Diyala Journal of Human Research

It is safe to say that the linguistics revolution has begun and the revolution is being computerized. It is no amplification to say that linguistics has undergone a renaissance with the rapid development of computers and the internet that are witnessing in the modern era through the spread and tremendous changes brought about by digital technology through computing, which marked the beginning of an information age. For the time being, the field of computational linguistics straddles linguistics and computer science with the help of psychology and logic by using computers to simplify the handling of linguistic issues. It is considered as a branch of computer science and linguistics. However, it is built on the collaboration between computer science and linguistics. Every aspect of linguistics has been affected by the application of this technology. The aim of this review is to focus on the field of computational linguistics and its skills by focusing on linguistics with reference to the uses of computers in relation to teaching and the role of teachers today towards students in the modern era through the digital revolution

The security situations witnessed in Iraq after 2003 were mainly characterized by instability. This represented a great challenge for Iraqi forces to impose security, and protect citizens. This has increasingly made the international medias in general and British media in particular shed light on the Iraqi situations including Iraqi soldiers. This has led to the emergence of a real research gap represented by some important questions regarding the nature of the British media\'s attitude towards the Iraqi soldiers. so, this study is an attempt to reveal the image of the Iraqi soldiers in British media.
The study is based on the hypothesis that IS in general is depicted positively in British media at both Mil and Mal levels\". To achieve the aims of the study and verify its hypothesis, two types of procedures have been followed: theoretical and practical. The theoretical procedure consists of presenting a theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis including its basic concepts, approaches, models of analysis. On the other hand, the practical procedure consists of selecting three British articles from The Sun, BBC News and the Daily Mail. The selected articles have been analyzed in the light of an adapted form of van Dijk \'s model (2000).

This research aims to reduce and/or diminish anger related problems in children and adolescents. It also sheds light on the similarities and differences between students’ responses to CBT, and compares the efficacy of CBT to other traditional approaches. Further, the sub-types of CBT are explored, especially, in the way of how each one of them functions. It was found that CBT is moderately effective to treat anger and anger related problems of children with special needs. Moderate effects also were found in individual variables such as feeling angry, aggressive behavior, and anger management skills. Comparing the efficacy of CBT to other approaches cannot arrive at valid judgment because comparative studies are very scarce. Implementation of CBT is examined in this research, and some suggestions for future research were discussed.

This research explains how the dictogloss technique and TED talks can be used together to improve language learners\' listening and writing skills. It examines the effects of the dictogloss technique on listening comprehension, summarizing, and listening anxiety among Iraqi EFL secondary students. 60 female students from a secondary school in Iraq, aged between 17 and 18, took part in the research. For instruction, the experimental group as well as the control group watched TED Talks videos. The Dictogloss technique was also applied to teach students in the experimental group how to write summaries and how to comprehend what they hear, whereas those in the control group were instructed using a conventional approach. Pre- and post-tests, as well as the listening anxiety questionnaire, were administered to get the necessary data. The findings reveal that the experienced group\'s students performed better than the control group\'s students with significant differences favoring the experimental group that was exposed to the Dictogloss technique. Pedagogical implications for EFL instructors are offered to improve students\' language learning by incorporating the Dictogloss technique in EFL classrooms to raise students\' listening comprehension of the foreign language, develop their skills in writing summaries and reduce listening anxiety.

A classroom, in general, is an unnatural situation, thus students are in need of motivation. Many methods are being used in order to grab the attention of the students during and after class. In the literature, it is obvious that motivation increases the learning outcome of EFL students. Technology improves and advances every day in our lives, so it would only make sense if our EFL classrooms adapted themselves in a way to integrate technology in the process of teaching and learning EFL. A sample of EFL learners were chosen to participate in this quantitative type research. Later, the results of the questionnaires were analyzed via figuring out their respective Chi-square results. To be more precise and to prove this point in the University of Halabja, the questionnaire was distributed among 39 EFL students at the college of basic education, department of English language. The result supported that, indeed, using Google Classroom does increase motivation of EFL students.

Margaret Atwood's Oryx and Crake (2003) is a postapocalyptic novel set in the Maddaddam trilogy in which the "flood"—a man-made virus—has almost completely wiped out human life. Atwood uses the story of Snowman, the last human on Earth, and his struggle to survive in a difficult biological and ecological environment to attack present social, political, and economic structures, as well as traditional Western concepts of subjectivity. In this paper, the focus is mainly shed on the distribution of power in the novel. The research benefits from Foucault’s concept of “Bio politics” which mainly refers to the idea of control on the functions of a human body.

Roy Scranton's War Porn shocks the reader back to reality by removing the gloss that most war novels have, which exalts the lives of the troops. His vicious gaze spares nothing or nobody. Scranton, however, emphasizes to the reader what war really is from the viewpoints of the occupying force and the oppressed. It talks about the suffering of war, its destruction, and the purposeful or unintentional crimes the US army perpetrated at the time.
The novel alternates between three different settings: the first is a typical barbecue between friends in Utah that is disturbed by a mysterious, tattooed man named Aaron who served in Iraq as a veteran; the second is a brutal war that occurs in Iraq; a veteran named Wilson considers his actions and loses himself in the process as he transforms into a total killing machine, and the third takes a mathematician who becomes a victim of the horrifying occupation of Iraq where his life is shattered to pieces.
The novel is analyzed according to Galtung’s violence triangle theory, in which the novel demonstrates a lot of events that represent direct, structural, and even cultural violence, direct and structural violence is the main focus of this paper.

The aim and capabilities of assessment have expanded in modern educational systems, and teachers are required to be well-versed in the fundamentals of contemporary assessment. In light of this, the current study examined the Language Assessment Test Literacy of English language teachers of Iraq using the Classroom Assessment Literacy Inventory (CALI), which was developed using the American Federation of Teachers, National Council on Measurement in Education's, and National Education Association's seven standards of teachers' Language Assessment Test Literacy expertise for the instructional assessment of students. The data has been collected using the qualitative and quantitative methodology. The results showed that out of 35 questions, Iraq's English language teachers only provided less than 15 right answers. Findings show that standard seven scores for instructors were the lowest. The standard four students received the highest grade. Despite the fact that 77% of teachers claimed to have had enough assessment training, the findings showed that they had small amounts of assessment literacy. It is advised that teacher preparation programs be revised and that in-service teachers be given professional development courses.

The Only Jealousy of Emer (1917-1918) is a dance play composed by W. B. Yeats of a very beautiful verse which is unmatched ever since. The play comes within Yeats's collection of the so-called Cuchulain Plays. It tells about the tragic fate of the mythical hero, Cuchulain, in his struggle against natural and supernatural elements alike.
Soon, both his wife, Emer, and his mistress, Eithne Inguba are engaged in similar combat against supernatural elements to regain Cuchulain alive after being captivated by the so-called Sidhe or fairy people. However, apart from mythical elements, the playwright enhances his portrayal of female characters comprising wife, mistress, and supernatural woman with a touch of realism. Thus, by bringing the hero safely into the world of the living, through Emer's sacrifice, Yeats shows the triumph of human passion and marital duties over the supernatural quest to mate with mortals represented by Fand.
Furthermore, the three women alluded to recurred the most influential women characters in Yeats's life; Georgie Hyde Lees, Maud Gonne, and her seventeen-years-old daughter, Iseult. The significance of this reference will be discussed throughout the paper. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show how natural and supernatural elements function to bring about the tragic fate of the hero, Cuchulain, and how both his wife and mistress are seen combating against supernatural elements.
It turns out that the "amorous" (Yeats, 283) Cuchulain who took much delight in having multiple love affairs with women had also relationships with fairies. It was his amorous connection with the supernatural Aoife which brought about his tragic fate in The Only Jealousy of Emer. Cuchulain had a son by Aoife, whom he had unknowingly killed in On Baile's Strand. On knowing that it was his own son, the outraged Cuchulain turned to fight the sea. It was such a ruthless battle that other kings while attending the scene were "like cattle in a gale" (284).
We are made aware of the power of the sea right from the very beginning of the play. The off-stage sea as a malignant force, which holds responsible for the hero's tragic situation, is ever present. Powerful and relentless, as it is, the sea-water swept over the hero and "the waves washed his senseless image up/ And laid it at the door" (284) of a fisherman's house. Cuchulain falls drowned as very probably entranced and is seen lying in bed in that poor peasant's house. Consequently, some supernatural elements take possession of the hero's mind and body. Fard, a sea-figure, it turns out, seizes possession of the hero's mind when at the same time his body is captivated by Bricriu of the Sidhe, Fard's enemy. The action of the play takes place during Cuchulain's captivity under Fard's possession while in his visit to the so-called Country-Under-Wave.
Originally, the play was given the title A Sword Blade Against the Foam which is suggestive of the supremacy Fard has over any weapon that might be employed by wife and mistress in their struggle to win Cuchulain back to consciousness (Vendler, 20). As for the origin of the play, the story went back to an ancient saga known us "The Sick Bed of Cuchulain and the Only Jealousy of Emer" that constituted of two parts and in which the names Eithne and Emer were first given, much confusingly to readers, and to Cuchulain's wife respectively (Jeffares & Knowland, 110). Besides that, two other identical stories were collected dating back to the ninth and eleventh centuries. However, the version on which Yeats based his play included two women characters; wife and supernatural beloved who were in persistent struggle over the man they loved. Eithne Inguba, as a mistress, was further invented by Yeats to enhance an autobiographical reference to the three women characters who played pivotal roles in his own life.

This paper is a pragmatic study of promising in George Orwell’s Animal
Farm. It tackles the connotaions of using promising in this novella. It sheds light
on the theoretical background of this study as an introduction. Thus, as it is a
pragmatic study, it briefly defines, presents and explains pragmatics, context, as
connotation cannot be specified without taking it into consideration, and speech
act, as promising is considered one of its types. After that, the most important
section, the practical one, is presented and analyzed pragmatically. This is done
by taking some examples of promising from the novella and analyzing them by
showing their connotations. Thus, it shows the significance of employing
promising in this literary work. The last section is the Conclusion which gives a
summary of the results of the study.