journal of Basic Sciences

Diminutives are undoubtedly significant widely tackled forms in Arabic language, an area that has been extensively and comprehensively investigated by Arab late and modern linguists. This paper, accordingly, sheds light on diminutives as lexical forms of language by surveying, describing, and accounting for the importance of these forms, how they have developed, and how they are formed, and how to use them. The paper, also, draws on the verb form and type, the morphemic levels, and the phonological aspects affecting the formation of diminutives in Arabic

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the educational program in developing the moral intelligence of second year intermediate female students in Mosul city by verifying the validity of the following hypotheses developed by the researcher:
1. There is no statistically significant difference in the development of moral intelligence at the level of significance (0.05) between the ranks of the control group in the two tests (pre- and post-test).
2. There is no statistically significant difference in the development of moral intelligence at the level of significance (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental group in the two tests (pre- and post-test).
3. There is no statistically significant difference in the development of moral intelligence at the level of significance (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental group and the average ranks of the control group in the post test.
The researcher adopted the experimental design with two equal groups (experimental and control) with (pre and post-test) and the research sample, which was chosen by the intentional method, consisted of (20) female students, with (10) students in the experimental group and (10) students in the control group, and the researcher rewarded them in (Chronological age, intelligence, parents' academic achievement, and pre-test) The researcher also built a moral intelligence scale based on the theory of (Michael Borba), and in its final form it consists of (50) paragraphs formulated in a way that agrees with the students’ reality. By re-testing, the reliability coefficient was (0.90), and it was calculated by the Facronbach equation, and the reliability coefficient was (0.87), It is a high indicator of stability, and the researcher prepared (13) lessons for the educational program, the content of which included the stories and virtues of moral intelligence, and they were presented to the experts and obtained apparent sincerity with an agreement rate of (90%). The average second grade was between low and medium, and both levels needed the educational program’s intervention. The results of the research showed that there is an effect of the educational program in the development of moral intelligence for students of the second intermediate grade and the absence of a statistically significant difference in the development of moral intelligence at the level of significance (0.05) between the ranks of the control group in the two tests (pre and post) and the presence of a statistically significant difference in the development of intelligence The moral at the level (0.05) between the ranks of the experimental group in the two tests (pre and post) in favor of the post test, and there is a statistically significant difference in the development of moral intelligence at the level of significance (0.05) between the ranks of the control group and the average ranks of the experimental group in the (posttest) test in favor of ranks of the experimental group. In light of the results, the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions, including Adopting the measure of moral intelligence in research similar to other samples and Conducting a subsequent empirical study on male students in the middle or middle school and adopting the lessons of the educational program in developing their moral intelligence

This is a bried research that I quoted from my master’s thesis, which is a study of a manuscript investigation of Sheikh Ma’ruf Al-Nodhi Al-Barzanji, which is called “Kashif Al-ghawamidh Sharih Mandhoma Qatir Al-aridh fi Elim Al-faraidh” The research quoted is the approach of Sheikh Maarouf Al-Nodhi in his book, research was divided into three sections, the first section was devoted to the life of the Sheikh in simple brief, and followed it by introducing the manuscript and its data. In the second section, the researcher sheds light on his approach to obligatory duties such as its addition, how he arranges the chapters, their sources and how they attribute information; transfer them to the approved Shafi’I school, and how they are inferred by verses and hadiths, and so on. Whil the third section, there is a reference to his method in general, such as his interpretation of strange words, his interest in forming ambiguous words, his selection of some grammatical opinions, and so on, and finally there are the results.

Praise be to Allah, and the best prayer and delivery on our Master and Prophet Muhammad, divine good Islamic history has witnessed several outstanding personalities who have influenced the intellectual and cultural life of many composers and have had their impact is clear in people, and of these the subject of our research Sheikh Alkrajka, a who shot to fame scientific Fayalavaq, and his fame spread among the circles of scholars.
Search his name has been included, and titles, and attributes, and manners, and its origins, and his fame, and his death, as well as Mratij, and the sayings of scholars in it. As well as scientists who Asarham Sheikh Alkrajka as well as research includes mention of scientific and intellectual life of Sheikh Alkrajka, has been included and writings, as well as the stated number of professors and Utlamivh said.
The most important sources used in the search, then mention them, book glossary of Sheikh Tusi (460 AH / 1067 AD), a contemporary of Sheikh Alkrajka, has served us some information about the character of Sheikh Alkrajka and his works and some special Sheikh Alkrajka accurate information, the full book in the history of Ibn Al-Athir (630 AH / 1232 AD), and the book balance of moderation of the golden (748AH / 1347 AD). As references then mention them book Nicknames of Sheikh Abbas Qomi, book notables Shia Mohsen secretary, book lexicon of modern men to Mr. Abu Al-Qasim Al-Khoei

This paper aims at exploring how the DSLM model affects applied scientific fifth graders’ achievement and skilled thinking in physics education. To realize this end, experimental research design was followed where there are two dependent variables (achievement, skilled thinking) and an independent variable (DSLM model). This research design was chosen in order to control the test variables. After setting aims, purpose, data, and methodology, the research applied the proposed model on the subjects. The findings show that experimental group achieved higher rates than the controlling group. The paper finally sets a few recommendations, suggestions for further research

The research aims to identify the importance and seriousness of one of the forms of health waste, namely, chronic diseases that afflict young people and affect their life path according to the qualitative, age and environmental structure in the districts of Adhamiya and Karkh. spatial relationships.
The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a discrepancy in the volume of waste at the level of administrative units for the years 2013 and 2020, as the wastage rate reached (63.96) and (88.48) respectively, for every 100,000 children under the age of 15 years, and Al-Fahama district recorded the highest wastage rate For the year 2013, it amounted to (72.90), while Al-Mamoun district had the highest waste rate for the year 2020, which amounted to (95.90), and the research also found a rise in the rates of male children with chronic diseases compared to females, so the number of infected males for the two research years reached (55.09%) and (55.46%) over respectively, while the relative importance of afflicted females reached (44.91%) and (44.54%), respectively, for the years 2013 and 2020, and diabetes came first in the number of affected children for the year 2020, with a relative importance of (27.43%).

This paper addresses rumor as a socio-literary event in modern Iraqi fiction, with a particular emphasis on Wared Badr Al-Salim’s The Birth of Ghurab. Firstly, rumor is defined as to origin, function, significance, and impact in daily life. Then, The Birth of Ghurab is elaborated on as to themes, structure, and sense. This Iraqi novel, in fact, reflects on modern-day political developments in Iraq as the characters stand for politicians and statesmen under the pre-2003 long-serving Baathist dictatorship. The course of this narrative touches politics indirectly which justifies the choice of rumor as a key theme. The paper uncovers these various themes hinted at the novel.

This paper questions the meaning and significance of time as a unique idea from the perspective of two Muslim philosophers, the medieval Avicenna (ca. 980) and the late pre-modern Shirazi (ca. 1572). Time has always been the focus of philosophers, thinkers, scholars, scientists, and astronomers throughout all ages and across all cultures, civilizations, and territories. In the Muslim philosophical traditions, time has had a considerable attention from various notable thinkers. This paper, accordingly, draws on this premise following the scope of two Muslim thinkers and philosophers, Avicenna, a well-known Muslim medieval physician and polymath, and Shirazi, a pre-modern late Muslim Persian theologian and philosopher. Firstly, an introductory subsection is set to define, introduce, and elaborate on time. Time is also introduced in terms of Greek philosophies. A brief account is dedicated to Avicenna’s biography, works, and views. Then, Shirazi is defined as to biography, works, and views.

In Arabic linguistic tradition, parts of speech have been classified into paradigms or bases, and nouns, verbs, and roots were ranked following the number of morphemes contained. Such classification helped later linguists and morphologists identify the forms and functions of the relevant parts. This paper, thus, unfolds how nouns and verbs are formed, by following the accounts and works of Ibn Al-Qawwas, a late Arab morphologist who had an interest in the morphemic analysis of Arabic. The paper, additionally, draws on description as a technique for analyzing words, recognizing morphemes, and assigning functions.

This paper seeks to unfold how the effectiveness of planning organizations develop reflective thinking among mathematics undergraduates. To this end, 69 fourth-level mathematics undergraduates of the Faculty of Basic Education, University of Dohuk, throughout the academic year (2020-2021), were deliberately selected as a sample of analysis. The sample, then, was divided into four equal subgroups; two all-male subgroups and two all-female subgroups. Traditional as well as proposed methods of teaching were applied to both groups. To analyze subjects’ responses, a multiple-choice 20-item reflective thinking test was designed. The proposed test involved five key skills; reflectivity, fault-finding, persuasive interpretation, conclusiveness, and problem-solving. Test psychometric parameters have been verified as to validity and reliability. Tests were administered and teachers applied relevant tests to students. Additionally, post-tests were applied to the same subjects. Computational and statistical means, including (ANOVA-2 way), were used to reach frequencies and percentages. The study finds that;
1.There are statistically significant differences (0.05) in the average subjects across all subgroups.
2. There are not any statistically significant differences (0.05) in the average subjects across all subgroups, between reflective thinking following gender and learning theories.

The research aims to identify the " The Effectiveness of the Brain-Based Learning Strategy (BBL) In the Development of the Visual Thinking Skills for Seventh-Grade Female Students in Mathematics." The researcher used the experimental method with two equal groups and the test (pre and post). The research was applied to a deliberately selected sample consisting of (53) female students in the seventh grade from a middle school (Khisar) in the day schools of the Directorate of Education of Duhok for the years 2021–2022). The sample was randomly distributed to two groups, one of which was an experimental group consisting of (27) students who studied according to the brain-based learning (BBL) strategy, and the other, a control group, consisting of (26) students who studied according to the usual method. The researcher identified the scientific material from the seventh stage book, a number of teaching plans from the three chapters (first, second, and third), which reached (36) plans. The researcher also conducted equivalence tests between the two groups in several variables. She also prepared a test for visual thinking skills consisting of (24) items divided into six skills (reading visual forms, visual discrimination, analyzing visual forms, and perceiving spatial relationships). The data was analyzed using the t-test for two independent samples, and the results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the students in the experimental and control groups. In the test of visual thinking skills, in favor of the experimental group, with a high effect size.

This paper aims at identifying the effectiveness of a training program based on information processing theory in developing mental motivation among mathematics undergraduates. To achieve this aim, a sample of 91 fourth-year mathematics undergraduates of the College of the Basic Education, Duhok University, academic calendar 2020-2021, was chosen as subjects of the proposed test. The subjects were then subdivided into equal groups based on certain variables; an experiment group (n=48), taught by a proposed methodology, and a control group (n=43), taught by a traditional methodology. To test both groups, a training proposal, modified following Al-Farraji’s (2011) motivation scale, was designed in order to teach mathematics to the subjects in online and in-person lectures. The test sheet consisted of 54 sections set on four main parameters; mental focus, learning orientation, problem-solving, and cognitive integration. Test validity, stability, and reliability have been verified and measured in accordance with some psychometric levels. The experiment test was taken in-person in the early semester (18/10/2020 to 14/1/2021). Later on, test results were achieved following statistical computations and t-selections. The tests indicated that there are statistically significant differences (0.05) between average motivation levels; mental focus, learning orientation, problem-solving, and cognitive integration, whereas both groups achieved all levels. The paper finally suggests remedial tips, suggestions, recommendations, and further studies.

Human development indicators are one of the basic indicators to know the poor population through the level of income, education and health in addition to indicators of child labor, home income and home building materials. Where this segment of the human force, which suffers from difficult economic, social, health and housing conditions, and this population category gives a reflection and indicators of the extent of the decline in living standards as it is a reflection to explain the reality of the nature of society and It suffers from multiple problems, despite the lack of employment opportunities for these manpower and investment within the labor force and productive in various economic sectors and the nature of the province's potential and investment potential can be invested and the introduction of these poor groups to improve their economic conditions, and the importance of this segment has addressed Study of the characteristics of the poor population not covered by social security, this category of the total poor population constituted (88%), the proportion of the total population of the province amounted to (22%), while the proportion of the poor population of the total population of the province (26%) Poverty is an essential and visible feature that cannot be overlooked because of its negative effects on the life of the individual, family and society.
1- Baquba District is ranked first for all research indicators.
There is a spatial variation of the marginalized population between the districts of the study area, according to the indicators of the study

This paper highlights cyber-begging as an online easy-to-take newly-emerged mean to collect money. To realize this topic, a descriptive research method was followed and three questionnaires were designed. The first questionnaire (22 items) raises the reasons of cyber-begging. The second questionnaire (12 items) addresses the negative effects of cyber-begging. The third questionnaire (9 items) suggests remedies and treatment to prevent cyber-begging. The three questionnaire were publicly circulated to the Duhok residents of all ages and levels in order to respond to the items included. In the first questionnaire, respondents choose unemployment as a top cause of cyber-begging. In the second questionnaire, respondents underlined immorality (prostitution) as a top effect of cyber-begging. The study finds that pure Islamic norms prevent such undesirable practices as begging. The study recommends that public and private parties should raise awareness on this negative practices as money-collecting means, and that public and state authorities should provide care for the homeless. .
One of the advantages of this study is that the current research is unique in that it is a field study in Dohuk governorate and its suburbs in its content. According to the researcher’s knowledge of previous studies, there is no corresponding study in terms of form and content

This paper analyzes Iraq-based anti-children domestic violence, where it is taking place, why it is common, what types it has, and at what ages it is found. The paper emphasizes geo-distribution as a key factor in the dominant outbreak of violence against children, along with the other related factors including parents’ conditions, surroundings, education, and career. To do so, a descriptive qualitative research design was followed in the data analysis. The data related were converted into computed frequencies and tabulated percentages. Additionally, geographically distributed cases of anti-children violence were manifested in charts and figures. SPSS software and Pearson coefficient were used to reach percentile findings. The classified violence cases were granted by license and consent of the Iraqi central consensus and information technology, 2020. The paper finds that a remarkable spatial and regional anti-children domestic violence does exist across different Iraqi families as 2764 children were violence-affected in 2020. This figure suggests 19 children out of ten thousand children are likely to be violence victims. As for inter-provincial distribution, Baghdad topped the other provinces (28 cases) while Kirkuk is the lowest in violence reporting (10). In socio-economic surroundings, urban cases hit 60% and rural cases hit 39%. Female children were the most affected by domestic violence (54.1%) and male children were less (45.9%). In ages, 10-14 olds were the highest (53.8%). Physical violence was the highest type (41.0%) than the other violence types.

Language users need pragmatic competence to communicate successfully, which is the language knowledge of the speaker and the use of appropriateness and politeness rules. Politeness is a pattern of language use defined by culture, it enables the speaker to formulate appropriate speech acts, thus Politeness is considered to make the interaction between people more effective. Therefore, this study used the speech act of apology to examine the use of the politeness principle by Iraqi Male/Female EFL learners at the University of Anbar specifically. This study investigates the types of politeness principle that are frequently used by male and female students in some social contexts. Furthermore, it aims to investigate the effects of gender and other social factors on participants’ choice of politeness strategies. In collecting the data, the researcher used an oral Discourse Completion Task supported by a semi-structured interview. The collected data has been analysed using the descriptive analysis method. The findings revealed 8 out of 10 types of Leech’s politeness principles: tact, generosity, approbation, sympathy, feeling reticence, opinion reticence, and obligation of S to O. ‘Silence’ was used by the participants as a new maxim of politeness. In conclusion, the majority of the participants used most of the politeness strategies suitably regardless of their gender. This indicates that the gender of the participants has a slight effect on the choice of politeness strategies. Moreover, social status and age were the most effective social factors as compared to the others

The aim of this paper is to investigate the speech acts which convey intimidation of receiving COVID-19 vaccine, and also to examine the utilization of the strategies of intimidation. Tweets have been collected as a data source in the current qualitative study. The data of this study includes ten tweets drawn from public health tweets that has been obtained through purposive sampling from social media (Twitter) to be analyzed pragmatically. The findings indicated that the argument presented in tweets on COVID-19 vaccine was developed persuasively using various strategies of warning and prohibition. The study ends up with conclusions that hesitation of receiving COVID-19 vaccines witnessed by the world have a great impact on the types of speech acts performed by the doctors and health experts resulting in a texts. As well, they were capable of using a variety of strategies of intimidation in their debates. Notably, the application of speech acts and intimidation strategies was connected to the social interaction and contexts, and a reflective of the situation of pandemic and the hesitation about vaccine

This research studies the Erbilis who are located within the geographical borders of Erbilians, such as: Al-Hadhbani, Al-Zarzarite, Khalkany and Al-Ikhnaiy. And the reasons for the migration of these people to the Levant and Egypt, and presents the identity of these people and their role in the administrative functions in those countries. This work was done with reference to several historical books, biography and definitions books. This study is divided into an introduction and three chapters, as well as results and a list of references. The first chapter includes the naming and geography of Erbil, and the second chapter will focus on the reasons for the migration of Erbilians to the Levant and Egypt, such as scientific, economic, and other reasons, and also the third chapter includes the role of Erbilians in administrative jobs in the Levant and Egypt during (7-9thA.H./13-15thA.D.) Centuries.

Fairy tales are a form of folklore culture, as they reflect the society and era of the past. This method was passed orally from one progeny to the next. The research is a step onto highlighting Vladimir Propp’s theory’s roles and functions on the Kurdish folklore’s tale, along with, on how was the theory and functions were embodied to serve them. This study is under the title of “Practicing Propp’s Morphology Theory on the Myth of Astrology Folklore”. The research consists of two main segments. The first one is allocated for theory, while the second is devoted for practice. At last, we come to perceive that the principles and functions establish morphology theory. Most of the functions of Propp’s morphology theory are practiced on his own theory, and 23 out of 31 functions have been practiced on this tale, these functions took the role of complement in this context

Akre is one of the oldest cities in Kurdistan,this city was interested in culture in general and education and journalism in particular, Because there are many intellectuals in this city. The goal of this research is as we highlighted the education and press after the uprising of march1991 until the year 2003 This stage is important in history of education and press , Because one of the results of the 1991 uprising is to liberalize akre city from the authority of the Iraq government and entering a new phase. The reason for Choosing this subject is because the Education and press in the city of akre between the 1991 ــ 2003 years did not receive attention in the field of books and research, And most of the people who played a role in managing the educational system in akre died after 1991 except those I met and I tried hard to collect information from them to add to this research so as not to miss their hard work

The history of the Kurdish and Kurdistan has attracted a lot of attention from Iraqi Arab Historians and writers, including them in the years of the last century” especially since the beginning of the establishment of the Iraqi kingdom and after words ,and this period is considered the beginning of the emergence of the Kurdish issue with the Iraqe government, and this is why this issue is one of the most important issues for Iraqi government, and among the most prominent, historian the Arabs who wrote about the history of the Kurdish and Kurdistan, Abd al-Razzaq al- Hassani especially the history liberating government, and one of the most prominent of these movement is the movements of Sheikh Mahmoud al- Hafeed in 1919- 1941, the movements were in an important historical period because he was a contemporary of these movements, being a historian in the royal government at the time because of his knowledge of the position of the Iraqi and British governments and the position of the two the governments on these movements to highlight Al- Hassani is writings aout the movements of Sheikh Mahmoud al- Hafeed, and after relying on reliable source, we found that most of this writing are underrated to historical correction Al- Hasani was documenting the decisions issued by the Iraqi government, and most of these decisions were against semi- Mahmoud movments.

The study aims at identifying the level of social inclusion among a sample of Yazidi-Kurd immigrants living in Germany, as well as the significance of the differences in social inclusion according to some demographic variables (date of immigrant, age and gender). The study relied on the descriptive survey method through the application of a questionnaire prepared for the purposes of the current research. As the validity and reliability of the test tool were verified, on a sample of (200) subject (male and female) were randomly selected from among the immigrant Yazidis living in Germany’s Oldenburg and Dresden. The data were processed statistically using the SPSS software, and the results showed that the level of social inclusion of immigrants from the Yazidi Kurds in Germany is high. It was found that there were no significant differences in the level of social inclusion among immigrants in the date of migration, age, as well as in gender. In light of the results, a number of recommendations were presented

Background: Since ancient times, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has had a diversified population in terms of race and religion due to racial mixing and immigration. The population of the area is therefore a true ethnic mosaic made up of Kurds, Arabs, Turkmens, Assyrians, Yazidis, and other marginalized groups. As a result, the genetics of the inhabitants in contemporary Kurdistan are of interest to anthropological and forensic specialists.
Methods: A total of 60 samples were collected from Kurdistan Region of Iraq volunteers belonging to three major ethnic groups, namely: Kurds (n=20), Yazidis (n=20) and Turkmen (n=20) were analyzed by 10 Y-STRs markers (DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, DYS426, DYS437, DYS439, DYS447, DYS460, DYS461, DYS481). DNA was extracted from fresh blood samples using DNA extraction Kit.
Results: A number of genetic parameters such as mean number of alleles, allele frequency, gene diversity, polymorphic information content, genetic distance and phylogenetic were measured in this study. The loci DYS 437 and DYS 439 had the highest diversity (GD = 0.870, 0.880 and 0.900 respectively), while loci DYS 390 and DYS437 had the lowest (GD = 0.700,0.715 and 0.735 respectively). The Dendrogram separated the populations into two main cluster, Kurds and Yazidis in one cluster and Turkmen in second cluster, then Kurd and Yazidis were separated into different sub-cluster with some admix some dendogram leaves between the Kurd and Yazidis group.
Conclusions: The aim was to study a number of genetic parameters of Kurd, Yazidis and Turkmen populations in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The results showed a great convergence between the Kurdish and Yazidi groups, while the Turkmen group was far from them by the discriminating power of high-resolution Y-STR typing