to crystallize in its expansionist political slogan from the Euphrates to the Nile as a psychological preparation for the diaspora of Jews in the world and entice them to emigrate to Palestine, and Israel was not satisfied with that, but also tried to find a basis for it in the heart of the Arab nation.

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the European continent witnessed many revolutions and uprisings in which the peoples of this continent aimed to get rid of dictatorship, exploitation and injustice that they suffered from for a long time, and these revolutions, including the French Revolution in 1798 , had a significant direct and indirect impact on stoking the national and national spirit of some peoples and countries of the European continent, including Germany.

Many Arab poets tended to combine the system and the scattered frequency in the prose of many of them echo their readings and features of their poetic art as if they want to show their superiority in the art of speech poetry and prose and they are princes of speech or they are trying to bring the attention of the recipient and pay toxic him to make him feel the pleasure of art and that revenue Matt beautifies his piece of prose and decorates it, which makes him a participant in what he says as beauty is the artist's way to arouse emotion that guarantees the writer participation Recipient.

Arab scientists were interested in studying linguistic sounds in determining their exits and qualities in terms of loudness and whispering, intensity and looseness and related to these qualities in terms of showing and concealment or jaw and Al-Idgham and others, and the voice of the hamza had its abundant share in these studies, so they described the places of its output and identified it and determined its characteristic, and Ibn Abi Al-Hadid addressed in his explanation of Nahj al-Balaghah the phenomenon of investigation into the hamza and the phenomenon of mitigation in which the facilitation referred to the places of the words of Imam Ali, peace be upon him.

The research deals with some aspects of modern Arabic literature wanted him researcher to delve into some literary arts article established new literary arts novel has touched on the play and the story, and because more critics have been exposed to it in this context because they found the interconnection, especially in topics such as the maqam and the novel and the researcher pointed to the most important thinkers and writers in this regard addressing the personality of Muwailihi writer and Muhammad Hussein structure writer, has been presented to the books of literature important.

Continue reading that creative text or this in the light of many directives had represented the recipient of their data or perhaps visions, it communicates with the text according to what absorbed them or what was deposited in the river of consciousness of its manifestations and when the multiplicity of motives diversity of the area of the guides and the breadth of its horizon has taken this reading in its diversity according to its main types and comes technical guidance a major element captured the awareness of the recipient not as much as it was in the consciousness of the writer or creator, but close to him perhaps ploughs It is because it is the basis of creativity and communication with artistic performance.

Researchers in the modern era dealt with descriptive and comparative linguistic research methods in the study of modern linguistics because these approaches are the basis in linguistic research, so the importance of research came in the method of historical linguistic research, which would only monitor changes and record them to determine the changing linguistic paragraphs in the fact that the Arab grammarians have avoided using it in their writings because they have been interpreters, readers and jurists before they were grammarians, so they looked at the language and their view of the legal texts that do not accept change.

The Holy Quran used ten acts and a hundred acts in the form of (fabricate) in eighty-two surahs, Surat Al-Baqarah was more used for Hal, and the study revolves around the use of the formula of fabrication in Surat Al-Ma'idah Hassa, as the researcher divided a study on three detectives dealt with the first research with an overview of the formula of fabrication in the Holy Quran and its occurrence in the actions in the entirety of the Qur'anic surah. The verb (taqa) was the most common verb in the Holy Qur'an. And behind him in the multitude followed and taken, and guided and slandered either the second section has dealt with the researcher in which the indication fabricated morphological, and between the meanings, including diligence and turmoil in the request for action, as well as taking and showing and obedience and also indicate the participation if the sense of interaction is said to be specialized and special, either the section dealt with the researcher in which the significance of the formula ill lexical has been mentioned of these acts (feared, took, assaulted, followed, wanted, bounced, bought, finished, revenge, converted, troubled, differed, avoided, leveled, redeemed, hunted, doubted .....)

The interest in performance and pronunciation of the chain of speech of the aspects emphasized by modern linguistics, especially linguistics, the study of sound and knowledge of its sections and qualities and the impact and impact is the first beginning to know and master any language of human beings and the basis from which any linguistic study starts, and knowledge of the methods of performance and correct pronunciation of the series of words is no less important than the knowledge of grammar and was the fruit of linguistics the development and derivation of scientific terms in the field of the study of sounds such as similar and violation.

Inference practiced by human thought is the conclusion of one issue or several issues that are necessary for the existence of a logical relationship between them regardless of the truthfulness, or the lie of the introduction, or the introductions, or the result obtained and the inference is from the introduction or two or more introductions are composing the subject of inference or necessarily necessary result of the introductions and there is a logical relationship linking the premises and the result and this general definition of inference includes direct and indirect.

Since the establishment of the United Nations and countries sparring to win a seat at best be non-permanent and if this indicates something, it indicates the importance of the role of this Council in the life of the organization and international relations and if the Council has such importance at the beginning of the life of the organization where multipolarity, its role and importance increased in the wake of the end of the Cold War with the fall of the Soviet Union and then the eastern camp and when the organization practiced its work for the first time (1945) tended the will of the drafters of the Charter to form the Council on Commensurate with the number of countries and members of the organization (51) members.

Mathematics has become an important role in contemporary life and mathematics culture has become an important part of the general culture of the individual and cannot be dispensed with, and it has become imperative for the mathematical curricula developed by specialists in mathematics to rise to the level and responsibility that leads generations in order to teach better education and the first duties of mathematics to aim to teach the student the ability to express himself using mathematical symbols, and the application of mathematical concepts and skills.

The issue of quality occupies the forefront place in the strategic plans of any service business organization as one of the most important competitive priorities due to competition in order to reach the largest possible segment of customers, so it is necessary to prepare and prepare for quality and this is something that needs effort, trouble, capabilities, competencies and expertise in various fields if the problem is how to deal with quality management in order to apply this comprehensive quality in the hotel tourism service sector by improving the hotel service process and achieving customer satisfaction.

During the period studied, Iraq went through unique circumstances that no developing or even developed country has been exposed to throughout modern history, as soon as the month of September of 1980 broke out until a long war broke out that lasted for eight years that burned green and dry land, the Iraqi economy came out of it burdened with various economic problems, including high inflation rates, high volume of external indebtedness and the deterioration of the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar.

The tales of the Thousand and One Nights are one of the richest literary and popular sources of theater with its educational, social and humanitarian concepts, and it is therefore an inexhaustible helper because of the elements it contains that are very close to drama in providing the values of truth, goodness, beauty and Moroccan characters in a surprising atmosphere and situations embodied by a language with a popular local dialect that carries the connotations of intellectual values.

The Olympic Games are the most important international sporting event held periodically every four years, as the best champions of the participating session meet, and scientific development at the end of the last century helped scientists and researchers to obtain important results in the development of the completion of many events and breaking records and the events of the arena and field games and one of the important games in the Olympic Games and occupies a prominent position among the rest of the other games and the effectiveness of throwing weight is one of the important games in which the competition between world champions intensifies.