Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences

The research cared with diagnosis the role of climate psychological
variable dimensions ( ) as a interpretative variable and performance dimensions
(Financial perspective, Customer Perspective, Internal process Perspective,
Learning & Growth Perspective) as a dependent variable, conducted in a
number of colleges of the University of Karbala as selected random sample of
employees amounted to strong (250) employees polled by questionnaire prepared
for this purpose, used Nonparametric statistical tools test hypotheses, to reach a
number of conclusions and recommendations of the task.

This study deals with human resource management strategies as the
main effective variable in organizational performance. It depends on the
dimensions of this variable viz recruitment, training, development, motivation
and performance evaluation. This variable is an independent one. The
researcher identified the main variables of human resource management
strategies that include effectiveness, efficiency, development, satisfaction,
innovation and quality. The study aims at investigating the relation between
through human resource management strategies and organizational
performance.
The study was conducted in the Iraqi Drilling company in Basra because
of its role in Iraqi economy in which oil is considered as the main source of
national income. This company is the only one specialized in this field in Iraq
and it is a known competitor with such international companies. The random
sample of the study involves 70 mid- level managers. The study is based on two
main hypotheses related to testing the relation and effect among the variables
that are investigated and it is applied to test these hypotheses and to obtain
results by using the ready statistical programs of SPSS.
The study uses a questionnaire form as its key tool to collect data and
information through employing the five- fold likert scale. The study find to being
correlation and impact for human resource management strategies on
organizational performance and introduce nuimeral from recommendations.

The current research aims to know the causes that lead to the failure of change
programs in the organization, which are a result of the cynicism that exists
among the number of employees in the organization. Because of the lack of
confidence in the programs of change made by the top management or the fear
that such programs may harm their interests or lack of clarity in the objectives
of the programs change by the top management, which makes individuals cynics
resistance to change by doing a number of negative behaviors toward the
organization and the individuals working in Organization. Which is the reason
for the failure of change programs because of cynicism toward change programs
was based on research on the basic premise that that there is a relationship
following a statistically significant after taunts about change on the behavior of
negative work either the most important conclusions reached by the research
show that cynicism towards change directly affects the behavior of negative work
and increase either the most important recommendations they need to work on
clarifying the goals of the change by top management hold a dialogue with
individuals cynics to know the reasons for their resistance to change.

The research aims to evaluate the level of accounting
information quality from the perspective of preparers and users , So a criteria
for measuring accounting information quality was proposed (qualitative
characteristics of accounting information, accounting disclosure and over sight
role , accounting standards and behavioral characteristics ).In the practical side
which involved two sections , the level of quality was evaluated the researcher
concluded that there, was significant variance between point of view of preparers
and investors in their evaluation of accounting information quality level ,the
researcher recommended that the financial reports preparers should take in
consideration capabilities and cultures of investors , and apply standards of
accounting information quality that meet investors needs

The analysis and interpretation of changes in asset prices in financial markets,
has adopted a long period of time on the theories of traditional financial
adopting assumptions that rational investors in these markets and the difficulty
of achieving abnormal profits or superiority in the market in light of the
availability of information to all and uniformity in the interpretation of this
information by investors . But the new entrance in a financial behavioral finance
has proved not as rational investors like traditional financial say and there are
many deviations from rational behavior to them when making the decision
because of the suffering of some of the cognitive and psychological biases that
affect the decision-making process. Hence the study was based on the problem
represented investors in the stock markets suffering from cognitive biases that
may lead them to increases the risk when they making decisions without
adequate compensation for the return. The study tried to show the role played
by biases overconfidence and herd behavior and Over optimism in the decision-
making process for investors in the stock market. The study adopted a
questionnaire to measure these biases and conducted on a sample of investors in
the Iraqi's stock exchange amounted to 107 from investors. Statistical methods
were used to help the researcher to detect the presence of these biases and their
impact on the decision-making process. The study found that excessive
confidence and herd behavior and excessive optimism statistically significant
effect on the decision-making process dimensions consisting of trading volume
and the level of diversification and the attitude toward risk.

Testing this research the role for Job Embeddedness represented dimensions three (links, and sacrifice, and Fitting) in the level of organizational cynicism dimensions (belief, emotion, and behavior) in the Department of Health Karbala, data was collected using the tool-resolution sample of staff in the department numbered (106) individual . For the purpose of testing hypotheses and achieve the goals of the research used a set of statistical tools such as coefficient Cronbach alpha and reliability coefficient compound and simple correlation
coefficient and multiple regression analysis stepwise, The results showed a
correlation negative effect between Job Embeddedness and the level of cynicism
organizational, and in the light of these results formulated a set of conclusions
and recommendations aimed at was the most important to reduce organizational
behavior cynicism by strengthening Job Embeddedness.
Keywords: Job Embeddedness, community Embeddedness, organizational
Embeddedness, organizational cynicism

This study is taking a role of marketing , within the relations, describe it as an
independent variable in its dimensions (measurements) as if (Trust ,
commentment, communication and the satisfaction), to a chive the customer’s
loyalty by describing it as a "variable" depending on its figures or indicators
represented by ( behaviors and situations ) as an exploration and analysis study
to a certain opinions for certain , commercials and private sectors of Iraqi banks.
While this study tried to give answers to all queries: like :-
-what is the level of performing the marketing within the relations in the
commercial and private sectors of Iraqi banks , within the study and the range of
concerning to its dimensions ?
-what is the level of concerning of these banks within the study of the indicators
of the client loyalty?
-what is the level of clients loyalty for who are dealing with private sector banks ,
combined with the study ?
-is there any relation influence between the marketing and the indicators of
client’s loyalty?
-This study is looking for achieving certain aims like as :-
1- Detect the range of banking performance under the study of marketing
connected to relations .
2-Identiy the level of customer’s loyalty in the banks under study .
3-Test the affects between the marketing and its relation with the customers
loyalty .
To achieve the aims of the study , hypothetical ( diagram ) . it was constructed ,
determined the nature of relation in between , the independent variable and
dependent one, and emerge through it , some main hypothesis were tested by
using flocks of statistics means of the commercial and private sector of Iraqi
banks presented by ( Baghdad Al-shimal Al- eqtissad Al-mutahed Al-
Ahliee Al- Mansoor ) as a field to do the study and “exam” its hypothesis and
it used the” questionnaire form” as a main tool to collect the data which is
related with that field , it was contributed on a sample went to(90) from
employees and clients in these banks within the study .This study reached to a
certain conclusion , the mpst important of it :-
-there is a relation influence objected statistics indicator in between the strategy
of marketing with the relations and the client loyalty for these commercial and
private sector Iraqi banks within the study .The study went out with a certain
recommendations first of it :- ( to do the application in marketing and the
relations , requires support the top management , to publish and depend the
banking culture , concentrate on the service of the customer )

Banks are the backbone of economic life in any country and that because of the
vital roles and jobs in the economy, since banks are the most important financial
institutions, which play a pivotal role in the development of countries , under the
great progress that the world is witnessing in the field of information and
communication technology has intensified the pressure on financial institutions
in general, and specifically banking in order to keep up with the requirement of
modern banking so you can survive and succeed in a world of increasing change
culture at the level of the bank and the customer.
This study seeks to achieve the following objectives :
1. Determine the level of interest of commercial banks with the electronic
banking services and the expansion of the update, and keep up with
global development
2. Recognize the reality of electronic banking and the main indicators in some
commercial banks in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
3. Measuring the impact of electronic banking indicators in the financial
performance indicators of the study sample banks
According to the above came this study to demonstrate the impact of electronic
banking as an independent variable with its indicators of (number of Automatic
Teller Machines (ATMs) , the number of Automatic Teller Machine cards , the
number of the Bank spokesman subscribers , the number of correspondent
banks, revenue of credit cards, number of credit cards granted (Master Card
and Visa Card )) in the financial performance indicators of the study sample
banks as a dependent variable ( profitability, liquidity, capital adequacy and
capital investment indicator ) , as a practical study in a sample of Jordanian
banks .
In order to achieve the objectives of this study was to develop a supposal
diagram determines the nature of the relationship between the independent
variables and the dependent variables , in order to reveal the nature of this
relationship was formulated several hypotheses were tested using advanced
statistical methods, by using statistical software (SPSS), has been selected sample
of Jordanian banks to conduct the study and test its hypotheses, since the study
included the following banks (the Housing Bank for Trade and Finance, Arab
Bank, Al Ahli Bank , Bank of Cairo Amman), and used the annual reports as a
main tool in the collection of data related to field side for the study sample
banks for the years (2000 – 2011).
: The study found several conclusions standing on her head
1. The presence of a statistical correlation between indicators electronic banking
and financial performance indicators of the study sample banks .
3. The presence of a significant effect of electronic banking indicators in financial
performance indicators of the study sample banks . Depending on
the conclusions were drafting some of the most important recommendation:
1. Call legal and legislative bodies in Jordan to enact legislation or laws
governing the operation of electronic banking and services to protect the
transacting parties or to update existing laws and adapted way that makes it
valid and open on electronic banking and other electronic services . 2. Study
of new services to competition in the Kingdom of Jordan , specifically banks
electronic order literacy level of electronic services and to maintain the
competitive position of the bank compared to its peers and that the adoption of
technology in the field of electronic banking pays the bank to improve its
performance and thus maintain its competitive position in the banking market

This paper deals with constructing a single acceptance sampling plans (n = k r, c) when the time to failure is considered random variable, following Lomax distribution with three parameter (a:shape parameter, λ: scale parameter, 8: location parameter) where the parameters (α,λ) are estimated using maximum likelihood method, while the third parameter (8) is considered constant. The designed plan are constructed using the probability of acceptance. Taking a censored type one sampling under consideration all the derivation and results are explained in the research.

The objective of this research is determine the role of dimensions concurrent
engineering in promoting competitive priorities, and in order to achieve this ,was
adopting four dimensions concurrent engineering : (parallelism, standardization,
integration, optimization), was expresses competitive priorities dimensions (cost,
quality, flexibility, delivery / time),The research tried to answer several question,
including : is there a role of dimensions concurrent engineering in promoting
competitive priorities? The research was conducted in men clothing factory in
Holy Najaf, where the information was obtained through a questionnaire
prepared for this purpose and distributed to a sample of (60 ) included senior
and junior managers and bosses and their assistants, heads of departments and
divisions from the factory studied it was adoption of a number of statistical
methods the simple regression test (f) to determine the signification of the
regression equation, has also been used(R2
) to explain the amount of the impact
of the independent variables in the variable adopted.
The research found a number of conclusions, including:
 - Having a significant impact moral dimensions of concurrent engineering in
promoting priorities competitive.
 - The need to adoption methods of production modern and supporting from
through implement in manufacturing.

The research on its the theoretical part dealt with the concept of organizational
culture and its properties and the factors influencing them in addition to the
concept of job performance and its types and elements, while the practical side
interested instating the level of the organizational culture prevalent in the Al-
Diwaniyah department of Agriculture, the most important dimensions and
indicate its impact and its relationship with organizational performance, and
that depending on the answers of the members of sample on the questionnaire
Distributed to them that have been analyzed using a number of statistical
techniques. The study found a number of results, including:
1. The level of organizational culture and organizational performance was
average.
2.Job performance had been affected by organizational culture in addition to the
existence of a positive correlation between the two.
3. The absence of significant differences in the answers of the members of the
sample to the phrases of the organizational culture attributed to the
demographic characteristics of the sample and to those findings the
researcher provided a set of guidelines and suggestions that will help in building
an organizational culture strong and influential.

The multiplicity and the large financial ratios that used in financial analysis
which pay researchers to find a set of models that will predict the financial
position of the company for the coming years . These models named as models of
financial failure , so this study focused on a group of test these models to
determine their compatibility with the Iraqi financial environment . It’s fact that
most of investors in the Iraqi market for securities Face difficulty in discovering
the possibility of the company stumbled financially or not , which pushes them
into the reluctance or reduce the size of the capital invested in financial assets .
This reflects negatively on the economy as a whole . thus the importance of the
study to test the best models can be used in the Iraqi market for securities to
predict the financial failure of the listed companies in this market that are more
realistic and credible for the detection of financial failure for companies , as
study was divided into four axis which it addressed the first structure of
procedure of the study , while limited the second axis on the theoretical
framework for the study while addressing the third axis the practical side of her
the study concluded to a set of conclusions and recommendations.

This Research aimed at determining the influence of Knowledge Management
on the Achieving Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Iraqi Organizations.
For this purpose the researcher has depended on the dimensions/Processes of
Knowledge Management (Knowledge Generating, Knowledge Storage,
Knowledge Distribution, Knowledge Application) according to
(Goldoni&Oliveira,2010:302). The dimensions of Sustainable Competitive
Advantage (Value, Rarity, Inimitability, Non-Substitutability) that have been
used are according to (Johnson,etal.,2012:54). The Zain Company for
Communications has been chosen to verify this Research via a questionnaire
used (30) individuals of the managers of the company , in addition to personal
interviews. The Spearman connection factor , and the (t) test to recognize the
identity of this relation, and the (F) test to determine the identity of the
regression equation , also the (R
2
) has been used to explain the degree of the
influence of the independent variable in the dependent variable . Some of the
most important conclusions the study arrived at are that Knowledge
Management have a significant impact in achieving Sustainable Competitive
Advantage. The study has been concluded with a number of recommendations
,some of which are :
 Analyzing capabilities and recourse in the company by VRIN in a wider
scope in the light of changing technology environment which is characterized
by highly level of competition.
 Consolidating the talent human resources and capabilities they have high
level of expertise to Innovation and creative in company.
 Keeping a high level of new technologies that allow company to provide new
service that giving value to its customers, in a way that achieve Sustainable
Competitive Advantage.
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