Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

Development remains governed by science and the ability of scientists to use the precise scientific method and use the means that contribute effectively to the development of all areas of life, including the field of sports and physical education, which is one of the important areas of life that is in direct contact with human life and becomes through that contact and proximity of importance so that development must appear in this field due to the strong desire of man to develop and advance the physical and athletic level. Biomechanics contributes to finding ways to bring about this development in this vital field by developing the athletic level in a tangible way. The game of handball, which is one of the team games with multiple offensive and defensive skills, and biomechanics tries to add a touch of development to its technical performance by analyzing the parts of the skill and thus introducing some changes to it in a manner that is consistent with the nature of the skill performance and the anatomical aspects of the human body. This, of course, must be subject to mechanical laws that man cannot exceed. The skill of shooting with a handball is governed by mechanical laws and biological conditions and is one of the most important skills if it is not the main axis that distinguishes that sport. The requirements of the planning work and the defensive method used are what determine the type of shooting. Shooting from a jump is one of the types of shooting that is widely used, and the type of shooting from a jump forward and from a jump upward, which are similar in some parts of the skill, if not in all its stages, and this is what prompted the researcher to study the differences between the performance of these two types of shooting in order to find the most important differences that are difficult to determine through observation and convert them into quantitative values ​​that become a basic foundation for the training and educational process and contribute to increasing the efficiency of skill performance and what accompanies this process of strengthening the verbal means of communication that the coach performs for the mechanical performance variables that are a feature of this type or that. From the above, the research attempted to enrich the sports library in the values ​​of these kinematic variables in order to contribute to diagnosing technical errors objectively, in addition to providing coaches with general and special cases that affect the physical and technical development of players.

Is the physical, physiological training of the most important pillars on which it relies in the development of the player whether or EmSeta access comes ahead of the achievement in relation to the sportsmen and young people from juniors to advanced through the highest efficiency Anjasais in training and competitions.
The exercises used are not sufficient to develop the level of physical performance and Alvesiwlwji of the research sample, and also to use not good for the sections of the module according to scientific methodology and training Bmanyakhar any lack of training of the research sample Radial Enaasrallyakh to develop some of the specific physical and physiological training units in the GATT researcher to use Radial drills in order to identify their impact on some elements of special physical fitness and physiological responses to young tennis players.
The aim of the research to: - Preparation of training circular for the development of some elements of physical fitness and physiological in tennis players for young people.
- Understand the impact of the training ring in the development of some elements of physicalfitness.
- Understand the impact of the training ring in the development of some physiological indicators. The areas of research were: the human sphere j Peshmerga youthtennisball-SulaymaniyahGovernorate.
-Temporalarea:Theamountof / / 2009 until / / 2009.
-Spatialdomain:HallclosedPeshmergaclubsports.
As for the research community and appointed by: Has been selected for the Sports ClubplayersPeshmergatennisball.
Was homogeneity in (length. Weight, age training) and the equality of the sample in thephysicalandphysiologicalvariables.
After collecting the data was for the items that got 75% Mmassaaada, namely: --
1-explosivepower.
2-Thespeedoftransition.
3-Mtaulpspeed
4-speedofresponsedynamics.
The researcher concluded the following:
1 - The proposed program has a positive impact on improving the physical and functional attributes under study.
2 - the emergence of significant differences between the results of tests before and after the two groups in the variables of physical and functional tests and for a posteriori in all test variables except the vertical jump and agility of the control group students.
3 - the emergence of significant differences between the results of a posteriori tests in physical and physiological variables and for the experimental group.
The researcher recommends the following:
1 - the possibility of adopting the application of training ring by researchers to develop the physical and functional variables under study.
2 - the attention of trainers tests adopted by the researcher as an indicator to measure the variables of physical and functional.
3 - the proposed extension of the program on samples similar to the research community.
4 - Apply the procedures of the proposed program on the stages of different age for both sexes.

This study aims to :
1- Manufacturing Apparatus ( pommel horse ) assisting in learning swing scissor on pommel horse and prepare a curricula for this Apparatus .
2- Identify the differences between the results of tests of swing scissor on pommel horse ( prior, intermediate and posterior ) for two groups ( The control and empiric ) .
3- Identify the differences between two groups the empiric and control in the results of the tests of swing scissor on pommel horse posterior .
The researcher applied empirical curricula on the pattern was elected intentionally included eight athletes trained at Gymnastic training center of South Sort Club their ages are ranged from 11 to 13 years as it is divided randomly applying lotto method dividing them into even groups; four athletes per each group . Upon identifying the individuals of the pattern by its two groups ( the empiric and control) it is made the prior tests on Tuesday ; Oct.07,2008 and applied the main empiric on Wednesday; Oct.08,2008 for 10 weeks including 20 educational units ; 2 units per a week , the time of each unit was 26-28 minutes only for the main part while the educational units were done on all Apparatus normally as per the program appointed by the technical committee of the federation so that the empiric group was subjected for the practice of educational curricula applying manufactured Apparatus ( pommel horse ) while the control group for traditional curricula practice . After completion 20 educational units by each group it was re-test them again on Tuesday ; Dec.16,2008 upon processing data by computer applying SPSS VER 11 Software , it is concluded the following :
1- The results of two groups in the posterior tests showed that manufactured Apparatus has the superiority rather than the traditional due to its activity in learning swing scissor on pommel horse .
2- The educational curricula prepared by the researcher was suitable for the ages of the pattern, and the nature of applying manufactured Apparatus as shown in the important results of the research .
Recommendations :
1- Instructing to apply manufactured Apparatus ( pommel horse ) at gymnastic halls and training centers .
2- Repairing other auxiliary Apparatuses to learn the required skills on other remaining Apparatuses of gymnastics .

This study is an attempt at finding out the extent to which a number of body and physical changes affect the function of the breathing reserve of young boxers.
Aims
(A)This work aims at finding out the extent to which each of the following affects the breathing reserve of young boxers.
1. Thoracic cage
2. Neck
3. Shoulder Scapula and
4.Pelvis
(B) It also aims at finding out the effect of each of the following:
1.Speed power of the abdominal muscles
2. Speed power of the back the muscle.

Tools of Data Collection
1. Three body independable variables, three independable physical variables and one dependable variable; namely, the function of the breathing reserve, have been investigated here.
2. The sample consists of 20 subjects who are young medium light-weight young boxers.
3. The Partial Correlation technique has been applied to arrive at the statistical significance according to SPSS program.

Display and analysis of results
The results of the effect of the following on the breathing reserve of young boxers have been displayed and analyzed:
1. Body change and
2. Physical change.

Conclusions As far as the breathing reserve is concerned, the effect of the body aspects has been found to be of the highest significance in the thoracic cage (%67.31) and the neck (%57.8) but The effect of the physical aspects has been found of the highest significance in the elasticity longitudinal skeleton elasticity ( %73.22) and the fast power of the abdominal muscles (%66.4). The third significant bodily effect has been found to be represented by the horizontal or longitudinal skeleton elasticity (%50.2)

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of organizing the learning process using random and serial exercises to teach breaststroke movements. It also aims at identifying the best exercises style used in learning breaststroke movements. The researcher used the experimental method. He hypothesized that there are significant statistical differences in the results of learning breaststroke movements after using random and serial exercises. The subjects were two experimental groups from the college of physical education/ University of Baghdad. Each group consisted of (20) students. The groups were divided into two; the first one use random exercises and the second use serial exercises. The researcher used the standardized breaststroke tests to identify the level of learning correct breaststroke movement through two aspects first by identify the level of achievements by measuring the distance that the learner covers during the test and second by evaluating the quality of motor performance through the evaluations of the teachers.
The researcher concluded that using serial and random exercises have positive effects on learning breaststroke movements as well as using random exercises is better and more effective in learning the movements mentioned earlier.
Finally, the researcher concluded using more than one teaching style in organizing the learning process of swimming skills. He also recommended concentrating on using random exercises in teaching swimming, especially breaststroke, to achieve the best results at the end of the learning process.

The researcher noted through the follow-up to basketball game , lack of attention to the emotional situation, a weak psychological attention to the guidance has therefore resorted to the researcher to develop a curriculum guide to improving the emotional situation of the basketball players young people in order to have a scientific approach to the trainers can benefit from it in improving the situation of emotional players as well as for detection of the impact of this approachtopsychosocialskillsofyoungplayers.

Sports have become one of the important activities that occupy the mind of man. As it is one of the vital aspects that contribute to his recreation. Therefore, we see that the interest of scientists and specialists is largely focused on developing this important aspect of human life. Therefore, sciences have entered as important elements in developing this aspect, and biomechanics has had great contributions to the development of sports activities. As this science was present in modifying and correcting many of the skills that are the basis for practicing these activities, and this science had touches in developing the skill performance in volleyball. From time to time, we see the entry of a new technique or tactic into this game. Recently, the undulating serve from the jump has appeared, which combines the stages of the crushing serve and the method of hitting the ball in the undulating serve, which requires the theory of undulating the ball and disrupting the pressure inside the ball, and thus the ball moves differently than it is with undulation, and it has become used for tactical purposes and abundantly in recent times.

The intensity of sports competitions led to the use of many different studies with the aim of raising the level of sports performance, and this was a direct reason for the use of stimulants, which were resisted by the International Olympic Committee, and this was an incentive for scientists to search and explore safe alternatives that could have a positive impact on the level of performance and sports results, and athletes used different types of prepared foods such as providing "carbohydrates or amino acids or creatine and others, which are one of the main elements for the success of sports performance in general and speed games in particular" (1) "Creatine works to quickly rebuild ATP during the performance of physical activities that depend on the anaerobic power system, and it also works as a vital buffer inside the cell to get rid of hydrogen ions resulting from the anaerobic system, and the ATP that was formed inside the mitochondria carries the aerobic system outside it in the muscle fiber (2). Due to the importance of creatine, as mentioned previously, the researcher tried to know its effect according to the physical biochemical variables To guide both coaches and athletes in explaining the importance of this topic.

The development in all areas of life is the result that anyone can obtain by following the development of the current era, which has made life easy in many aspects, and sports activity and practicing sports games is a matter of our current life and a prominent and important position in the lives of nations and peoples. Life has wanted to provide people with many activities and events in which they show their abilities in these fields \"sports activities\". There is no doubt that the rapid development witnessed by the sports field in all its activities and events did not come from a vacuum, but rather the intervention of the scientific side in all its branches of sound planning and field study is what made the levels of its practice on a rapid scale of high results and special abilities that have come to distinguish individuals from excellence and success in types of sports activity.

Sports have evolved to become one of the important foundations in the lives of modern societies because they are essential needs. Among these sports is football, which enjoys great importance and care because it is the first game in the world due to its wide popularity among all societies and countries, where young and old people and from different social and cultural levels want to play and watch it. The success of this game and the development of its results are closely linked to each of the player, administrator, coach and referee. However, looking at those decisions issued by the football referee, they form a total evaluation of the efforts of each of the administrator, coach and player in the competition arena according to the role that each of them plays in light of the law. There is no doubt that the responsibility placed on the shoulders of football referees exceeds all the responsibilities borne by the player, coach or administrator. Speed ​​of perception, speed of determination, firmness, recognition in decision-making and self-confidence play a direct role in showing the referee at a good level. Al-Mandlawi and Mahjoub (1982) indicate that practical thinking is based on the speed of decision-making (1) and avoiding errors in implementing sports systems during competitions, which is a law of the rules of the game. As a constitution for it, an embodiment of its features, and a light that illuminates the path for its practitioners, including referees, coaches, and players, the player’s behavior must be addressed when he is exposed to a certain situation, namely the referees’ decisions during sports competitions, and the motives that indicate this behavior and move him toward objecting to these decisions as an obstacle to achieving his goals, as behind every behavior there is a difficult motive, and it is natural that change and modification in the individual’s behavior will not occur without knowing his true motives, because motives are something essential, and without them learning will not begin (2). Hence, the importance of research into identifying football players’ objections to referees’ decisions during sports competitions comes to diagnose them objectively, not relying on personal vision, and then developing treatments and solutions.

Reaching global sports levels has become one of the manifestations of social and cultural progress and advancement. The sports field is considered one of the scientific fields that is distinguished by its multiple activities, which attracts many researchers to delve into its studies and try to reach the best solutions. Their way to do this is to follow scientific methods in various types of sports activities. There is no doubt that the effectiveness of football, like any other game, has its various basic principles, which depend on proper planning in training methods to master them. The success and progress of any team depends - to some extent - on the adequacy of the players' performance, whose characteristics, skills and capabilities must be compatible with the training requirements, the effect of which remains related to the players' morphological specifications. This requires serious attention to these physical measurements, in addition to attention to the physical characteristics enjoyed by football players (young people), which make them highly capable of qualifying them to perform skills well, including the skill of scoring. Physical measurements help in identifying the similarity and difference in the physical composition of the practitioner of different sports, and they provide the possibility of determining the level and characteristics of physical growth and studying its development under the influence of practicing different physical activities.

Tests and measurements occupy a large space in sports work, at the level of championships and popular sports, as well as therapeutic and recreational sports. This importance increases with the increase in scientific development, technical progress, and increased competition, and the importance of sports results for countries and individuals because they are the qualitative and quantitative standard for the effectiveness and success of sports programs and the ability of those responsible for implementing and charting the path for them to follow towards achieving goals. Through tests, we can identify the general and specific training status and know the dynamics of development and advancement of sports results, study the forms of training planning and directing it, evaluate typical training, follow up on stages, determine the correct status of the player, and diagnose the case of overtraining... Tests are the basic foundation on which the effectiveness of plans and their success are built and the extent to which they achieve the goals set for them in various areas and fields of life. Because they are the lens that reveals to us the location of strengths and weaknesses, and draws methods of treatment and correction of errors and their method.