Journal of Al-Qadisiyah for Computer Science and Mathematics

Data visualization is a technique used to see the unseen information, that will help humanity to discover important things. There are many methods to represent the datasets, but data visualization is the best because it can preserve the information. Skeleton is used to analyse the visualization, thus data visualization gives efficient results. Comparison among well-known methods is the goal of this paper. The conclusion of this paper showed all the comparative results will be important for any further study. This study will use data visualization to discover novel dataset representations, which is the main goal of data visualization and can be useful in presenting necessary data.

Broadly, swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms are considered as nature-inspired techniques improved depending on the idea of communications between living entities such as birds' flocks, Ant Colony, and fish, which means deliberates the group behavior evolving through self-organizing of population individuals. SI has been stimulated via the surveillance of group behavior in its populations in nature because their behavior appears to have the ability to solve complex tasks and optimization problems. The fitness function which is based on SI has been improved to solve combinatorial and mathematical optimization problems by using these algorithms. This means, these techniques work based on the behaviors of individuals in their population so the observation, swam algorithms can be employed for solving the different problems in various applications such as in the medical systems or to enhance the performance of other application systems. In this paper, some swarm intelligent methodologies are reviewed and concerns with their applications in some areas are mentioned.

If all the elements of a ring W can be written as a sum of pure and idempotent elements", the ring is said to be P-clean. In this paper, we introduce the P-clean ring nation and look into some of its fundamental properties, examples, and relationship to the clean ring

In this paper, we will present a definition of soft modular space and some properties of soft modular (convergent, continuous, bounded) are explained instead of the prevailing definition.

Currently, with the huge increase in modern communication and network applications, the speed of transformation and storing data in compact forms are pressing issues. Daily an enormous amount of images are stored and shared among people every moment, especially in the social media realm, but unfortunately, even with these marvelous applications, the limited size of sent data is still the main restriction's, where essentially all these applications utilized the well-known Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard techniques, in the same way, the need for construction of universally accepted standard compression systems urgently required to play a key role in the immense revolution.

This review is concerned with Differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) and pixel-based techniques, where the spatial domain is exploited to compress images efficiently in terms of compression performance and preserving quality. The new pixel-based method overcomes predictive coding constraints with fewer residues and higher compression ratios.

Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in the lungs. According to World Health Organization Asthma is often not properly diagnosed or treated, especially in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. People with untreated asthma can experience disturbed sleep, daytime fatigue, and poor concentration. Detecting the disease at the right time can help to reduce the risk it may cause. Using Semantic Web technologies, this project aims to improve asthma disease diagnosis. We created a domain ontology (AsthmaONTO) that encompasses asthma disease domain knowledge. The ontology includes terminology, relationships, and properties that can be used in the diagnosis of asthma. To diagnose asthma disease and predict the risk of asthma, a set of rules has been developed based on valid links between ontology concepts. It also offers therapy options and recommendations. A domain expert submitted a sample set of individuals with asthma disease, which was used to evaluate the proposed system. The system correctly diagnosed 48 of the 54 cases patients with asthma (ratio of correctness is 88.8%), according to the findings.

A lot of techniques are represented to have a useful for denoising and in-painting digital images. These techniques are based on a partial differ- ential equations (PDEs). Thus, we need to find the solution of PDEs. In this work, we consider a finite difference method to solve PDEs approxi- mately based on image compression. In addition, we compared the results in different criteria of the errors.