Basra studies journal

Al-Sharif Al-Radhi used extensively the vocabulary of darkness and its manifestations in his diwan. He was more prominent in praise. This research revealed the poet’s praise to his father through: its trends, manifestations, intellectual and emotional dimensions. Notably, the previous factors were exclusively used by the poet to express his Heroism. This is a reference from him to explain the merits of his father. Also, he explores his father’s union with darkness and horrors to refer to latter’s uniqueness, difference, and distinction, whether the darkness is real or metaphor. Thus, a distinguished personality would be expressed to cope with his biography in the events he went through. Moreover, his father was known for his moral and material value traits that should be approached in order to be recognized among the Arabs in the system of cultural patterns.

The mosque is considered a center for religious features and the icon of the city. It is viewed as the spiritual heart in it. Not only it lies in the middle of Basra, but also, it mediates the Islamic religious thought as it is its first pole. The mosque was the place that Islamic laws were taught. Some historians have described it as (the first building block of social and religious structure). Because, it is a device to mix the believers in Islam into an intellectual unity through circles, judiciary, worship, buying and selling and holding various occasThe Basra Mosque (Al-Jamaa) is considered one of the most prominent urban institutions in the city of Basra after it was built by Utbah bin qazwan by order of Caliph Umar bin Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) in the year (14 AH / 636 AD), as it was built with primitive and simple building materials from reeds and then rebuilding it In the Wilayat of Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari over the city of Basra in the year (16-19 AH / 638-650AD), he built the mosque from mud,ions. and when Mu’awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (41-60 AH / 661- 679 CE) used Ziyad bin Abe’s over the city of Basra, Also, many increases in the wall of the mosque, and it was built with plaster and its roof with teak The mosque masters were brought from a mountain in the Ahwaz called Qaqaaan. It seems that Ziad Ibn his father was clearly influenced by Persian buildings and tried to transfer that to the Islamic civilization. After Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) became the ruler of Persia. The (Al-Jama) mosque in Islamic cities in general and Basra in particular has a religious and social significance because it is where people of different colors meet to perform the duty ofprayer and worship, and to declare obedience to God Almighty indicates the bonding of Muslims, and being one of the centers of education andalso was an important administrative center in managing the affairs of the city.

The study aims to explore the size of the intellectual output of geographers at University of Basra for the period from (1985-2016).The previous output should be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to determine its topics and trends. This study aims also to explore the developing within these stages, and to identify the trends of the intellectual production of the geographers. And that is through a comprehensive survey and inventory of most of the intellectual output of geographers at the University of Basra represented by the geographical letters (Master’s and PhD), for geographers at the University of Basra and what was approved by the geography departments during the study period, as the study reached the size and type of intellectual output of geographers at the University of Basra. The number of completed geographical theses (193) and dissertations (100) reached (293) during the study period from (1985-2016). That equals about 21.12% of the total intellectual output of geographers at the University of Basra. The previous subjects were carried out under the supervision of (52) male and female professors distributed among three departments of geography at University of Basra. Bearing in mind that the intellectual output of geographers are divided closely and accurately into three main fields (natural, human and common) to realize the differences in quantity and quality of those studies.

Britain pursued a strategy identical to the US strategy toward Iraq long ago. It also sought to occupy Iraq, especially Basra, with which Britain has long relations and knows a lot about it in all respects. Where the coalition forces have entrusted control of Basra to the British forces since April 2003. Indeed, those forces managed to occupy the city and followed a friendly strategy in it by trying to get closer to the local population, but this led to an increase in the aversion between these forces and the Basrians due to the long-term destruction of its infrastructure and the failure to accelerate the reconstruction process and provide the necessary services to its residents, which made them establish their presence Which led to a change in the British strategy towards Basra and the use of force and then withdraw from its center.

The research aims to identify the importance of time management for human resources in the libraries and the Central Library, at University of Basra. The research was conducted on (114) participants of human resources. Google Classroom platform was used to convey the questionnaire electronically. Out of (114) participants, (72) questionnaires were retrieved, at a rate of 63.16%.
The retrieved questionnaires were analyzed using the percentage. The most important results are:
1- The inability to reject others ’requests was approached acceptably. 56.94% of the respondents answered (yes). And 30.56%. of respondents answered (sometimes).
2-There is an acceptable tendency to answer (no) at a rate of 45.83%. The former result is related to routine work. This is processed through delegating to others to perform them. As for (sometimes), the percentage was 41.67% secondly.
The study concluded a number of recommendations, the most important of which are:
1- The beneficiaries' requests should not be rejected.
2- Other employees should be prepared to do the routine work . Also, things should be prepared for work.
In addition, the research included (17) tables .

This research paper addresses Al-Basrah and the Ottoman–Iranian border issue during the period of 1831-1872 and how Al-Basrah was affected by it. This paper also addresses several basic axes. First, the relationship between Almuhmrah and Al-Basrah before and during the period this paper covers. Second, the campaign of Ali Rıza Pasha, the governor of Baghdad, on Almuhmrah in 1837 along with its reasons and results. Third, Iran's reaction to the campaign , and the development in the political and military situation between the two countries, along with how it affected Al-Basrah. Fourth, this research paper also discusses the negotiations on the borders and the British-Russian mediation to bring the dispute to the negotiating table, trying to find middle grounds that suit both sides, as this dispute affects both Britain and Russia's interests. Moreover, it discusses the demarcation of the border and the obstacles it faced.

The research aims to introduce the reality of marketing in the Maritime Consulting office at the University of Basra and its objective. Also, it aims to explore the provided information and the techniques of marketing methods with it. The documentary approach was used in the theoretical side and the descriptive approach (case study) in the practical side as the most appropriate approach to the nature of this research. It also, depended on the interview tool in collecting data and percentages were used in the research.
The research reached many results, the most important of which are:-
1- Establish educational and research information for citizens free of charge. While government and private agencies are provided in return for financial sums that written in the form of a consultancy contract. Also, the financial profit is refunded to the university, the ministry, the internal departments ... etc.
2- The office provides educational and research information and provides it to citizens free of charge.
3- There is a special and an independent budget in the office, but it is not sufficient because the funding therein is only self-financing.
The research came out with many recommendations, the most important of which are:-
1- Encouraging the Maritime Consultative office to involve human resources in the work because they are the basis for completing the workflow and for the exchange of new ideas.
2- The need to provide an adequate budget to meet the needs of the office.

The research aims to spot light on secondary education services, and its spatial distribution, and functional efficiency in Al-Dayr city according to the population criteria for the academic year (2019-2020). The study included three parts, the first part explores the geographical distribution of primary education institutions in the city. While, the second part approached to use geographic information systems to explore the secondary education services .As, the third part discussed the efficiency and services of those institutions for students according to educational and population criteria. Out of the study, it is noted that there is a deficit in the lack of schools with an increased level of the number of the students in the classes leads to fall of the students’ education.

Agricultural investment in the Shatt al-Arab district is characterized by diversity, as it is not limited to cultivating a specific crop without another, and due to the diversity of agricultural crops in the district and investing them in different forms, it is necessary to clarify the agricultural investment systems through studying the area investment of the crops prevailing in the Shatt al-Arab district for the period(2020-2009).

The current study investigates rhetorical accuracy of
repeated Ayahs in the Glorious Quran as translated into English.
For Reiss, the critic’s task is to consider whether the translator
has approached the procedures of form-focused type. Three
repeated Ayahs have been selected as recognized samples. Seven
translators have been chosen from different backgrounds. The
comparison is made among the translations (seven translations)
based on Reiss’s category. Out of the present study, it is noted that
Ali’s translation is more rhetorical than others. In other words, he
uses in his translation the same verbal repeated words of the
original (G.Q).
Note: MLA citation is used for this research (the update
version does not include a year inside the thesis