Turath AL-Hillah

This research studied the theory of preference between the different sayings according to Ibn Idris Al-Hilli (d. 598 AH), or the preference between the two narratives and the two groups of conflicting narratives, and the characteristics and advantages that one has over the other. With this and other evidence, preference is given.
Ibn Idris has opinions on the sources of jurisprudence, and he had an extensive deductive jurisprudence course, in which he employed all his energies and scientific talent to present an advanced deductive jurisprudence that he considered correct in his opinion. Ibn Idris relied on the weight between the sayings and the evidence based on the apparent meaning of the Holy Book, so if one of the evidence agrees with the apparent Qur’anic statement, it prevails over the other statement. He presented the research on a group of verses that he relied on in Islamic jurisprudence.
The research was divided into an introduction and five sections ended with a conclusion with the most important findings

Sheikh Ibn Fahd Al-Hilli is considered one of the prominent figures in all scientific fields. He was like a tight bridge and a trusted trustee. He conveyed, with all sincerity and honesty, the opinions and supports of scholars in jurisprudence to future generations. He is truly the epitome of his era and time, in addition to his taste, choices, and continuous effort in codifying the jurisprudence of Ahl al-Bayt (peace on them).
The researcher chose one of his jurisprudential books
(Al-Muqtasir min Sharh Al-Mukhtasar), which contained an excellent scientific and semantic introduction that enlightens thought in which he explained the sermon of the book (Al-Mukhtasar Al-Nafi’) by Najm Al-Din Jaafar bin Al-Hasan
Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hilli. We took it as a subject for our research. It consisted of three sections. In the first section, I dealt with his personal biography. In the second section, I studied connotations in language and terminology. The third section was an applied study that included four connotations:
Firstly: the morphological significance, Secondly: the legal significance, Thirdly: the linguistic significance, and fourthly: the grammatical significance. This was followed by a summary of the most important results, as it demonstrated Ibn Fahd al-Hilli’s interest in the lexical and semantic meaning, and this brings us to his mastery of the Arabic language, his exploration of its depths, and his knowledge of the uses of words in Arabic. the language.
Keywords: Ibn Fahd Al-Hilli, Semantic Research, Al-Muqtasar, Explanation of Ahl Al-Bayt (Peace be upon them).

The Shiite jurist Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Tusi (d. 460 AH) is considered the first founder of the Hawza school, which is similar to what it is in our present era. Because that lesson was built on the presence of three pillars: (the students of knowledge, the place of the lesson, and the presence of the sheikh or professor), so he deserved the title of (the sheikh of the sect), and his coming to the Holy Land (Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf) had a great impact on the spread of the Najaf school, and its influence in other schools. After the death of Sheikh al-Tusi, his son Sheikh Abu Ali al-Hasan bin Muhammad Al-Tusi (d. 515 A.H/1121 A.D), nicknamed al-Mufid al-Thani, assumed the leadership of the Imami school, which later became credited with the growth of the al-Hilla school of jurisprudence.
Researchers have long wondered about the first beginnings of the emergence of the seminary in the city of Hilla, and given the close period of time between the popularity of the Najaf School and its arrival to the pinnacle of intellectual giving, then the stagnation of the scientific study in it, and the emergence of the Hilla Seminary on the religious scene, this emergence was attributed to the influence of the Najaf School without Identification of the people who influenced this, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the emergence of the Hillah Seminary was linked to the Sheikh, the revered jurist, Ibn Idris Al-Hilli (d. 598 A.H). Because he came with new opinions that contradicted what was popular during the time of the sheikh of the sect,
Al-Tusi.
Hence, the research shed light on the missing link in history between the stagnation of lessons in the holy city of Najaf and the emergence of the Hilla seminary, in which the personality of Abu Ali Al-Tusi, the son of the sheikh of the sect, had the greatest influence on that. Hence the research entitled: (The influence of Abu Ali Al-Tusi (d. 515 A.H) on the establishment of Hillah Islamic Seminary). It was divided into an introduction and two sections. In the introduction, we discussed: “The schools of Najaf and Hilla in the fifth and sixth centuries AH”; It was specified in these two centuries: Because they represent the historical stage of the research space. While we discussed in the first section: (Abu Ali al-Tusi’s connection to the Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf School), and we discussed in it an overview of his academic life in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, and his leadership in studying there, and the study of his sheikhs, and his students. As for the second section, we discussed: “Abu Ali al-Tusi’s contact with the Al-Hillah Scientific School,” and this was through the influence of his students on the scholars of Al-Hillah, and some of them moved to this city and took it as a study center.

The studied paths of the cities determined the self-being of the state, and the research focused on one city rather than another, and small cities and their importance within the framework of urbanization and its standards were not taken into account. Do these cities represent a historical phenomenon in their formation and development, and do they have common characteristics with neighboring cities? Was the city the result of geographical and human data that interfered in the process of creation, or was the religious factor the main element in its creation? It is known that agriculture, for example, represents the dominant mode of production. So, how did it affect the population attraction that searches for food security and its details?
The field of studying small cities is still very difficult. It has provided solid scientific concepts, as the researcher needs accurate historical backgrounds covering the history of the region, whether social, economic, or political, as well as the development of the urban condition of the city in light of successive times.
Based on the statement of the French sociologist Fostal de Coulanges, who concluded in his study of cities that the religious factor is an essential link between the residents of any city, and that this relationship is very close and overshadows all other statements, and people derive their strength and blessing from the theory of proximity to the holy place. Even the British scientist Arnold J. Toynbee believes that there is no escape from the predominance of the religious element over other factors, and that it is continuous and permanent and is not affected by geography and its fluctuations in the issue of the decline and disappearance of cities, due to the scarcity of water or the change in transportation methods for it.
As we trace the emergence of the religious city in Iraq, we find that the above data is inseparable from many cases of the holy city with an emotional presence, which is what was investigated by the special study in the holy city of Al-Qasim as one of the religious cities of Hilla, and which is confirmed by the theoretical statement that is consistent with the plans that form the features. The naturalness emanating from the sanctity of the incoming person, his place of travel and burial, and around which hearts gather To move to the stage of living next to it, with the same spiritual security felt by the visitor to it, and when the circle of settlers next to it expands, the religious city appears, deriving its essence from the owner of the holy spirit.
To complete the research, it was divided into several sections: The first axis dealt with (the emergence of the city of Al-Qasim and its formation under the religious doctrine), while the second axis dealt with the study of (the official administrative and organizational development of the city of Al-Qasim), and the third axis shed light on (the religious elite in the city and its impact on development and population attraction).

The changing term, such as (cultural references), has raised a lot of controversy. We tried to find the most appropriate definition for it and address the chronology of the reception it received, relying on the Western and Arab treatment of it, feeling its origins in ancient Arabic dictionaries, trying to settle on a material through which it can To apply this term in our literary heritage and among our distinguished poets, Through this research paper in which we dealt with the cultural references in the poetry of Ibn al-Arandas al-Hilli (840 AH), we say that this Arab heritage needs new extrapolation and attempts to investigate and follow up on the foundational roots of Arab culture, trying to establish the culture of every century, and why not establish the culture of every city. One of these cities that is rich in diverse culture is Al-Hilla Al-Fayhaa.

This research attempts to diagnose the stylistic features in a poem by Sayed Jaafar Al-Hilli, one of the poets of Al-Hilla in the modern era. It is a poem about (The Battle of Karbala) and it specifically mentions Abbas bin Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), sometimes known as Al-Mimiya. It is a poem in seventy-one lines. According to the approach followed in stylistic studies, we studied the poem at three levels:
The semantic level, which traces the connotations of words according to the axes (the courage of Al-Abbas (peace be upon him), war, animals, religion and heritage, semantic correspondence, selection and distribution.
The second level is the synthetic level, which is concerned with the rhetorical methods that seemed to be more noticeable than others in a remarkable way. The research presented the arts of similes and metaphors.
Metaphor and metonymy, As for the phonetic level, I briefly explain the poem’s meter and rhyme, and I elaborate a little on alliteration, derivational naturalization, and linguistic sounds. In all of these sections, stylistic features were traced to achieve the goal of the research. We concluded the research with the most important results.

Humorous literature is an integral structure of the structure of Arabic poetry throughout its historical extension and since pre-Islamic times. This title has been studied in more than one university dissertation and dissertation, but the approach to the given topic in Hillian poetry has not been studied and academic research has not addressed it, and it is suitable to be approached in a thesis or dissertation. University due to the richness of this topic in the literary literature and the diversity of its topics and the multiplicity of its poets. The poetry that was spoken in Al-Hilla since its founding in the year (495 AH) carried that humorous spirit from the poets who came to it, and then from the poets who were born, raised, and later matured in it and on its historical path in general.
So what is humor? What is its linguistic and terminological definition? Does it have roots in ancient Arab heritage and poetry? What is its peculiarity in Hillian poetry? Who is the most prominent of the poets who dealt with it? Were they limited to poetry alone, or did prose play a role in it? What is the nature of the artistic structure that contained these poems? We will try to answer these and other questions within these pages.
The research was divided into two sections preceded by an introduction. The introduction was in explaining the terminology in language, terminology, its particularities, and its broader affiliation to the art of satire. The first section was about the development of the art of humor and sarcasm in the Arab environment, objectively and artistically. Then the second section was about humor and sarcasm in Hillian poetry, with a conclusion of the most important The results reached by the research, with a list of sources and references from which the researcher derived his material.

The poetic image witnessed a remarkable development throughout the ages, keeping pace with the renewal that affected the aspects of life in general, whether political, social, religious or cultural, especially since poetry received the greatest status from the attention of the Arab person, and its references, methods and functions diversified.
This research came to reveal the hidden meanings of the poetic image in the work of the poet Abbas Al-Ajili, who was distinguished by his sober style and realism in his presentation. This is what instilled in the researcher’s soul that he should intend to study it, as he is a renewal poet who maintains the sobriety of ancient Arabic poetry.
The study reveals the references and sources of the image that the poet derived, which is the religious and historical reference, and delving into these references revealed to us what these images are and what their impact was on the soul of the poet and the recipient.

Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Hussein Al-Asadi Al-Hilli, known as (Ibn Al-Batriq) is a scholar, jurist, commentator, and great hadith scholar in the Twelver Shiite doctrine, and an Iraqi writer from the people of the sixth century AH. His sheikhs greatly praised him and his works. (Ibn Al-Batriq) Al-Hilli wrote several Works on interpretation, the science of men, theology, and hadith, the most prominent of which is his hadith book known as (Al-Mustadrak Al-Mukhtar fi Manaqib Al-Wasiy Al-Mukhtar), and as it is known to all Muslims, many Qur’anic verses were revealed against Imam Ali, mentioned by most descendants, commentators, and hadith scholars. Both teams Among them is our scholar, the great scholar (Ibn Batriq), in his valuable book, in which he conveyed the narrations contained in the books of history, biographies, and hadith according to the Sunnis regarding the virtues of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Our research was in an introduction and a preface, in which we explained three important aspects. The first: We recognized the meaning of (the verse) and (the reason for the revelation) linguistically and idiomatically In the second aspect: We presented a brief biography of the Imam (Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him), and in the third aspect: We presented a summary of the life of our narrator (Ibn al-Batriq
al-Hilli), an introduction to his book (Al-Mustadrak Al-Mukhtar), and two sections: The first section dealt with: the Meccan verses: and they were (five verses). The second section included: Medinan verses: They were (ten verses). After completing this research, we reached a set of results that were mentioned at the conclusion of the research.

This research studies what Ibn al-Sukoon disagreed with al-Hilli in determining the text of Imam Ali’s words in Nahj al-Balagha, and Ibn al-Sukun al-Hilli, (Ali bin Muhammad bin Muhammad, born in Hilla, and died there around the year 606 AH), a grammatical scholar, linguist, eminent jurist, and jurist. Trustworthy, righteous, literary, poet, writer.
The research has monitored many differences in Adjusting of the texts of Nahj al-Balaghaby Ibn Al-Sukoon, printed with the verification of Sheikh Qais Bahjat al-Attar, and the Adjusting copy of Nahj al-Balagha verified by Professor Dr. Subhi Al-Saleh, which scholars consider to be one of the finest, most accurate, and most accurate investigations.
The material extracted from the interview between the two settings resulted in a difference in the structure of the vocabulary, its grammatical signs, and a difference in the phrases of the text, which entails a change in the meaning of the speech. Therefore, the research material was divided into four topics, which are:
The first topic: The difference in control in word structure.
The second topic: The difference in control between the vocabulary.
The third topic: The difference in setting in the phrase.
The fourth topic: The difference in control in grammatical movements and its effect on the difference in grammatical significance.
It is worth noting that the researcher had a pause to contemplate the two texts, and tried to weigh between them on linguistic foundations that were considered by him, after referring to the material of linguistic dictionaries, and citing what the commentators of the approach mentioned in each sentence, beginning by mentioning the text of the Imam (peace be upon him) as stated in the edition of Dr. Subhi Al-Saleh. And according to the commentators and others, then contrasting it with the text of Ibn al-Sukun, and explaining the linguistic and semantic difference between the two forms.

This is a brief description of a manuscript copy of the book (Tahzib Al-Ahkam) by Sheikh Abi Jaafar Muhammad ibn Al-Hassan Al-Tusi (d.460 AH), in which I explained the importance of the books and the position of its author, then I described the copy in terms of physical descriptions and outside the text, and I showed the value of this copy, as it is considered one of the oldest copies of the book It was abrogated in (569 AH), and a group of scholars struggled to own the copy and marginalize it, and at the end of the copy there are endings of reading as well.