Ibn Al-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences

Two field experiments were performed to study the response of two species , Nigella sativa
L. and Nigella arvensis L. within different sowing dates at spring and autumn seasons which
included 1st and 20th March, 10th April and 1st May for spring season, while the sowing dates
for the autumn season were, 2nd November, 21st November, 11th December, 31stDecember and
20thJanuary. Both experiments conducted according to the Completely Randomized Block
Design (CRBD) within three replications at hallabja/Kurdistan Region, located [35°12'48.7"N;
45°57'34.4"E] and the altitude was 596 masl. Results showed that among the four different
sowing dates of spring cultivations, both species were responded to only 1st and 20th March
date with some superiority of the 1st March, otherwise the survival and their yield were not
acceptable at sowing date later than 20th March, while at the autumn cultivation, both species
responded to all sowing date, but not to be later than 31st December, the early dates 2nd
November and 21st November were showed significant differences in most yield traits. The
result of the study showed that, due to the favorable environmental condition and the longer
period of growth at autumn cultivation, most of the yield traits were gained significant values
as the average of both species and different sowing dates of autumn compared to that occurred
at spring cultivations. Some chemical contents of both species under the different
environment conditions showed significant differences. Generally, N. sativa compared to N.
arvensis contained more significant chemical compounds in the term of carbohydrates and
protein at autumn, fixed and volatile oils at spring.

Fraxinus ornus L. is considered as a special species that is frequently planted as a decorative
tree in most of the country. The cross-sections of the root and stem are circular in shape and in
the secondary growth stage, the vascular tissue in the root and stem consists of secondary xylem
in radial rows and the type of vessels in the xylem are ring pours wood. Epidermal cells of leaves
undulate on the upper and lower side, hairs are uniseriate and unicellular and the stomata
appeared in the abaxial surface only is anomocytic type. The vertical-section of blade leaf
includes upper epidermis and lower epidermis followed by the palisade layer and spongy layers.
The cross-section of petiole horseshoe shape and the vascular bundles are covered by
sclerenchyma cells and distributed as groups.

Cancer constitutes a serious disease and a major health problem in worldwide, a lot of people
were infected with this dangerous disease, Therefore, there must be attention to this disease
through diagnosis and prevention there. In this study, we determined the relationship between the
Cancer and the concentration of trace elements by comparing the concentration trace elements
for infected and non-infected people. The trace elements concentrations to nails are one of the
diagnostic criteria that easily to detect and dated this disease without any harm to the patient.
Eight nails samples were collected from cancer-infected and eight samples from non-infected of
the relatives of first-degree. All samples were measured by the concentration’s elements using Xray
fluorescence. The accuracy and precision were verified using standard samples. The results
showed that the average concentrations of elements (Magnesium, silicon, potassium, calcium,
ironand selenium,) were lower for cancer patients than their non-infected relatives and the trace
elements (zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, manganese) were higher for cancer patients
than their non-infected relatives. In conclusion, we need further studies to confirm the
relationship between trace elements and cancer disease and attention the effect of diet and
environmental risk of cancer.

CuAlTe2 thin films were evaporation on glass substrates using the technique of thermal
evaporation at different range of thickness (200,300,400and500) ±2nm. The structures of
these films were investigated by X-ray diffraction method; showing that films possess a good
crystalline in tetragonal structure. AFM showed that the grain size increased from (70.55-
99.40) nm and the roughness increased from (2.08-3.65) nm by increasing the thickness from
(200-500) nm. The optical properties measurements, such as absorbance, transmtance,
reflectance, and optical constant as a function of wavelength showed that the direct energy
gap decreased from (2.4-2.34) eV by the gain of the thickness.

Polyacetal was synthesized from the reaction of Polyethylene glycol with 4- dimethyl
aminobenzaldehyde. Polymer metal complex was synthesized by the reaction with Ag+;
polymer blend with polyvinyl alcohol was synthesized solution casting technique. All
synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR in addition to the antimicrobial activity.
The FT-IR spectra indicate the formation of the polyacetal. The DSC results indicate the
thermal stability regarding the synthesized polymer blends. The synthesized polyacetal, its
metal complex and PA blend against four types of bacteria (gram+ve) Staphylococcus aureas,
Bacillus subtilis and (gram –ve) Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia Coli were evaluated.
The results revealed that the polyacetal-Ag complex has the greater potential against all kinds
of bacteria than polyacetal and polymer blend.

New nano composites containing Schiff bases have been synthesized and presented in this
paper. All compounds have been categorized through FT-IR and some of them by H-NMR
spectroscopy. The antibacterial performance of the prepared compounds has been investigated
according to the agar diffusion method. The compounds (P1, P2, C1, and C2) have shown, in
general, significant inhibition against bacterial.

In this work, the notion Ňẛ pre g openset is defined by using nano topological space and
some properties of this set are studied also, nano ẛ pre g δ set and nano ẛ pre g μ closedset are
two concepts that are defined by using Ňẛ pre g open set; many examples have been cited to
indicate that the reverse of the propositions and remarks is not achieved. In addition, new
application example of nano ẛ pre g closed set was studied.

The concept ⊕-s-extending modules will be purpose of this paper, a module M is ⊕-
s-extending if each submodule in M is essential in submodule has a supplement that is
direct summand. Initially, we give relation between this concept with weakly supplement
extending modules and ⊕-supplemented modules. In fact, we gives the following
implications:
Lifting modules ⟹ ⊕-supplemented modules ⟹ ⊕-s-extending modules ⟹ weakly
supplement extending modules.
It is also we give examples show that, the converse of this result is not true. Moreover, we
study when the converse of this result is true.

Suppose that F is a reciprocal ring which has a unity and suppose that H is an F-module.
We topologize La-Prim(H), the set of all primary La-submodules of H , similar to that for
FPrim(F), the spectrum of fuzzy primary ideals of F, and examine the characteristics of this
topological space. Particularly, we will research the relation between La-Prim(H) and La-
Prim(F/ Ann(H)) and get some results.

In this research, our aim is to study the optimal control problem (OCP) for triple nonlinear
elliptic boundary value problem (TNLEBVP). The Mint-Browder theorem is used to prove
the existence and uniqueness theorem of the solution of the state vector for fixed control
vector. The existence theorem for the triple continuous classical optimal control vector
(TCCOCV) related to the TNLEBVP is also proved. After studying the existence of a unique
solution for the triple adjoint equations (TAEqs) related to the triple of the state equations, we
derive The Fréchet derivative (FD) of the cost function using Hamiltonian function. Then the
theorems of necessity conditions and the sufficient condition for optimality of the constraints
problem are proved.

In this paper, the continuous classical boundary optimal control problem (CCBOCP) for
triple linear partial differential equations of parabolic type (TLPDEPAR) with initial and
boundary conditions (ICs & BCs) is studied. The Galerkin method (GM) is used to prove the
existence and uniqueness theorem of the state vector solution (SVS) for given continuous
classical boundary control vector (CCBCV). The proof of the existence theorem of a
continuous classical boundary optimal control vector (CCBOCV) associated with the
TLPDEPAR is proved. The derivation of the Fréchet derivative (FrD) for the cost function
(CoF) is obtained. At the end, the theorem of the necessary conditions for optimality
(NCsThOP) of this problem is stated and proved.

In this paper, several types of space-time fractional partial differential equations has been
solved by using most of special double linear integral transform” double Sumudu ”. Also, we
are going to argue the truth of these solutions by another analytically method “invariant
subspace method”. All results are illustrative numerically and graphically

In this paper, we present a Branch and Bound (B&B) algorithm of scheduling (n) jobs on a
single machine to minimize the sum total completion time, total tardiness, total earliness,
number of tardy jobs and total late work with unequal release dates. We proposed six heuristic
methods for account upper bound. Also, to obtain lower bound (LB) to this problem we
modified a (LB) select from literature, with (Moore algorithm and Lawler's algorithm). And
some dominance rules were suggested. Also, two special cases were derived. Computational
experience showed the proposed (B&B) algorithm was effective in solving problems with up to
(16) jobs, also the upper bounds and the lower bound were effective in restricting the search

This paper concerned with estimation reliability (???????????? for K components parallel system of
the stress-strength model with non-identical components which is subjected to a common
stress, when the stress and strength follow the Generalized Exponential Distribution (GED)
with unknown shape parameter α and the known scale parameter θ (θ=1) to be common.
Different shrinkage estimation methods will be considered to estimate ???????? depending on
maximum likelihood estimator and prior estimates based on simulation using mean squared
error (MSE) criteria. The study approved that the shrinkage estimation using shrinkage weight
function was the best.

In this paper, some estimators for the reliability function R(t) of Basic Gompertz (BG)
distribution have been obtained, such as Maximum likelihood estimator, and Bayesian
estimators under General Entropy loss function by assuming non-informative prior by using
Jefferys prior and informative prior represented by Gamma and inverted Levy priors. Monte-
Carlo simulation is conducted to compare the performance of all estimates of the R(t), based
on integrated mean squared.

In this paper, we presented new types of Mc-function by using ????-open and ????-open sets
some of them are weaker than Mc-function and some are stronger, which are ????Mc-function,
M????c-function, ????M????c-function, ????Mc-function, M????c-function and ????M????c-function, also we
submitted new kinds of continuous functions and compact functions and we illustrated the
relationships between these types. The purpose of this paper is to expand the study of Mcfunction
and to get results that we need to find the relationship with the types that have been
introduced

Multi-agent systems are subfield of Artificial Intelligence that has experienced rapid growth
because of its flexibility and intelligence in order to solve distributed problems. Multi-agent
systems (MAS) have got interest from various researchers in different disciplines for solving
sophisticated problems by dividing them into smaller tasks. These tasks can be assigned to
agents as autonomous entities with their private database, which act on their environment,
perceive, process, retain and recall by using multiple inputs. MAS can be defined as a network of
individual agents that share knowledge and communicate with each other in order to solve a
problem that is beyond the scope of a single agent. It is imperative to understand the
characteristics of the individual agent or computing entity to distinguish a simple distributed
system and multi-agent system. To solve each task, the agent can take the appropriate actions,
decisions, and can cooperate with other agents to fulfill its goals or objectives. MAS has several
applications including cloud computing, web advertisement, e-commerce, computer network,
learning abilities, etc. This survey represents a comprehensive discussion of all aspects of MAS,
and discusses an overview of MAS definitions, architecture, features, communications,
organizations, and finally discusses the some of the real practical applications.