Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

Hydrochlorothiazide is a common blood pressure medicine. To analysis of it as pure form
and in pharmaceutical formulations we used isocratic HPLC techniques supplied with a
Octadecyl silane (ODS or C18) column (4.5mm x 250 mm, 5μm) as stationary phase and
(Methanol/Acetonitrile/Water) in the ratio of [75: 15:10 v/v/v/] as mobile phase at (25 Cº). The
Hydrochlorothiazide was detected at 270 nanometer and a flow rate was at 1.0 ml.min-1. This
method was validated (Linearity, Accuracy, Precision, LOD and LOQ) and all results that
obtained refer to accepted within ICH Guidelines.

This study followed 450 adults (20-65 years old) to evaluate the effects of saffron. More specifically, 200 individuals were evaluated for saffron's antidiabetic and antispasmodic activity in colon disorders, while 250 individuals were investigated for antidepressant and anti-inflammatory activity.
For the study, saffron was to be taken orally as a water preparation.
Method of preparation and use of saffron:
Threads of saffron are ground by pestle and mortar, about 30mg twice daily after meal or 20mg three times daily
Ground saffron is infused in a cup of hot water (70- 100ml) for 5-10 min until cool and taken orally
The daily intake is continued for about 3 weeks; the total dose is 1.200g.
For the investigation of saffron's antidepressant activity, clinical trials identified and screened 250 individuals selected randomly. Excluded: no depression symptoms (healthy or depression due to colon disorders or irregular menstrual cycle): n=170; with depression symptoms (evaluation in meta-analysis): n=80. Excluded: antidepression control n=10.
Antidepressant drugs n=15, without drugs n=55. The total of people evaluated in the meta-analysis was n=70.
The results of the study showed that the use of saffron is a successful approach for treating MDD (major depressive disorder) in short–term use. It has also shown benefits in colon disorders and in patients with irregular menstrual cycles.
Absorption of Infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques were employed to identify compounds.

This study synthesized Bismuth Borate (BB) by one-step precipitation from nano bismuth oxide and Boric acid. FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and Zeta potential characterized the product. This product acts as a photocatalyst to remove Congo red dye (CR) from an aqueous solution, all factors that affect the adsorption process studied (Time, weight of adsorbent, adsorbate concentration, PH, temperature). Model of isotherm adsorption Langmuir and Freundlich, kinetic adsorption, first- and second-order pseudo and thermodynamic values (ΔS, ΔG, ΔH) are studied. Results of the study indicated that the best amount of adsorbent was 0.1 g used against dye, the optimal concentration of CR was 50 mg L-1, and the optimum acidity function was equal to 5.5 with a volume of 100 ml of aqueous solution. Adsorption processes were carried out using distilled water as solvent. Also, this study included calculating adsorption capacity based on optimal conditions obtained by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and max = (196) mg g-1 for (BB), kinetic adsorption following second-order pseudo. Values of thermodynamics (ΔS, ΔG, ΔH) are measured, and the results indicate an increase in system randomness and that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.

A rapid, accurate, precise, simple, economical, and sensitive UV spectrophotometric approach was devised to determine the amount of lidocaine present in pharmaceutical preparations and environmental wastewater samples. This approach exhibits maximum absorbance at 265 nm in 0.1MHCl. Beer's law was followed between 0.05 and 0.7mg/ml. The technique's molar absorptivity has been 45 ×104L.mol-1.cm-1, its relative standard deviation has been no more than 1.0%, and its accuracy (avg. recovery percentage) has been 100 ± 1.10. Lidocaine concentrations in pharmaceutical formulations (ointments) and samples of industrial wastewater were successfully determined using this methodology. Precision and sensitivity tests were used to validate the suggested approach, demonstrating its applicability for routine Lidocaine measurement in real samples.

Polyfused heterocyclic compounds have been performed by using lemon juice as active natural acid catalysis through one of the most important and famous reactions represented by the Biginelli reaction as a one-pot multicomponent reaction using only stirring at room temperature (25°C) as moderated circumstances. Substantially, the reaction started firstly by the action of hydrazine carbohydrazide (1) on the isophorone to achieve the corresponding hydrazone (2) in acidic media from glacial acetic acid, which then underwent intercyclization reaction via grinding technique for (20 minutes) with thiourea in basic media from NaOH (10%) to obtain 3-(2-isopheronyl hydrozonyl)-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3). Finally, the compound (3) proceeded through a one-pot Biginelli reaction with dimedone and substituted benzaldehyde in the presence of the catalytic amount of lemon juice as a natural acidic catalyst to achieve poly fused 1,2,4-triazole pyrimidine derivatives (4-6) in moderate and selective circumstances.

In this research, sixteen samples of dust deposits are collected indoors and outdoors at the two Badoush Cement Factory Expansion and the New Badoush Cement Factory in Mosul city. The aim of the research is identification and estimate the concentrations of the heavy metals in the dust samples emitted from the two Factories and the possibility of reducing the concentration of these metals using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of XRF showed the presence of Titanium, Iron, Nickel, Vanadium, Zinc, Chromium, Zirconium, Ruthenium, Europium, Mercury, Strontium, and Aluminum. Other elements appeared in some samples: Gold, Lead, Palladium, Rubidium, and Rhenium. Lead, Iron, Nickel, and Zinc were detected in the dust; Iron showed a higher content level in all samples; it changed between 72.52 μg/ml in sample 6 to 37.59 μg/ml in sample 1 as a minimum level. Nickel ranged between 1.025 μg/ml in sample 1 to 2.875 μg/ml in sample 5. The highest zinc content was detected in sample 16, 0.7555 μg/ml. Cobalt and cadmium were not detected in all samples.

A particular number of complexes, which include Pd (II), Mn (II), Zn (II), and Ag (I) ions, established from the Schiff base ligand 4,-4-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)aniline) (C26H22N4) as a 1:1 Molar ratio, were synthesized. We prepared the Schiff base by condensing 4,-4-ethylendianiline and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde. and characterized the Schiff base ligand and metal complexes using elemental analysis, melting point determination, molar conductance measurement, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and biological effectiveness evaluation from the infrared spectrum, electronic spectra, and 1HNMR data. The analysis revealed that the Schiff base ligand donates the electrons of nitrogen (N) atoms to the metal ions. The suggested general formula for the obtained complexes is [M(L)] Cln for Pd (II) and Ag (I) metal ions n can be either 1 or 2. and The formul
[M(L) (H2O)2] OAc2 for Mn(II) and Zn(II) metal ions (L) is a Schiff base ligand with the chemical formula C26H22N4. The proposal suggests the existence of a four-coordinated square planar geometry for the Pd(II) and Ag(I) complexes and a six-coordinated octahedral geometry for the Mn(II) and Zn(II) complexes. The molar conductance measurements of all the complexes indicated their electrolytic character. The silver complex has a conductivity as 1:1 ratio and 2:1 for other complexes. In a laboratory setting, we assessed the antibacterial properties of the Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus typhi) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using the Agar disc diffusion method. The antibacterial testing findings demonstrated that the metal complexes displayed a higher level of antibacterial efficacy compared to the unbound Schiff base ligand.