Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

It's very interested to study new herbal therapy as henna and compare its effect on cartilage healing with another modern therapy as Platelets – Rich Plasma (PRP).

Twenty seven domestic male rabbits was included in this study, divided into three groups of 9 animal randomly, groups of henna 20%, groups of (PRP), and control groups, and also each group subdivided in to 3 subgroups depending on the time of sampling 7,21,45 day, 5 mm in diameter of injury full-thickness skin wound was created on the ear of each rabbit. The wounds in first group were treated with Henna after operation for 7 days, while its in second group treated with (PRP) either for 7 days , and the control group the wounds was abdicated by distal water only.

The results of this study are very important to find a new cheap herbal therapy. The results publicized that the wound healing in Henna treated groups happened faster than the (PRP) groups, and the complete healing happened in 49 days after treated by henna extract.

Grossly and histological evaluations shows clearly, the superiority of henna extracts 20% effects on cartilage healing in compare with (PRP).

Dog ownership is an increasing aspect of veterinary practice in Iraq and it needs special attention since it lacks necessary information such as prevalence of various diseases and other basic information in this regard. In this study 258 dogs referred to a small animal private practice in 2015-6 in Baghdad were assessed. The mean ± SD of these dogs' age was 9.19 ±19.4 months and men presented more dogs than women (222 compared to 36). German shepherd dog was the most popular dog breed presented in this study while the most commonly presented health conditions were GI infections, Canine parvovirus, musculoskeletal conditions, respiratory infections, and canine distemper respectively. Additional 75 dogs were healthy and presented for check up and vaccination. Finally, German shepherd dogs were more likely to be presented with a disease compared to other breeds specially mixed breeds.

The present study was carried out in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Basrah to investigate the role of the treatment with metformin (Met), ethanolic extract of fenugreek (FN) each alone and their combination on the sex hormones changes in polycystic ovary syndrome induced in female rats. For this purpose, the study included two experiment. First experiment aimed to determine the changes in the hormones concentration of pituitary ovarian axis associated with PCOS, induced by letrozole in rats. Fifty six adult female rats randomly divided in to two group, first group (n=16) administrated 0.5% carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) 0.2ml/rat/orally by gavage and served as control group and second group (n=40) administered Letrozole (1mg/kg B.W/day) dissolved in 1ml of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) orally by gavage for 21 days to induced PCOS. Vaginal smear examination of all female rats was done to ensure the occurrence of PCOS. At the end of the experiment eight rats of each group were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and serum were separated for hormonal assay. The results revealed a significant increase in serum concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in PCOS group compared with control group. On other hand a significant decrease in serum concentration of estrogen (E2), and progesterone (P4) in PCOS group compared with control.

The aorta is the main artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen ,the study aimed to classify the regions and the main branches of the aorta anatomically and histologically by several technique .Twenty doges (13-14 kg) weight and approximately (1.5 year) age collected from basra market of animals ,after the anaesthesed the animals the aorta dissected and the specimen where fixed in formalin solution 10% for 48 hr or 72 hr , after that the specimen were washed in tap water until removed all formalin from the section ,made several histological section about 10 (mm) and stained with H&E and special stain such as vangesion ,PAS , Mallory , wegart stain, then the section observed under the light microscope, The result of histological study involved that all part of aorta consist of three tunics and the elastic and muscular density differ with the part of aorta

The purpose of this study was to compare the residues of Levofloxacin and Spiramycin in chicken plasma, kidney and breast muscle tissues by HPLC assay in( normal and infected tissues with E coli)at ( 0,3,5,8) day. After the last therapeutic dose. Sixty broiler chicken with 30 days old of mixed sexes were used in the study. They were divided in to 5 groups: control group (non- infected – non treated),normal birds received levofloxacin at 10 mg per kg body weight orally for five days, birds received Spiramycin (15mg/ kg) body weight orally for five days, Birds were challenged with E. coli and treated orally with Levofloxacin , Birds were challenged with E. coli and treated orally with Spiramycin . and placed in the animal house at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kufa University .The result of residue concentration of two drugs were gradually decreased in all tissue samples from day zero to day eight after the last dose .Concentration in kidney more than muscle tissue for two drugs levofloxacin and Spiramycin and concentration in infected tissue more than normal tissue(µg/gm) ,levofloxacin concentration were( 0.069±0.002,0.106±0.004 )( µg/gm). in normal and infection kidney respectively in day 5 after the last therapeutic dose 10mg/kg /B.W orally for 5 days ,which less than maximum residue limit ( MRL), (0.2µg/gm).Will Spiramycin concentration in infected and normal kidney tissue in day five after the last dose with therapeutic dose 60000 IU/kg/B.W were0.720 ±0.06 ,0.349±0.03 respectivly,more thanMRL(0.30µg/gm),therefore the levofloxacin,less residue in tissues and low withdrawal time. Thane Spiramycin .Aim of the study:This work study the safety of two drug by estimation residue in plasma and tissue andwithdrawal timefor normal case and infected animals with avian E coli.Following oral administration at the therapeutic dose for five days in the chicken.

The study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of an hydro alcoholic syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) .The analgesic activity was measured by using the hot plate test with Twenty four (24) mice divided randomly into four groups , T1, T2 received 100 , 200 mg /kg.bw of (SAE) while T3 dosed 50 mg /kg.bw of diclofanic acid and T4 used as control negative and dosed distilled water (D.W.) . The anti-inflammatory activity was measured by using formalin test with Twenty four (24) mice divided randomly into four groups , T1and T2 dosed with 100 and 200 mg /kg.bw respectively of (SAE) while T3 group dosed 0.3 mg/kg.bw of meloxicam and T4 dosed with (D.W.) , (all groups dosed orally before half hour of test) and then calculate the time of analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects . The result showed there is significant increase(p˂0.05) in time of analgesia and significant decreases (p˂0.05) in number of licking in animal exposed to (SAE) comparing with that of control , also there is significant increase(p˂0.05) in time of analgesia and decrease in licking in animals received diclofanic acid and meloxicam respectively comparing with those received (SAE) and D.W the increase was dose dependent manner. In conclusion the hydro-alcoholic extract of clove E.C showed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect

The study is mainly focusing to find the sensitivity and efficacy of levofloxacin or Spiramycin on induced colibacellosis in chicken at therapeutic dose for 5 days, Sixty four, 28 day old broiler chicks of mixed sexes were used in the study. They were placed in the animal house at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kufa University. The clinical signs developed after 12 hours in all the inoculated groups. Mortality in all the groups started after 16 -24 h of inoculation .After 12day period the body weight of group treatment with Levofloxacin animals significantly backed to normal values. While animals in group treated with Spiramycin did not indicate improvement in body weight after 12 days of treatment with Spiramycin. The mortality rate in unmedicated group was high as compared to medicated groups, Levofloxacin more effective against Colibacellosis as compared to Spiramycin.

The current study was conducted at the college of veterinary medicine, university of basrah in the periods extended from 22/10/2016 to 22/1/2017. Digoxin is an important cause of poisoning. It is prescribed and widely used to patients with heart failure. Digoxin toxicity can emerge during long-term therapy as well as after an overdose and because it is metabolized and eliminated by liver. Therefore, the study is designed to determine the toxic effects of digoxin on liver histologically and biochemically by measuring liver transaminase enzymes level in the serum. Maximum toxic dose determined by using 2 rats dosed orally until clinical signs of toxicity became prominent at 30mg for each rat and considered as MTD. The chronic toxicity study was carried out on 48 adult rats divided into 4 groups. Control (G1) receive distilled water, Low dose (G2) dosed with (1.5mg/kg), Intermediate dose (G3) dosed with (3mg/kg) and High dose (G4) dosed with (6mg/kg) of digoxin by oral gavage for 90 days. At the end of experiments all animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for estimation of biochemical parameter of rat. Result reveals histopathological changes as sever periportal fibrosis, bile duct proliferation and aggregation of mononuclear cells specially with high (G4) group. There is a significant (P≤0.05) increase in serum AST & ALT level in high (G4) group when compared with other study groups. We conclude that high dose digoxin has a toxic effect on liver tissue.

a small number of parts of the intestinal tract, which slot in recreation a vital and main role in the secretion of persuaded hormones that control significant organs of the body. The aim of this study is to look at the site of endocrine cells in small intestine in Iraqi buffalo . The regions anywhere endocrine cells in the intestine layer of the five Iraqi buffalo examined via using immunohistochemistry process material. Specimens were taken start five animals from the ages ranging from 3-5 years. It was used immunohistochemistry fabric technology and (ChromograinnA), which is a special detector Endocrine intestinal cells, four types of hormones. Immune chemical assessment in the mucous layer duodenum and the presence of hormones, 'glucose insulin tropic polypeptide(GIP) results showed (GIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) glucagon-like peptide2 (GLP-2)' in epithelial cells collection along the internal axis of the villi, chemical immunological consequences for many of the sections shown note chromogranin A detector chiefly for intestinal endocrine cells, the cells that have hormones (GIP) , glucose insulin tropic polypeptide cholecystokinin(CCK) and glucagon peptide GLP-1 \ 2)) containing this reagent representative confirm the site of these cells, a gastric endocrine cells . The attendance of these hormones in the intestine layer decreases as we move away from the duodenum.

The pain considered is an important signs for many medical condition which is reduced by using analgesic drugs, that act either locally or systemically via central nervous system, that may have many harmful side effects. This study was carried out to evaluate the analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect of both aqueous and alcoholic extract of Lawsonia inermis L. and comparing with one of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) Ketoprofen by using hot plate test, tail immersion method, and study ability of aqueous and alcoholic extract to reduce writhing induced by acetic acid injection. Also, study the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of henna extract in formalin-induced paw edema . Twenty four Wister rats were used which divided randomly into four equal groups, first group served as control negative treated with distal water, second, control positive, injected with ketoprofen (8 mg/kg B.W.) third group treated with aqueous extract and fourth group treated with methanolic extract (200 mg/kg B.W.) in addition to the ketoprofen. At the end of experiment, the results clarified that alcoholic extract of henna has similar effect of ketoprofen via significant increase (P<0.05) in reaction time to hot plate and tail withdrawal from hot water. Moreover, the results explained significant decrease (P<0.05) in the writhes count( abdominal constriction). As well as, the ability of alcoholic extract to significant (P<0.05 ) reduce body temperature comparing with control group. Likewise, the result revealed that alcoholic extract of Lawsonia inermis has anti-inflammatory activity by significant (P<0.05 ) reduction in edema size induced by formalin injection in paw skin, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha. (TNF-α). Thus, the results of current study illustrated that methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis has central and peripheral analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity comparing with control group.

The study aimes to described the histological stricture of skin in guinea pig an differention between thick and thin skin of different body regions , utilizing of (10) cutaneous specimens were taking from (6)anatomical regions including most of body which are abdomen , back, nose , ear , palmer pad and plantar pad. As the results revealed that the epidermis was thin in (ear ,abdomen and back) it composed of four secondary layers including from lower to upper: stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, and Stratum Corneum, while it was thick epidermis in nose, plantar pad , the palmer pad ,which characterized by presence of Stratum Lucidum beside the previous four layers. The study revealed a marked variation in the thickness of epidermis of the different skin regions: the thickest epidermis was in plantar pad (43.2) µm, on the contrary, the epidermis of ear region was found to be the thinnest 31.6 µm.it was also observed a direct relation between the whole thickness of the epidermis and the thickness of the Stratum corneum in all of the studied skin regions. Also we notice that the dermis composed of two essential layers. The superficial thin papillary layer which is located directly under the basement membrane and it's formed of loose and relatively cellular connective tissue and it included dermal papillae which is formed because the waves of basement membrane in different degree in anatomical regions and deep thick reticular layer which consists thick collagen fibers bundles that run parallel to the skin surface. The highest thickness of the dermis was observed in the plantar pad (36) µm, while it is reduced in the abdomen skin to (4) µm, the thickness of the other regions ranging between those two extremes .The study also clear the presence of carbohydrates in dermis more than epidermis as well as the epidermis – dermal junction is delicate in thin skin while dens in thick skin.

Thirty seven isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Twenty-two isolates were collected from urine in Al-Diywania teaching hospital, eleven isolates from cow meat and four isolates from wound horses. They were identified using the Vitek 2, for detecting characteristics of the biochemical tests and morphological appearance. All isolates resisted to Nalidixic acid, Oxacillin ,Vancomycin, Ampicillin, and Ciprofloxacin , while show sensitive to Kanamycin and Tetracycline. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of two curing agents, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and ethidium bromide, used in this study were determined and the results indicated that the curing percentage and efficiency of each curing agent was determined. From treatment with 700 μg/ml ethidium bromide, it was observed that no cured cells were obtained for all antibiotics used and obtained for all antibiotics used by SDS at a concentration of (1, 0.9, 0.8)% (W/V) where had no effect on plasmid curing and bacterial cells complete lysis, the isolates appeared sensitive to (0.5,0.6 and 0.7)% concentration of SDS were Nalidixic acid 10mg was (35.1, 94.5 and 100) %, Vancomycin 30mg ( 59.4, 86.4 and 100) %, Kanamycin 30mg was (97.2, 100,100)% and Tetracycline 30mg was (75.6, 100 and 100)% respectively , no there sensitivity for each Oxacillin 30mg , Ciprofloxacin 5mg and Ampicillin 10mg.

Bacterial infections become a great health problems. The new antimicrobial agents are will reduce this problem. In this study, antimicrobial of activity of extract of Nigella sativa seed that used against Staphylococcus aureus isolates was evaluated. Started with an objective to appraisal the antibacterial potentials of ethanol extract of Nigella sativa prepared in different concentrations (50, 100,200& 400 mg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and associated its activity with antibiotic concentration value Ciprofloxacin(5µg), Amoxicillin(25µg) & Penicillin(6µg) by determining the inhibition zone produced around the holes after growth on Muller-Hinton agar .

This results showed activity of antibacterial of the Nigella sativa at different concentrations and standard antibiotics exhibited various degrees of zones of inhibition in the culture media depending mainly upon the type of plant extract, concentration of extract in addition to the type of tested bacterial. Nearly all the Nigella sativa extracts were found to have significant activity (p<0.05) against all tested bacteria related with negative control. In the same time the current study was recorded that inhibition zones diameter against examined bacteria raised significantly difference (p<0.05) at extract concentration raised (400 mg / ml ). The MIC values of ethanolic extracts of Nigella sativa extended from 0.156 to 0.312 mg/ml against tested bacteria . Whereas the MBC values ranged 1.248 mg/ml

The present study was performed in 36 Iraqi buffaloes, which were divided into 4 equal groups each of 9 buffaloes. 1st group were suffered from Retention of fetal membranes after calving for 24hrs, 2nd group were suffered from RFMs after calving for 48hrs and 3rd group were suffered from RFMs after calving for 72hrs and 9 buffaloes were left as a control group (without retained). Blood samples were taken to estimate some serum biochemical (metabolites, ions and hormones) constituents, from all groups. Glucose and cholesterol were significantly higher (P<0.01) in control group in compared with infected groups and there were no significant differences (P<0.01) in glucose and cholesterol levels between the three groups of RFMs, while total protein were significantly lower (P<0.01) in the 3rd group compared with the 1st and 2nd groups and it was significantly higher (P<0.01) in control group in compared with infected groups. There were no significant differences (P<0.01) between the infected groups and with control group in the level of urea, as for ions, there were a significantly lower value of (Ca, Na and Mg) in the infected groups compared with control group, while potassium were significantly lower in the 2nd and 3rd groups compared with the 1st group, and it was significantly higher in control group in compared with the infected groups. There were no significant differences in progesterone and estrogen concentration between the infected groups, and they were significantly higher (P<0.01) in control group compared with the infected groups. In conclusion: RFMs leads to significantly (P<0.01) decline in biochemical's, ions and hormonal components in Iraqi buffaloes, and this decline has a diagnostic importance that it could be benefit to expect the occurrence of RFMs and make a preventive measure to prevent RFMs in Iraqi buffaloes

The study was conducted from first of December 2015 till end of November 2016. Animal slaughters were examined macroscopically to determine the parasitic infection(Hydatid Cyst, Fascioliasis, Lung worms)and another cases of Pneumonia and Hepatitis. The animals which were slaughtered during this study was 94106 Sheep, 23131 Cattle, and 5235 Buffaloes.

The Percentages of Hydatid cysts in Sheep was 1.04 % and Liver fluke 0.56%, pneumonia 0.29% and hepatitis was 0.34 % with increase the rate in winter 1.33%, 0.87%, 0.54%, and 0.53% respectively while Lung worms 0.73 % increase the percentage in Autumn 0.71%.

In Cattle, the percentage of Hydatid Cysts 1.59%, Liver Fluke 0.71%, Lungworm 0.13%, with increase the rate in Autumn 5.11%, 2.56%, 0.73% respectively, Hepatitis 0.34% , the highest percentage was in summer 0.32% and pneumonia the highest percentage was in spring 0.56%.

The rate of Hydatid In Buffaloes 1.03%, Fiver Flukes 0.61 %, with increase the incidence in winter 1.93%, while Lung worms 0.15%, pneumonia 0.31%, hepatitis was 0.14% the highest was in spring 0.25%, 0.41% and 0.49% respectively.

Throughout the last two decades, benzene was a prominent source of an occupational and environmental pollution in Iraq. Especially from direct contact with private electric generators which were installed closer to homes or even inside every home in Iraq. As a result of handling without taking enough precautions, environmental threat has increased due to serious toxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of benzene. Toxicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of this chemical carcinogen were experimented in Swiss albino mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Six-week-old male mice were used as a model for toxicity and carcinogenicity together with female mice were treated with benzene, and newborns were sacrificed to study the teratogenic impact. During a period of three months, twice per week, male mice were injected with two doses (0.1% and 0.2%) of benzene diluted with corn oil. Female mice were also treated with (0.1% and 0.2%) of benzene on day 7 prior to gestation at 72 hr intervals for one month and sacrificed 10 days after labor. At the end of experiment, sections of different organs were histopathologically observed and significant changes were noticed. Dose-related changes were detected during examination of males' liver showing hepatocyte swelling, degeneration and fibrosis and similarly glomerular enlargement and tubular necrosis of the kidney. New born mice liver sections showed a significant liver and kidney histological changes. These results may explain a correlation between tumor incidence and transplacental benzene exposure in mice and shade the light on the potential health risks that Iraqi community exposed to.

Conclusions: When the researchers take into account the degree of damage resulted from direct exposing Albino mice to benzene for a limited period of time, there will be a reasonable wariness because of the increasing level of toxicity and carcinogenicity in the Iraqi environment

The use of pesticides has beneficial control of pests but it causing the damaging pollution to the environment. There are increasing successful efforts to minimize the destroying influence of these chemical on the life of laying hens. Here, the study was intended to explore the proposed effect of Nigella sativa (NS) seeds on local laying hens that were experimentally exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF) poisoning in Al-Diwaniyah province. A population of 40 hens was randomly recruited as 10 birds per group. T1 group was treated daily (3.42) mg/kg B.W orally with CPF only, T2 group was treated together with 20 mg/kg NS seeds by diet and CPF (3.42) mg/kg B.W orally, T3 group was previously treated with20mg/kg NS by diet for 14 day followed together for 4 weeks by the oral use of CPF and NS by diet at same dose , C the control group no treatment received. The experiment continued for 30 days and followed by submitting blood and tissue samples to biochemical analyses and histopathological examination. In a comparison to the C, the result reveals that T1 had significant increases in Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT )enzymes (P<0.05) with no significant differences in Alkaline phosphatase (AIP) level (P>0.05). T2 and T3 didn’t show any significant differences in the levels of all the liver enzymes (P>0.05) when compared to C. According to the comparison with C, T1 shows high significant differences in the level of Uric Acid, Creatinine, Triglyceride, and Total Protein while T2 reveals significant increases in the levels of Creatinine and Total Protein only (P<0.05). Interestingly, T3 doesn't show any statistical differences when compared to C. Histopathological changes in T1 include necrotic areas and deposition of hemosiderin in the spleen, destruction of the intestinal mucosa, edema and hemorrhage in the lung, degeneration of ciliated columnar epithelium, and proventricular infiltration of inflammatory cells between follicles. T2 shows mild depletion of white pulp and proliferation of red pulp in the spleen, extended and thinner intestinal villi with mild desquamation of epithelial cells with little hemorrhage, and congested with some hemorrhage plus mild thickening of interstitial tissue in the lung. T3 reveals splenic proliferation of white pulp with small and thickened arteriolar walls, proliferation of red pulp, normal extended intestinal villi, and mild congestion with mild alveolar emphysema in the lung. C reveals normal tissue without any changes. The study result comes to enhance the laying hen industries and provide future interests to supply NS as an additional or main part of the ration to prevent the poisoning effects of this chemical.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the rDNA to detect a phylogenetic relationshep based on PCR technique between four isolates of Trichoderma viride, Chaetumium elatum and tow isolates (pathogen and non-pathogen strains) of Rhizoctonia solani obtained from tomato plant rhizosphere, rice plant rhizosphere and root rotted tomato plants fields of Al-Najaf province, Iraq.

Internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using a set of common universal primers for ITS1, ITS3 and ITS4 regions. Two of three different random primers examined (primers 3 and 4) reflected a specific amplicons within Rhizoctonia solani(1), Chaetumium elatum , and Trichoderma viride, while the primer 1 did not give any PCR end product with all of tested isolates, while Rhizoctonia solani(2) isolates did not revealed any band detected in PCR technique with all primers, also data showing a diferent degree of genetic similarity depanding on PCR data analysis using UVIBand softwear.

Results of this study indicate that ITS set of primers can used to find a genetic relation between fungi.

This study was conducted to exam (100) milk samples taken from (25) buffalo within 2-6 years old (clinically mastitic and other non mastitic apparently) in different areas of Al-Najaf province. The results were showed 36(36% ) mastitic milk sample as 12 (33.3%) clinical and 24( 66.6%) subclinical mastitis according to CMT test . Thirty six bacterial isolates were positive growth on blood agar ,the isolation and identification were diagnosed by classical microbiological and biochemical tests , 10 out of 36 bacterial isolates were E.coli. The result of disk diffusion test appeared E.coli isolates were sensitive to tetracycline (70%),Amikacin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethaxol (60%), Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin (50%),while the E.coli isolates were resistance to Cefotaxime and Ampicillin

The present study was designed to evaluate neurobehavioral effects of two doses of digoxin( therapeutic and double dose) in mice.Two treatment groups( T1, T2), each consist of 10 mice divided according to daily oral treatment with Digoxin representing dosing orally with 5 ,10microgram/kg respectively the third group considered as control and treated with distilled water.

Neurobehavioral results showed that digioxin in T2 caused significant decrease proportional with the dose in autonomic and central nervous system activity manifested by in decrease urination frequency and fecal boluses, disturbance of vestibular system ,increase of time needed for 180° turning upward to avoid slope, and defect in degree of cognitive function of exploration , and neuromuscular compatibility with disturbance of locomotor activity( proportional with dose and period of exposure) .

While T1 showed significant effect in disturbance of vestibular system ,increase of time needed for 180° turning upward to avoid slope,and righting reflex , and neuromuscular compatibility with disturbance of locomotor activity( proportional with dose and period of exposure) ,while there were no significant change in other parameters above at that period.

In conclusion this study revealed that digoxin of both dose 5mcg/kg and10 mcg/kg in caused abnormal neurobehaviord effect propotinal with the dose and period of expouser even at the therapeutic dose that indicate the precaution in using such drug.

The current study was carried out to directly detect Listeria monocytogenes as well as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli bacterium from daily consumed milk and milk products (buffalo raw milk, local cheese, and local cream) which were collected randomly from different markets of Al-Qadissiya province. In this study the PCR techniques were employed on the basis of amplifying virulence factors (bfpA and hly genes) in L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli respectively. Analysis of the results showed the highest prevalence of L. monocytogenes (14.2%) in local cheese which was followed by 6.2% in buffalo raw milk and less prevalence (3.4%) were found in local cream. Analysis of the results of enteropathogenic E. coli revealed highest prevalence (37.5%) in buffalo raw milk while local cheese and local cream showed the same prevalence (20%). This study successfully developed and used PCR technique that was prompt and sensitive/specific in detecting food born pathogenic L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli. This technique could be used as an alternative to the other methods, making it possible to identify the risk for these pathogens on public health.

The present study demonstrated a positive effect of both argan oil & apple cider vinegar mixed with pure water RO in the healing of head lice disease, as it was the best concentration plant is 50% and the level of significance p< 0.05 after adding Argan oil by 1/200. Experience also showed not affected the cuticle transactions applicable to this mixture and instead it found that the direct impact of this solution is focused on the respiratory system of the lice to lead to a suffocating with stiff competent tissue and without any side effects mentioned during host's treatment.

The effects of Piracetam against Acetyl Choline (Ach) in adult mice. The Medium Lethal Dose LD50 of Piracetam was 455.5mg/kg B.W. orally and Ach 7.25 mg/kg B.W i.p, then an animal’s are divided to 4 groups First group serves as control group given normal saline, a second 400 mg /kg B.W. o.p. of Piracetam and third group 5 mg/kg B.W. i.p. Ach. Forth group 400 mg /kg B.W. o.p. of Piracetam and 5 mg/kg B.W. i.p. Ach. The behavioral changes, the Run time, swimming, Time on glass, and biochemical parameters in Ach and Piracetam pretreatment significantly (P<0.05) decreased of Run time and swimming, then increased Time on glass when compared with the control. The open field test was significantly (P<0.05) increased the termer, depression when compared with the control. The liver function tests was significantly (P<0.05) increased the in level of GPT and GOT enzymes in the plasma at forth group.

Acute ruminal acidosis is a common problem in ruminants that feed on high amount of concentrates and has been associated with inflammatory condition of the rumen and metabolic acidosis. The goals of this study were to measure the acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and C-reactive protein concentrations), and biochemical changes and to determine their association with the inflammatory condition and mortality in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis. A total of 25 sheep were included in this study and divided in to two groups [one group suffered from acute ruminal acidosis (n=15) and another control healthy group (n=10)]. Haptoglobin and C- reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured by turbidimetric immunoassays. While biochemical parameters were measured using spectrophotometric calorimetric methods. Haptoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis compared to control group (P < 0.05). However, CRP were not statistically different between both group of sheep (P > 0.05) Moreover, serum haptoglobin concentrations were higher in non-survivors sheep with acute ruminal acidosis compared to survivors (P < 0.05). The likelihood of mortality was associated with elevated serum haptoglobin, lactate and potassium but also associated with low calcium and chloride concentrations in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, haptoglobin concentrations were elevated in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis and could be considered more diagnostic and sensitive inflammatory biomarker than CRP in sheep with acute ruminal acidosis. Alterations of biochemical dynamics including lactate, electrolytes and minerals concentrations and energy metabolism could be involved in increased risk of non-survival in sheep with acute lactic acidosis.

Eruca Sativa is a plant usually used as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and used for salad preparations and in the traditional medicine. This study aimed to determine the effect of crude ethanolic extract of Eruca Sativa leaves on the hematological changes. Twenty albino male rats were divided for four groups, group D, rats served as control. Group A, B, and C, rats dosed orally 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg respectively for one week. The results indicate that white blood cell and the Red blood cells were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while HCT, RDW-SD, RDW-CV, PLT, MPV and PCT was significant (p < 0.05) changes. On the other hand the HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PDW showed no significant (p < 0.05) effects.

There has been considerable interest in the use of plant materials as an alternative method to control pathogenic microorganisms and many compounds of plant products have been shown to be specifically targeted against antibiotic resistant pathogens. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the alcoholic and aqueous extract of pomegranate peel against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hair. The plant extracts prepared and The antimicrobial effects of the pomegranate extracts were evaluated using method disk inhibition zone , the results shows that the extracts of pomegranate have a good antibacterial growth activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hair with significant differences (P<0.05) with concentrations of the type extract in which there are more susceptible to 100 mg/ ml( the highest concentration ) and the alcoholic extract.

The present work was carried out on 12 adult healthy indigenous gazelle and sheep (6 gazelle and 6 sheep) to study the anatomical features of thyroid gland in these two animals and to compare between them. The present findings showed that the thyroid gland in both species was made up of two reddish- brown bi-lobed structure (right and left lobes) connected by a thin tissue ; an isthmus, they were asymmetrically located on the cranial portion on the lateral side of the trachea in gazelle, while in sheep they located ventrolaterally. The isthmus connect the right and left lobes from there caudal extremity in gazelle while in sheep from there caudal ends about 5 mm and it cross the ventral aspect of the trachea about 7th – 8th tracheal ring level in gazelle, whereas in sheep at 4th tracheal ring. The anatomical data revealed no significant important in the weight of the gland between gazelle and sheep, and between left and right lobe in both gazelle and sheep in weight, dimensions and volume, but significantly importance between gazelle and sheep in the length, width and volume of isthmus at p<0.05 and in the length of the right and left lobe and only thickness of the right lobe between gazelle and sheep at p<0.05. thyroid gland was supplied by the cranial and caudal thyroid arteries in gazelle, while in sheep through the dorsal and ventral thyroidal arteries, all arteries were originate from the common carotid artery .

Five specimens of adult Gazelle of (2-3) years old were used to study the internal pattern of the movement of blood inside the C.C.P. during erection, this was done by injected contrast media from the root of penis and photographed radio- graphically. The results showed that the penis of Gazelle has one dorsal canal on the dorsal part of the C.C.P., this canal extended from the root to the beginning of glans. From this canal the cavernous spaces of C.C.P. will be filled during erection by interconnecting canals.

Wound healing is a complex dynamical interaction between various cell types, the extracellular matrix, cytokines, and growth factors. The present study was carried out for the purpose of verifying the speed of wound healing by herbs and honey, a surgical study for the rapid treatment of wounds in rats. Where he took 40 randomly and was divided into four groups of ten rats per group and as follows. The control group is composed of ten rats, a group of herb extract of the Malva parviflora consisting of ten rats, a group of honey consisting of ten rats and finally a group of herb Malva parviflora with honey consisting of ten rats. Where a wound was developed in the face of the rat and treated each according to his group for 5 days and 10 days to identify the changes that will occur in the wound area. The results of the present study showed that the best cure was in the fourth group, which is a mixture between the herb extract of the hibiscus and honey as explained in the results.

Background: Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion represents a clinically relevant problem associated with thrombolysis, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. Angiotensin II may contribute to reperfusion injury by increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory factors . Ang II exerts most of its effects via AT1Rs. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes may further be influenced by Ang II.

Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of Telmisartan in amelioration of myocardial I/R injury induced by ligation of coronary artery in mouse model.

Materials & method: Adult male Swiss-albino mice were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group (1) sham group: Mice underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the active control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery.Group( 2) active control group: Mice were subjected to regional ischemia for 30 min by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours .Group( 3) control vehicle group (1): Mice in this group injected with DMSO (vehicle for Telmisartan ) via IP route & underwent Myocardial ischemia for 30 minutes by ligation of (LAD) coronary artery & reperfusion for 2 hr . Group (4)Telmisartan treated group : Mice pretreated with Telmisartan 0.5mg/kg i.p 30 minutesbefore ligation of LAD coronary artery.

Results: Compared with the sham group, Levels of TNF-α & IL-1β, IL-6,caspase 3 and plasma level of cardiac troponin I increased in control group (p<0.001).Levels of Bcl2 decreased in control group(p<0.001). Histologically ,All mice in control group showed a significant (p<0.001) cardiac injury. Telmisartan significantly counteract the increase in myocardium level of TNF-α, IL-1B,IL-6,caspase 3 ,plasma cTnI (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the Telmisartan significantly increased in myocardium level of Bcl2. Histological analysis revealed that both Telmisartan markedly reduced (P < 0.001) the severity of cardiac injury in the mice underwent LAD ligation procedure .

Conclusion:

The results of the present study reveal that Telmisartan may ameliorate myocardial I/R injury in Male Mice via interfering with inflammatory reactions & apoptosis which induced by I/R injury .