Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Gastrointestinal parasites are a major source of disease in cats in the tropics, and are a major cause of public health problems in many parts of the world. This study was conducted to investigate the intestinal parasites of domestic cats and infection rates according to age of the animal. Fifty fecal samples collected from domestic cats in Mosul city during the period from October 2019 Until the end of January 2020. Eleven species of intestinal parasite were identified in the feces of domestic cats included three genera of Nematodes: Toxocara cati (16%), Toxascaris leonina (8%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (8%), two genera of Cestodes: Taenia taeniformis (4%), Diphylobothrium latum (2%) , one genus of the Trematodes: Schistosoma intercalatum (2%) and five species of intestinal protozoa: Isospora felis (32%), Isospora rivolta (28%), Cryptosporidium spp. (10%), Entamoeba coli (12%), Toxoplasma like oocyst (6%). The total infection with intestinal parasites was (64%). The highest rate of infection was Isospora felis (32%), followed by Isospora rivolta (28%). This is the first record of Isospora genus in the Mosul city, also recorded in this study for the first time in Iraq, the infection of cats with the parasite Schistosoma intercalatum (2%) and the infection with Entamoeba coli (12%) is the first record in the Mosul city. No significant differences were observed in the infection rates with different parasites between the age groups of animals and between the types of infection with different species of intestinal parasites in domestic cats.

This comparative study aims to assess the differences in the third eyelid gland and cartilage morphology and histology between dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats (Felis catus). Twenty nictitans membranes were collected from 20 adult dogs and 20 adult cats. The nictitans membranes were dissected to examine the structure, shape, and positions of the nictitans gland and cartilage. Histologically, the samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin and then prepared for H&E stains. Generally, in both species, the cartilage consists of a long, slender body, and pigmented large dorsal and small ventral wings. The cartilage had a curving shape that resembled the eyeball's curvature and had two surfaces; palpebral and corneal or bulbar surface. At the basal end of the corneal surface, there are several lymph nodes aggregates. In the dogs, the nictitans cartilage was longer and slenderer than in the cats. The body of the cartilage was wrapped by a spherical and light pink nictitans gland in the dogs while the cats had oval nictitans gland. Microscopically, the nictitans gland in the dogs was composed of a compound tubuloacinar gland whereas; in cats, it was composed of a compound acinar gland. There was no difference histologically in the intralobular and the interlobar septa between species, the isogenous group of chondrocytes was higher in cats Vs. the dogs that showed few in number. In conclusion, the nictitans gland and cartilage were varied in their anatomical and histological structure. This should help researchers make preparations to prevent negative impacts and could help them investigate changes made more pronounced by disease conditions

The aim of this study is to find out the incidence of pregnancy and some uterine diseases, such as hydrometra and mucometra in female Saanen goats out of seasonal breeding by using ultrasound scanning. This study was conducted in January 2022 in field of Saanen goats in Halabja province / Kurdistan Region. Out of 120 examination of female Saanen goats, the investigation were recorded 8 (6.7%) for pregnant, 80 (66.7%) non pregnant and 2 (1.6%) abortion whereas 18 (15%) and 12 (10%) for hydrometra and mucometra respectively. The previous conditions of infected uterus are considered a pseudopregnancy in goats according to the many researchers. In addition to these uterine infections are causes temporary infertility in goats.Therefore, it is preferable to treat such cases as soon as possible using hormones such as PGF2α. Finally it concluded that real-time ultrasound is considered rapid, precise, and accuracy device used for diagnosis of pregnancy and reproductive disorders represented by hydrometra and mucometra in goats.

This research aimed to measure the concentration of various fatty acids, in the dorsal muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio fish from Dukan Lake and Qaikand pond using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) VARIAN gas chromatograph (GC) (CP3800 Walnut Creek model). The presence of highly digestible proteins and fatty acids in fish is critical for a healthy lifestyle since they provide nutritional value. Fatty acids play significant roles in metabolism and function as hormones and signalling molecules. this study was conducted in November and December 2020, 30 fish samples ( length: 28 - 38 cm and weight: 965-1640 grams) were collected from Dukan Lake and Qaikand Pond. The average levels of the saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fish from the Dukan were 22.51%, 51.47%, and 21.94%, respectively, and in fish from the Qaikand, they were 25.80%, 44.79%, and 18.93%, respectively. The present study's findings suggest carp could be an excellent component of low-fat, high-polyunsaturated fatty acid diets.

This study aimed to test a linkage between Inhibin beta A (INHβA) polymorphism and semen quality in Holstein bulls in Iraqi Artificial Insemination Center. The experiment trial was carried out on (12 n) pure Holstein breed bulls Holstein breed bulls. The study period started from January 2022 until February 2022. The Ejaculates were collected and its characteristics were evaluated immediately, additionally, 10 ml of blood were collected from each bull (12 samples) for genomic DNA extraction to determine the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and compared with semen quality. The findings showed presence four variants at Exon 2; C (903) T, C (916)Y, G (917)K, and G (966) R in Exon 2 when compared with Gene sequence ID: XM_024990466.1. Two out of four Exon 2 SNPs were non-sense mutations(C (903) T and G (966) R), while the remains were missense which made the change in Arginine > phenylalanine at position (306). Regarding the volume of ejaculates, the results recorded that non-significant difference was showed in whole alleles of the loci, except in one locus (G (966) R), the bulls that had a wild allele (A) recorded maximum collected volume (p < 0.001). In addition, the bulls that represented wild genotypes showed a significant increase in sperm concentration and both mass and individual motility than mutant genotypes in all loci. Morevere, The results of the dead sperm percentage showed a non-significant correlation between the genotypes of all loci except in C (903) T, which demonstrated the superiority of the wild allele over the mutant. Lastly, the results prevailed that the mutant genotype related to the bad semen quality for the bulls, while, the wild genotypes showed good semen parameters, this results may be due to the effect of SNPs on the expression of INHA or the increase its activity.

The results of the study showed the infestation rate of ticks in stray cats was 52.22% one type of hard tick was diagnosed Rhipicephalus sanguineus it was relied on the macroscopic examination and PCR technique was used for the existing species. The study recorded a high rate of infection in animals of age groups younger than one year with a significant difference depending on age and no significant difference was recorded in the infestation rate between males and female cats. The study also showed the spread of ticks in separate areas of the animal’s body, where it was noted that the highest area of tick presence was in the ear and the back with an infection rate of 80.9% and 68.1%, respectively, while the lowest percentage of ticks was around the perianal and tail with an infection rate was 19.1%. The study also recorded a high rate of infection in the hot months with a significant difference in the percentage of infection depending on the months of the study

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of Silybum marianum (silymarin) against Proteus spp. bacteria isolated from minced meat. Two concentrations (1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ml) of Silybum marianum were assay against proteus spp., by inoculating minced meat for (60 and 120 min): stored at refrigerator temperature for 24, 72, and 120 hours, respectively; the bacterial counting was done on selective media. The results showed that proteus spp. were resistant to low concentrations of silymarin, while the inhibitory concentration of silymarin against Proteus strains was ≥ 2000 μg/ml. It was concluded that silymarin is a more beneficial antibacterial in the 2000 μg/ml concentration for the elimination of Proteus spp. pathogenic bacteria in minced meat than in the low concentration.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of the administration N-acytl cysteine to ewes with or without selenium and zinc on reproductive performance and the level of estrogen and progesterone hormones for local ewes. 24 local ewes were used, 3-5 of age and weighing 45-55 kg. They were randomly distributed to 4 group, 6 ewes for each one. All ewes were treated six days before pushing the vaginal sponges and continued for 45 days. The Group 1 (T1) was treated with (10 mg N-acytl cysteine/kg body weight), Group 2 (T2) was treated with (10 mg N-acytl cysteine/kg body weight + 0.03 mg selenium/kg body weight), Group 3 (T3) was treated with (10 mg N-acytl cysteine/ kg of body weight + 0.03 mg zinc / kg of body weight) while the Group 4 (T4) was left without treatment (control group). The results showed a significant increased (p≤0.05) of treatment (T1) at the time of first estrus, followed by the control treatment, then treatment (T2, T3). Results recorded a significant increased (p≤0.05) of T1, T3 and T2 respectively in estrus rate. Furthermore, the treated group showed a significant increased (p≤0.05) compared with control group in the fertilization %pregnancy, the percentage of twins, births and the number of births. The supplement N-acetyl cysteine with selenium or zinc led to an improvement in the reproductive performance.

In this study the influences of the ameliorative effects of Acetyl-L-carnitine when exposed to lead acetate on functional aspects in spermatogenesis process in testes of albino male rats was studied, 24 male albino rats weight 178-250 g were randomly distributed into four groups, 6 rats in each, the control group received distilled water orally, Treatment 1 lead acetate group received 10mg\kg body weight orally, Treatment 2 acetyl L-carnitine(ALCAR) group received 100mg\kg body weight orally, and Treatment 3 lead acetate and acetyl L-carnitine group received 10mg\kg body weight and 100mg\kg body weight orally respectively. After the end of the experiment the weight of sexual organs were taken, in addition, the total sperm count number, and percentage of dead, live, with abnormal spermatozoa also have been calculated. Result showed that the total sperm count in lead acetate group was decreased in compared with control and ALCAR groups. The lead acetate with ALCAR showed increased in total sperm count and live sperm percentage in compared with control and ALCAR groups. Dead and abnormal sperm percentage increased in lead acetate group and in lead with ALCAR groups in compared with control and ALCAR groups.

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of Syzygium aromaticum extracts, (clove) is one of the traditional plants that have been used to prevent urinary tract infection. Our study showed the antibacterial effectiveness of the extract of Syzygies aromaticum and reduced bacterial resistance resulting from the misuse of the antibiotic. Our extract has been used to prevent UTI because the pharmacological activities are attributed to plant constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, terpenes, and other active ingredients. Cloves were extracted by hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol), which yield a reddish-brown plant extract powder with 20%. It was observed that the hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol)of cloves against Staphylococcus aureus appeared at a concentration of 6.25 mg/ml, and increased until reached concentrations of 200; 400 and 800 mg/ml resulting in a zone of inhibition (16.3, 17.5, 20.7mm), respectively, while inhibition was recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. At a concentration of 400 and 800 mg/ml, an increase in inhibition was observed for the zone (18.1, 22.3mm). It was inferred that the hydroalcoholic extract (ethanol)of cloves has a higher antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus because the zones of inhibition began with lower concentrations compared to Klebsiella pneumonia because of their virulence factors in addition to bacterial resistance.