Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

The present work is concerned with study some of the mechanical properties (Brinell hardness, Bending strength, Damping) for a metal matrix composite (Aluminum-powder). Firstly Fabrication and characterization specimens reinforced with rice husk ash (RHA) particles are dealt in the present study. The metal matrix composites (MMC’s) were prepared by addition of (0,1,2,3,4 and 5%) volume fraction of RHA particulates. The best mechanical properties for composite metal matrix at volume fraction (3.7%) R.H.A at hardness (70.76 HB) with bending (97.88 Mpa). Secondly estimated the damping constant and damping ratio in structure which is made volume fraction of R.H.A. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the damping ratio, natural frequency, damping constant of metal matrix composite reinforcement with different volume fraction of R.H.A by forced vibration analysis experimentally and theoretically, damping ratio is determine by using half-power bandwidth method. The damping ratio, natural frequency, damping constant proportional directly with volume fraction of R.H.A, best value for damping ratio (0.012) at volume fraction of R.H.A (5%).

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is one of the latest and most important developments in concrete technology. This research presents experimental study to investigate the influence of three ratios of steel fibers (0, 1 and 2%) and three ratios of silica fume (15, 20 and 25%) on flexural behavior of RPC tee beams. The experimental results showed that steel fibers volumetric ratio is an important parameter in enhancing flexural behavior of tee beams, however as steel fibers volumetric ratio increase from 0 to 2% the first crack load, the ultimate flexural load and the ultimate deflection increased with percentages 55.56%, 57.32%, and 57.88% respectively as compared with nonfiberous RPC T-beams. The tests results also showed that the influence of silica fume ratio in the range of 15 to 25% is less significant.

This study deals with shear behavior of self compacting concrete (SCC) deep beams. The experimental work includes testing eight reinforced concrete simply supported deep beams cast using SCC. All tested beams have dimensions of 100×330×1050 mm and have been subjected to two point loads. The parameters considered are shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d), concrete compressive strength (fʹc) and vertical web reinforcement ratio (v). Test results indicated that the increase in (a/d) ratio from 0.6 to 1 leads to decreases in cracking and ultimate shear strengths by average ratios of 28.6 % and 23.3 % respectively. Increasing (fʹc) from 32.84 MPa to 64.65 MPa leads to increases in the cracking and ultimate shear strengths by average ratios of 11.7 % and 38.8 % respectively. Increasing the vertical web reinforcement ratio (v) from 0.25 % to 0.57 % leads to an increase in the ultimate shear strength by average ratio of 10.1 %. The analytical work includes derivation of new method for predicting ultimate shear strength of SCC deep beams depending on modified strut and tie model with adoption of a circular failure interaction relation. The new method gives high agreement with the experimental results by comparison with the ACI-2011 Code method.

This paper presents the performance study of self-excited single phase induction generator. This generator consists of a three-phase squirrel-cage induction machine and three capacitors connected in series and parallel with a single-phase load. An experimental set up of single phase induction generator driven by dc motor is presented to show the performance of the generator. The generator is tested with resistive, inductive, dynamic and non-linear loads. The results of voltage, frequency and efficiency of induction generator with respect to the output power with different types of loads are obtained. The results show good voltage regulation, small variation in the frequency and high efficiency of induction generator. The harmonic spectrums of output voltage with different types of load are obtained. These spectrums show no waveform distortions (sinusoidal output voltage).

IEEE 802.16d-2004 has been recommended for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) wireless communication based on Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology and Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code (OSTBC) has been moving toward 4G in wireless communication system. In this paper, optimal pre-coding with only covariance feedback is derived using the minimum pair-wise error probability (PEP) criterion and linear and non-linear pre-coders are designed. The proposed pre-coding only requires statistical knowledge of the channel at the transmitter, which significantly reduces feedback requirements. Both linear and non-linear pre-coders achieved much lower bit error rates (BER) and increased Signal-to-Noise Power Ratio (SNR) for WiMAX OSTBC-OFDM in transmit-antenna and path-correlated channels. The proposed non-linear pre-coder better than the linear pre-coder.

Information security is a very important issue in data communication. Any loss or threat to information transfer can prove to be great loss in the process of sending information. Encryption technique plays a main role in information security systems. The advanced encryption standard algorithm is widely accepted due to its strong encryption, complex processing and its resistance to Brute-force attack. This paper presents a proposed algorithm to enhance the encryption process of advanced encryption standard algorithm (AES) by introducing a new algorithm to generate dynamic S-Box from cipher key. This algorithm will lead to generate more secure block ciphers, and solve the problem of the fixed structure S-Boxes and will increase the security level of the AES block cipher system. The main advantage of this algorithm is that many S-Boxes can be generated by changing cipher key. The proposed algorithm leads to increase the complexity of encryption process and makes the differential and linear cryptanalysis more difficult. MATLAB (R2013a) program is used for simulation.

Shear failure of the concrete beam, is undesirable mode of failure because these kinds of failure gives a few warnings, and have disastrous consequences. So this study comes to investigate the mechanism of failure and the maximum loading capacity of rectangular reinforced concrete beam under biaxial shear load through the test of eight reinforced concrete beam. The simple experimental set-up for a simply supported beam under one point loading is introduced in this study by applying the load to the tilted beam. This requires only one hydraulic jack to produce the complicated bi-axial shear loading. The measured ultimate bi-axial shear capacities of reinforced concrete beams with shear reinforcement were separately defined for concrete (Vc) and shear reinforcement (Vs) contributions. Their results were discussed individually with respect to calculation using ellipse function (which is currently used in JSCE design specification) with JSCE code requirement and ACI code requirement. Through the test of four reinforced concrete members with changing the shear reinforcement ratio the results show that the ellipse interaction relation seems to underestimate bi-axial shear capacity of concrete about (119 to 188%) and (43 to 50%) for ACI and JSCE design codes respectively and overestimate bi-axial shear capacity of shear reinforcement of reinforced concrete members with rectangular section by the range of (21) to (6) % and (25) to (11) % for ACI and JSCE code, respectively.

The present work deals with experimental study of an evacuated-tube (all-in-glass) solar collector. The collector consists of 5 evacuated tubes filled with ordinary engine oil. An additional stainless steel pipe is integrated with the tubes to carry the working fluid (water). The steel pipe (through-flow pipe) is bent 5 times to form 5 U-shape turns. Each U-turn is immersed in a single evacuated tube. Oil acts as the heat transfer medium between tube inner surface and the stainless steel pipe outer surface. Experiments are carried out for several values of water mass flow rate and under various meteorological conditions (irradiance, ambient temperature). Results show that the collector exhibits high conversion efficiency and fast response to the affecting parameters (water inlet temperature changes, clouding, replacement of oil) compared to conventional flat-plate collectors. However, the limited number of tubes and the small diameter of the stainless steel pipe combined with its large length (14 m) caused some fluctuations in the water flow rate at the pipe exit. To enhance the performance of the system and make it suitable for higher loads (e.g. for producing superheated steam) the number of evacuated tubes should be increased and the stainless steel pipe diameter is increased and its length decreased.

Experimental work and finite element techniques were used to analyze the tensile and buckling characteristics of carburized low carbon steel columns for different diameters.The back of carburization consists of hardwood charcoal mixed with barium carbonate as the energizer. The specimens were carburized using (30%) of energizers at temperature equal to (900ºC) for 5 five hours.The modulus of elasticity as measured experimentally was used in FEM (ANSYS) to calculate the buckling load. The results of the study showed that the Vickers micro hardness increased from (HV=210) to (HV=525), the tensile strength increased from (708 MPa) to (1065 MPa) and critical buckling load increased from (18.37 kN) to (19.6 kN) for d=8mm. Also critical buckling load increased from (5.8 kN) to (19.2 kN) as the diameter of the carburized low carbon steel column increased from 6mm to 8mm respectively for FEA analysis.

This research is concerned to design electronics circuit which control the appliance using SMS messages by sending with mobile GSM wave to circuits which contain the RX circuit and to convert this wave to input of microcontroller type(PIC18F4550) which programmed by MICRO C language and send to input of array of transistors circuit to operate the relays that connected with the appliance and this messages are written in code received by microcontroller for each address of appliance .The microcontroller programmed to read this messages which stored in Inbox of SIM Card after reading the message the program clear the Inbox contain to stay the inbox empty standing to receive the another message .This system used in wide range to control the home appliance and many embedded control application by using the technology of SMS.

Although neural networks applicable to the solution of robotics control problems are, in fact, neurocontrollers, their function is specialized mainly to provide solutions to robot arm motion problems. In this paper, two types of neural network models are applied for solving a number of robot kinematics problems these types are: Exact Radial Bases Neural Network (RBENN) and General Regression Neural Networks (GRNN). Learning the robot arms motions to achieve the desired final position are the main kinematics tasks covered here. Hardware realization of a Neural Network, to a large extent depends on the efficient implementation of a single neuron. Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA-based reconfigurable computing architectures are suitable for hardware implementation of neural networks. FPGA realization of NNs with a large number of neurons is still a challenging task. This paper also discusses the issues involved in implementation of a multi-input neuron with linear/nonlinear excitation functions using VHDL programming language for FPGA.

This paper gives the Emergency Department (ED) room patient flow using a medium size hospital as a case-study model .The purpose of this paper was to determine the flow of patients through the Emergency case and Elective surgical to identify the data elements required to complete a quantitative analysis of waiting time issues. As this paper devote to building and validation of a simulation model using the discrete event simulation for modeling, analysis, and visualization. The basic model will be extended to simulate the effects of different operating strategies on patient waiting time in the ED.

In this paper a Delta- Omega Power system stabilizer (PSS) is used to damp the inter – area electromechanical oscillation, the simulated system consists of two fully symmetrical areas linked together by two 230 KV tie lines of 300 Km length. Each area is equipped with one identical round rotor generators rated 20 KV/900 MVA. The synchronous machines have identical parameters, in addition to a DC exciters with a gain of 200. The load is represented as constant impedances and split between the areas in such a way that area 1 is exporting 40 MW to area 2. The reference load – flow with Machine 1 (G1) is considered the slack machine and machine 2 (G2) is considered the voltage controlling (PV bus). The simulated system before the disturbance was stressed due to the loading effect of the constant impedances which are applied by the system, so this stressed steady state operating point has caused synchronous machines to undergo electromechanical oscillation (hunting). Simulation results showed that the stabilizer displayed a good performance during large perturbations. The system responses to a three-phase fault cleared in 8 cycles by opening the circuit breakers of the faulted tie line is simulated by Matlab Simulink environment.

The volume of the infrastructure that needs upgrading, strengthening and/or repair is growing worldwide. A strengthen method that was used quite extensively during the mid 1970s is steel Plate Bonding, this method has gained renaissance in the last decades. This paper presents experimental test data with theoretical analyses on the effect of replacing internal tension bars by externally steel plate on its cracking pattern, structural deformations and ultimate strength of concrete beams reinforced with external using mechanical connection technique. The traditional method use the epoxy glues for interfaces bonding while the idea of this new technique is connection the internal shear reinforcement with the external steel plate mechanically. The experimental work includes flexural testing of 100 150 1500mm concrete beams. The test variable included the percentage of replacing the internal reinforcement with external steel plate. Theoretical analyses implemented by ANSYS finite element program for all beams also presented. The results show that beams reinforced with external steel plate behave as a composite action right up to ultimate load and the mode of failure occurs by yielding of external plate not by separation of plate. Replacing the internal by external steel restrains the central deflection with considerable increasing of ultimate moment capacity. The ratio of steel replacement with 33%, 67% and 100% leads to deflection drop with 12.5%, 7.7% and 4.6% respectively. Results show good agreement between the experimental and theoretical output data.

Wrinkling is one of defects in sheet metal forming operations, it is produced by a compressive stress field. The prediction of wrinkling is important for the design of stamping and deep-drawing processes . Wrinkling is unacceptable in the outer skin panels where the final part appearance is crucial. Wrinkling on the mating surfaces can adversely affect the part assembly and part functions, such as sealing and welding. In addition, severe wrinkles may damage or even destroy dies. Therefore, the prediction and prevention of wrinkling are extremely important in sheet metal forming.In this paper the wrinkling limit diagrams for steel , aluminum and aluminum alloy (AA3103 , AA5182) sheets have been determined theoretically using Marciniak-Kuczynski analysis with Hosford anisotropic yield function . The effect of strain hardening exponent, normal anisotropic ratio, Strain rate sensitivity exponent and imperfection factors could be determined theoretically, it is shown that the highest wrinkling limit curve appeared in steel sheet and the lowest curve in aluminum alloy (AA 3103)sheet (low resistance of wrinkling). The increase in each of the value of factors (strain hardening exponent, normal anisotropic ratio, Strain rate sensitivity exponent and imperfection factor) improve the resistance sheet against wrinkling.Keywords :Wrinkling is one of defects in sheet metal forming operations, it is produced by a compressive stress field. The prediction of wrinkling is important for the design of stamping and deep-drawing processes . Wrinkling is unacceptable in the outer ......

The main objective of this research is to development a mathematical model for predicating the construction productivity of floor using artificial neural perceptron network ANPN, because the methods currently used to estimation the productivity such as the personal experience, is a traditional methods inaccurate. Therefore, it can be adopt new and advanced techniques to predicating the productivity construction with accurate, speed and ease of use.In this research have been identified ten independent variables affect on the construction productivity of floor, the data collection from construction project in Mosul (Iraq) through the design of the data collection form (Form measurement of work). In this research, One model was built for the prediction the total productivity of building project. A number of issues in relation to ANPN construction such as the effect of ANPN geometry and internal parameters on the performance of ANNs models were investigated. Information on the relative importance of the factors affecting the above productivity parameters predictions were presented and practical equations for the predictions of the above construction productivity were developed.. It was found that ANPNs have the ability to predict the Total productivity for finishing works for building project with a good degree of accuracy of the coefficient of correlation (R) was 96.2%, and average accuracy percentage of 96.4%.