Journal of Al_Anbar University for Language and Literature

This study represents an aspect of the many miracles in Surat Al-Ma’idah, The importance of this research comes from that it shows some ills and the preference of some formulas in use over others, and the explanation of the effects and details, which sheds light on the wisdom of that to show the reason for the miraculous in the Qur’anic expression. The research’s examples revolve around the use of the opinions of commentators in terms of linguistic and rhetorical methods on one topic and not others. This research showed altruism, one of the Qur’anic expressions in Surat Al-Ma’idah, and its great benefit to the researcher and reader. The study was not limited to presenting the Qur’anic expression; instead, it revealed some of its ills as well as its goodness and beauty.

The Other represents the functional acceptor of the (Ego) by describing it as the general opposite of the Self in the general and most comprehensive meaning. The Other takes different models, so he may be a friend, praiser, wife, or daughter, and on the other side, he may be an enemy or an outcast. Then, the research sought to trace the cultural references of the Other in the poetry of Al-Rai Al-Numeiri, with a focus on the fact that the tribe was represented a subjective element for the poet, and then the research did not address his study.

Rhythmic displacement represents an important tool for Sufi poets. They use it to support the religious meanings that they derive from, specifically on the internal and external vocal levels, especially since the use of sounds in poetry stems from the link between the immediate moment and the meaning to be communicated. This differentiation arises from the harmony of letters and their combination, presenting some words to others, using secondary language tools in a special artistic way, then the matching between the sounds of these words and their meanings that indicate them on the other hand until this strange industry takes place.

The era of early Islam was characterized by new characteristics, topics, goals, and meanings that carried the values of man, his progress, and his natural role in life. So, it was mixed with belief and faith, and this was linked with the experience and the the beauty of creativity, deviating from the ordinary, breaking known patterns, and building a new horizon for meanings formed in the imagination of the creator that were derived from the new Islamic environment, friction and merging with the spirit of the new age.
The Islamic poet built a horizon different from what he know in the time of ignorance. And, the religious and ideological presence had an important role in complying with the poets and rebuilding their ideas and intellectual premises according to the new stage. From here, the researcher tried to shed light on various meanings that recorded a remarkable presence in that era, including: : the word revelation and manifestations of prophecy, the power of Allah Almighty, fulfillment of the covenant, honesty with Allah, generosity and generosity, the teachings of religion, the reality of death, honesty and keeping secrets. For these topics and purposes there was a tangible change in the meaning, some of which were born in the early days of Islam, and some of them were known in the Jahiliyyah, and a new meaning was born for them in the early days of Islam. However, in the end, the absolute and firm faith remained an important axis in building the connotations of the new meanings, which contributed to strengthening and building the Islamic state and gave the reader an impression of how to submit after rebellion and obedience after disobedience, which are new meanings and births that imbued the minds of generations and society.

Studying Diwaniyah’s letters and understanding their characteristics stems from understanding the topics related to them and at the same time knowing their concept, their meanings and their position in society. For this reason, Zeki Mubarak assured that the topics are the ones which specify the kind of formulation. So the style of letters differentiates from the style of poetry in its ways and meanings. Passion, with its fluctuations between joy and anger, affects its formulation and formulation.

This study aims to identify the method of foregrounding and deferment, and its forms, manifestations, and various images in the poems of Omar Muhammad Sharif the Nass. The study depends on the applied analytical aspect of his poems, as these poems were expressive of themselves, as they spoke of their contents and meanings.
The approach of this study is based on evoking the appropriate poems and studying the types of foregrounding and deferment in them, as the form of foregrounding and deferment used may be different from one poem to another, as well as the method of foregrounding and deferment taking over most of his poems.

This study aims to show the authority of caliphs over poetry and poets when the poets taking into consideration the place of caliphs. The power of caliphs appears by favoring one poet over another, or one poet over the rest of the poets. They also have authority over poetry texts by reforming the mistakes that poets committed, as well as their suppression of poetic creativity by excluding some poetic texts, even though they are good for reasons that are mostly unrelated to the artistic and aesthetic aspects of poetry.

The imagination represents the motivator for the poet, Nasih Al-Din al- Arjani. He personified the greyness and youth, time, the ghost of the beloved, and other human moral qualities. These suggestive images reflected the poet's position towards society, life, nature and death. The poet excelled in employing personification, so we see him wandering with his imagination in the worlds of inanimateness, sensualities and morals. He uses his own feelings, so, they came loaded with intense emotions.
Al-Arjani depends heavily on the personification of sensory objects. So, we find him giving the moral more than a sensory quality which, in turn, achieved the characteristic of poetic beauty that combines contradiction and opposites. He brought it out in an unusual way that acquires astonishment and surprise. It contributes significantly to illuminating the meanings that reveal the depth of thinking of the poet. Moreover, these depictions disclose the extent to which the poet was affected by the circumstances of his time. The imagination echoed the voice of the poet who reported joys and sorrows, ugliness, beauty, connection and loss at the same time. The poet was also clever in investing many of the structures that we referred to while talking about some of his many pieces of evidence in this section such as using the method of sudden realization, praise-like slander and other methods.

The study dealt with the terminology of plagiarism according to Al-Thaalibi. He was distinguished by a special vision and a different approach in Arab criticism. He coined some terminologies from plagiarism circle, such as quotation, inclusion, dissolution of problems, and prose systems. As well as he adds some terms that were not known within the plagiarism, and some concepts of these terms differed by Al-Thaalibi from those who preceded him from the critics.

The study deals with an important purpose of Arabic poetry for Ali-Ghorab-Sfaxien, the purpose of praise. It represented a wide area of his poetry. Sfaxien was famous for his praise of the princes during the era of the Husseini state, as well as the praise of the sheikhs who was taught. Thus, praise is one of the essential ancient objects that most poets have organized throughout the ages. Hence, The study tried to identify praise in the Sfaxian master's literature.

This study sheds light on the dual and compound rhetorical terms composed of more than two words in Al-Sabki\'s (Arus Al-Afrah) (died 773 AH). The dual term consists of two words, while the compound term consists of more than two words. I have shown the opinions of the scholars and the change of the term among the scholars through time. The research is concluded with results.

This research deals with the Qur’anic evidence in Baha Al-Din Al-Subki's (773 AH) book “Arus Al-Afrah”. The Qur’anic evidence is of immense value in clarification whether linguistically, grammatically or rhetorically. The researcher clarified the most prominent observations of Al-Subki’s methodology and how he dealt with the Qur’anic evidence and its mechanism in exemplification. The researcher relied on a corpus of the noble Qur’anic verses brought by Bahaa Al-Din Al-Subki. The methodology followed by Al-Subki is his employment of the evidence in illustration and infers it to respond to those who preceded him from among the scholars. Other times he treats the Qur’anic illustration as something other than what is used by his predecessors. He replies to Al-Qazwini specifically. Moreover, what distinguishes Al-Subki is his easy way of citing the Qur’anic evidence, as well as objecting and analyzing it. Furthermore, he highlighted the contradiction and difference that some rhetoricians may fall into, as well as accuracy and diversity of evidence.

The research tackled the historical ( Urjuzah poem) by Ibn Abd Rabbu Al-Andalusi in terms of its structure and literary style, which includes 445 verse in the forays of Al-Hakam Abdul Rahman Al-Nasir Caliph, as it did not have its share of literary study. The study included a preface on the definition of Ibn Abd Rabbu and his literature, and the concept of Urjuzah poem and its primacy among the Andalusians and what is attributed to Ibn Abd Rabbu Al-Andalusi, the author of "Al-Iqd Al-Fareed". Then, we investigated the artistic construction of the Urjuzah poem and Ibn Abd Rabbu's distinctive method in summarizing the events of twenty-two years in it. Moreover, we studied its style in terms of language, poetic image and rhythm. Finally, we concluded the research with results and recommendations for future studies.

This research studies rhetorical reasoning and its concept among scholars, philosophers and grammarians, as one of the most important pillars on which the researcher builds the rules of his research. This research puts forward a set of issues that were under discussion between grammarians and rhetoricians, and how each team justified the same issue focusing on rhetorical reasoning. This leads us to conclude the extent to which the relationship is between rhetorical reasoning and grammatical reasoning, and what are the links between them.

The research dealt with the study of language and style in the poetry of Abdul Rahman Al-Kettani (D. 1334 AH). The desire of the reader depends heavily on the beauty of the sentence structure. There are several definitions of language and style. The word is closely related to the meaning. Considering the poetry of Abdul Rahman Al- Kettani, we find it compatible with what is stipulated and emphasized by the critics with regard to the appropriateness of meaning with use of the words specific to each purpose as well as the suitable words and the fluent structures. The styles used by the poet are: negation, command, foregrounding and backgrounding, interrogation, vocative, condition, emphasis, wishing, and warning.

The present research attempts to study the significations of the Qur’anic discourse in Andalusian poetry in the era of Bani al-Ahmar including the phenomena of citation and embedding. The citation from the Holy Qur’an is divided into: text citation and reference citation whereas the embedding is utilized by poets, including, prophetic hadiths, and the poems of the ancients, their images and their meanings, as well as the embedding of these poems by ancient proverbs. The study concludes that these poets have a close relationship with heritage. They communicate with this heritage in its various forms and types, utilizing what grants their experience great influence showing the creativity and intuition in dealing with the cultural heritage.

This study investigates the subject of intertextuality in Dunya Mikhail’s poetry, to identify the types of intertextuality employed to analyze them identify the mechanism of the poet’s recall of those intertextualities, and how to employ them, and the extent to which they are affected by old and contemporary poets. We defined intertextuality along with its types including: religious, mythical, intertextuality with historical tales that the poet invoked in her poetry and popular songs, and literary intertextuality, which showed the extent to which she was affected by ancient Arabic poetry.
The study was concluded with the most important results obtained as well as references.

This research sheds light on Al-Akkad\'s attitude towards the other as, specifically, stated in the autobiographical books. It deals with the other in terms of gender, thought, and ideology.

The research dealt with the study of the paradox of the title in the stories authored by Mahmoud Taymour. It includes the study of the title in two ways: Titles of story collections and titles of short stories. The research outlined that the title has a set of elements through which communicative features are achieved. Such elements must be present in every literary text.

The poetic texts reveal the calmness and emotions of the poet's personality, the sincerity and artificiality of emotions. They also refer to the situations and circumstances that the poet went through and left their impact. Consequently, the poet moves towards expressing feelings under this situation. Ibn Haddad termed these meanings as gray hair, death and complaint.

This research dealt with the rhetorical disagreement in the book “The Bride of the Wedding” in explaining the summary of the key by Bahaa Al-Din Al-Subki, as he clarified the many great advantages of Al-Subki in his extensive investigation of the issues of disagreement and liberating them, an issue of an issue that investigates everything related to disagreement and his many deductions that appear in it.
In terms of evidence, in some citizens there is a text on the matter, stating its truth and explicitly in the evidence for it

This research studies the science of prosody and the relationship of language in setting propositional rules as an epistemological study, in an attempt to discover disciplined rules in prosody, just as other sciences have disciplined total and subsidiary rules. , and this is what made it a great authority on the science of Arabic prosody, and how not, and it is the basis on which the construction of knowledge was poured, so the rule of language preservation was one of the rules of the major science of pronouns, from which minor rules branch out as a rule for preventing the convergence of residents, and a rule for the necessity of endowment on a resident, and so on. of the rules.

In the time the enemy does not want the Palestanians, nor those who live inside to stay hanges those who are exiled to come back. Although, the poet Ibrahim Nasrullah refuses to sit on the sidelines and hanges to prove his existence as a Palestinian by his poetry that tends to show rebellion. In such way of rebellion, Ibrahim Nasrullah’s poetry is considered as a phase of victory for his main issue, Palestine.
In addition, recalling the Palestinian memories in his poetry is something that the enemy is unable to take it away in the time the land is taken but not the humanity or memory of any Palestinian since those two precious things are the string between the exiled person and his marginalized identity. As a result, it is clear that the exile made Ibrahim Nasrullah more persistent and insistent on his patriotism and feeling the attachment to his country’s issue within his poetry.

This study investigates the impact of Abd Al-Qaher Al-Jarjani (D. 471 A.H) in the book "Earus Al'afrah Sharh Talkhis Almiftah " by Bahaa Al-Din Al-Subki (died 773 AH). The Sheikh had efforts and a clear imprint in theorizing and laying the foundations of Arabic rhetoric. Abd Al-Qaher Al-Jurjani is considered the first founder of the rules of Arabic rhetoric. I showed the effect of Abd Al-Qaher Al-Jurjani on Baha Al-Din Al-Subki, who is considered one of the scholars who drew on al-Jurjani's resources, I also made a comparison between Al-Subki's texts and Al-Subki's texts, to prove the extent to which Al-Subki was influenced by Al-Jurjani indirectly.

Racism is still an ongoing critical concern governing the relationship between the white and black people in the history of English Literature. It is a reflection for the ethnic and the color conflicts between these two entities of the American society. Throughout time, the differences in race and skin color regulate the relationships between them. Many writers talked about the different forms of racism; physical and verbal violence, transgression, injustice, slavery ...etc. One of them is Suzan Lorie Parks who approaches the problem of race in her plays. Past studies examined the racist attitudes in Parks’s plays. However, this article examines the racist manipulation of black woman’s body and the way of resisting this racist behavior in Venus (1996). Methodologically, the research examines the performative dimension of Parks’s archeological endeavor to locate racism in her play. She uses digging in history as her main archeological and dramatic tool in revealing the unrecorded and forgotten parts of racist history. Therefore, the study concludes that through highlighting the exploitation of black women bodies, Parks succeeds in rehistorisizing the African American history by bringing unremembered and unrecorded characters into the stage. Thus, she challenges the oversimplified and binary discourse of racism in her Venus.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the discoursal function of transitivity in the speeches of Obama and Biden. Also, it is to reveal the functions of transitivity represented by two victory speeches of Obama and Biden. These issues were presented through transitivity processes. To this end, The Hallidayan Systemic Functional Linguistics SFL (2014) was adopted as a theoretical framework to study language structure and function. Major findings reveal that the six processes were used in which, material and relational processes were ranked in the first places in both speeches.

The current research goes against the subjects of the past works that illuminate any particular traumatic form,whether sociopolitical, multicultural, racial, criminal, or environmental. Again, in a vast contrast to the Holocaust trauma, the current paper, nevertheless, endeavors mainly to discuss the contemporary oeuvre of trauma fiction, Evening Primrose (2018), by Kopano Matlwa,via the psychoanalytical lens of Allen’s attachment trauma. Thus, the paper will identify the heinous appearance of attachment trauma and its insufferable consequences on the selection's victimized characters, who are betrayed by their too-loved attachment relationships. It is also to examine the effective role of John Bowlby’s psychiatric concept of a secure base in the process of exploration through which a child’s familiarity develops so s/he may avoid being futuristically traumatized. However, if a child is environmentally or humanistically injured, this well-developmental process may renewably rebuild its fragmented personality and re-systemize its disorganized psyche. The study’s goal is to shed light on the most toxic and frequently prevalent type of attachment trauma, which occurs when a friend betrays or abandons his/her attachment companions all abruptly. Although the fiction the paper intends to analyze is reputedly studied from different sociopolitical and historical perspectives, it has never been previously analyzed in light of attachment trauma theory nor a secure base. So, this is the previously overlooked gap that this study aims to fill.

War against Iraq in 2003 was launched under certain disinformative propaganda, which claimed that Iraq owned mass destruction weapons. In addition, this propaganda stereotyped Iraqis as barbaric and savage people, exploiting the stereotyping strategy to legitimize this war. Many journalists and writers escorted the American forces to document the liberation of Iraqis in order to civilize and de-brutalize them as they propagated. Brain Turner was an eye witness as he was a soldier with the American forces invaded Iraq. However, Turner was shocked to see the atrocities committed by the American forces and the disinformation circulated by the media to stereotype Iraqis as the 'uncivilized'. Thus, he wrote poems to unmask these atrocities committed under false propaganda. As such, this article examines Turner's strategy of de-stereotyping Iraqis in two of his poems, namely, ''Leaves That the Wind Drives Earthward'' and ''Ajal''. The study follows a textual analysis of the selected poems to clear the misconceptions and disinformation used to invade the country of Iraq. The study concludes that Turner's realizations pushed him to write poems that de-stereotype Iraqis and liberate them from the labels of ‘uncivilized’ and ‘savages’ through highlighting their great culture and heritage.