Medical Journal of Babylon

A study used to determine the risk factors for spontaneous (Bloody) and procedure related (Traumatic)
hemorrhagic complications in diagnostic lumbar punctures (LPs) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL) .
In our study age of the patient and platelet count at time of diagnostic LPs are important risk factors for
hemorrhagic problems related to the procedure. In the age less than 1 year , 25 procedure performed traumatic and
bloody LPs (52% , 36 % respectively). With the low platelet count < 100 x109/L, high incidence of traumatic and
bloody LPs (33.3 %, 25.5 % respectively) , and the majority seen in cases with sever thrombocytopenia (platelet
count< 25x109) were traumatic and bloody LPs are (72 % , 27.9 % respectively).

Background: Cytochemical studies on peroxidase have contributed significantly to understanding of the movement
of lysosomal enzymes and secretory protein through the various compartments of secretary pathway. The
peroxidase in leukocytes (myeloperoxidase) could help in determining the severity of inflammation.
Aim: To determine the severity of inflammation in gingival tissue associated with aggressive periodontitis by
histochemical method and to determine peroxidase enzyme activity semiquantativity.
Material and Method: Five gingival biopsies and five blood smears, three with aggressive periodontitis and two
from healthy gingiva. Histochemical method for peroxidase activity using the technique described by Deimann et al
(1991) was used.
Results: sections clearly show a wide and intense distribution of the enzyme activity in gingival tissue with
inflammation specifically in the subepithelial connective tissue, while a discrete low activity was obtained in the
epithelial tissue. Control section showed small or few amounts of enzyme activity. In blood smears from aggressive
periodontitis and control showed similar peroxidase activity in the section.
Conclusion: PMNs dysfunction observed in periodontal lesions may be a localized phenomenon caused by plaque
bacterial products not found in healthy sites.

Hydroxyurea ( HU ) have been used for treatment of a variety of tumors . It becomes standard therapy for
chronic myelogenous leukemia , polycythemia and sickle cell disease . Numerous studies have been published about
their side effects but less studies has dealt with HU effect in histological structure of liver , therefore these
experiments were designed to study the effect of HU on hepatic tissue .We concluded that HU had negative side
effect in the liver.

Prostaglandins (PGs) have been used for many medical aspects such as parturition , blood pressure control
and another . Numerous studies have been published about their effects on the kidney , thyroid gland , male and
female reproductive system. But no previous studies has dealt the possibility of minimizing their effect or even
repair the damaging structure has been reported. These experiments were designed to study the effect of PGF2 α
on hepatic tissue and then use fenugreek seeds to overcome the PGF2 α effects on hepatic tissue . We concluded
that fenugreek seeds could inhibit the negative side effects of PGF2 α in the liver especially by using six dose of
fenugreek after PGF2 α injection in similar doses.

Seventy – one menopausal women patient (MWP) with urinary tract infections (UTI), thirty - two adulthood women
patients (AWP) with UTI and twenty normal women subjects (NWS) were the study groups. Pyuria but not
haematuria via examination of urine sediments. Kelbsiella like colony morphotypes were noted on blood agar and
Mac (on key agar, in single and mixed infection patterns. K. pneumoniae and, K. oxytoca , were identified as
uropathogens.
Klebsiella antigenic epitopes can be of B cell and of the Th2 dependent types activating mucosal humnal
immnal immune responsce in the urinary tract during Klebsiella infections. Lower mucosal antibody titers (4-16)
were noted among MWP than that of AMP (16-64). This may attributed to local costimulatory signals, activation of
suppresser T cells and disturbance of the Th1/Th2 activities leading to production of low activity and affinity
antibodies.

The aim of this study is to assess the incidence and prognosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) during the first
72 hours among six hundred patients admitted to coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in
Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital from April 2004 to May 2006 ; and to determine the characteristics of the myocardial
infarction – induced AF .
Full history and physical examination was taken and patients were followed in the coronary care unit (CCU) by
monitoring and ECG facilities during the first 72 hours of onset . Atrial fibrillation was found in 96 patients (16%) ,
32 females and 64 males.
AF occurred in the first 24 hours in 56 patients (58%) , recurrent in 24 patients (25%) and was transient (lasted less
than 24 hours ) in 80 patients (83%). Compared with patients without AF , those with this arrhythmia were older ,
had a higher frequency of heart failure (75% vs.50%) particularly in anterior myocardial infarction (94% vs. 54%)
and of pericarditis (25% vs. 7%) and had a higher CCU mortality (38% vs. 15%) .
As opposed to death rates close to (44%) among patients with anterior infarction , the presence of AF did not affect
the mortality among patients with inferior infarction (17%).
Absence of heart failure , persistent arrhythmia (longer than 24 hours ) , ventricular rate (higher than 120 beats per
minute) and recurrence of arrhythmia were not associated with increased mortality , while late onset AF after 48
hours were associated with higher mortality.
It is concluded that AF is not an uncommon arrhythmia after myocardial infarction and that its occurrence should
signify a more guarded prognosis.

Dental cares is epidemic modern disease, patients in mix-dention stage age (6-11) years old and this
cause difficulty to continue their normal life, eating, social behavior and the higher cost in there treatment, we
collect (221) child there age between (6-11) years old in Hilla town, random sample selection, our examination
applied to this samples according to (MOH) roles and after teeth perishing and bit wing radiograph technical for
diagnosis together with clinical examination, also we applied case sheet for each sample for statistic purpose.
According to this study the samples had (41.7%) caries teeth within age (6-11) years old had seen with the condition
of this study and Clinical examination about(58.3%) highly sensitive and effective in diagnosis of teeth cavitations
decay stage in correlation with radiographic examination which is about (57%) effective in getting early diagnosis
of initial teeth decay and the extension of the decay within tooth tissue and its relation to the tooth tissue changes.

Non – melanoma skin cancer like basal cell carcinoma ( BCC ) and squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC ) are not an
uncommon skin diseases in Iraqi patients, so this study was conducted to shed light on various clinical and
histopathological aspects of these cancers affecting the face, at Hilla city.
A total of 50 patients with non – melanoma skin cancers was seen. Their ages ranged between 10 – 85 years (
mean ± SD, 54.9 ± 16.1 years ), while their ages of onset ranged between 7 – 80 years ( mean ± SD, 52.4 ±
15.5 years ). The duration of the disease ranged from 1-7 years ( mean ± SD, 2.9 ± 1.5 years ). There were 28
males ( 56 ٪ ) and 22 females ( 44 ٪ ) with a sex ratio of 1.3 : 1.
Twenty – nine patients with basal cell carcinomas were seen ( 58٪ ). There ages ranged between 30 – 85 years (
mean ± SD 58.4 ± 13.9 years ), while their ages of onset between 29 – 80 years ( mean ± SD, 50.7 ± 18.4
years ). The duration of the disease ranged between 1-7years ( mean ± SD, 3.4 ± 1.4 years ). There were 16 males
( 55 ٪ ) and 13 females ( 45 ٪ ) with a sex ratio of 1.2 : 1. The clinical types of BCCs on the face were : nodulo –
ulcerative ( 38 ٪ ), pigmented ( 14 ٪ ), morpheaform ( 4 ٪ ) and cystic ( 2 ٪ ). The sites of involvement of BCCs on
the face were : nose ( 16 ٪ ), cheeks ( 14 ٪ ), forehead ( 12 ٪ ), inner canthi of eyes ( 6 ٪ ), upper vermilion lip ( 4
٪ ), retroauricular ( 4 ٪ ) and inside the auricle of left ear ( 2 ٪ ). The pathological types of BCCs were : nodular ( 40
٪ ), pigmented ( 14 ٪ ) and morpheaform ( 4 ٪ ). The clinical types of BCCs, the sites of involvement on the face
and the pathological features were comparable to what has been reported.
Eighteen patient with squamous cell carcinomas were seen ( 36 ٪ ). Their ages ranged between 10 – 70 years (
mean ± SD, 48 ± 19 years ) while their ages of onset between 7 – 68 years ( mean ± SD, 54.6 ± 10.6 years ). The
duration of the disease ranged between 1 – 3 years ( mean ± SD 1.5 ± 1.6 years ). There were 9 males ( 50 ٪ ) and 9
females ( 50 ٪ ) with a sex ratio of 1 : 1. The sites of involvement of SCCs on the face were : cheeks ( 16 ٪ ), lower
lip ( 8 ٪ ), upper lip (4 ٪ ), forehead ( 4 ٪ ), nose ( 2 ٪ ) and pinna of left ear ( 2 ٪ ). The pathological types of SCCs
were : well differentiated ( 16 ٪ ), moderately well differentiated ( 18 ٪ ) and poorly differentiated ( 2 ٪ ). Theclinical, histopathological and sites of involvement were similar to what has been reported. The study prsented the
first reported case of SCC arising from a scar of localized atrophic discoid lupus erythematosus on the upper lip, in
Iraq.
Other non – melanoma skin cancers of the face reported in the study were : basosquamous ( 2 ٪ ), mycosis
fungoides ( 2 ٪ ) and kaposi's sarcoma ( 2 ٪ ).

This work aims to study the infectious etiological agents of common bacterial pathogens associated with burn
wound infections.
In this study ,56 samples were collected from patients with burn wound infections in Hilla Surgical Teaching
Hospital .Atotal of 47 samples showed bacterial growth ,identified as following: Pseudomonas aeurginosa [(31
isolates),staphylococcus aureus (6 isolates),Klebsilla spp. (4 isolates),E.coli (4 isolates), and Proteus spp.( 2 isolates)
where as the reminder (9) samples showed no bacterial growth .
The effect of some antibiotics on these bacterial isolates was studied , and the results showed that Amikacin was the
most effective antibiotic among them.The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to invade tissues depends production
of extracellular enzymes(proteases).

The aim of this research is to counting the absorption coefficient for several concentrations of Albumin solution (
0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , 1 , 1.25 gm/100ml ) before and after exposure to Helium – Neon laser irradiation with wave
length ( 632.8 nm ) by light capacity ( 2 MW ) which occurs within visible area ( 400 – 700 nm ) by (
Spectrophotometer.PD-303 ) , it is also accounted the coefficient absorption for low concentration ( 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75
, gm/100ml ) according to Beer - Lambert Law regarding the effect of Hydrogen bonding on coefficient of
absorption whenever time increases.

this study was prepared to study malignant tumors of urinary bladder in Babylon City in term of histopathological
aspect.
Eighty one case of histologically proven primary urinary bladder tumor were collected during the period from 20052007,the results were as follow:
1.71/81 case were transitional cell carcinoma,8/81 case were squamous cell carcinoma,1/81 was adenocarcinoma
and 1/81 was undifferentiated carcinoma.
2.Male three times affected more than female.
3.Age distribution of bladder carcinoma was 25-80 year.
4.Regarding transitional cell carcinoma,most of the cases were from grade II(50/71)(70.45%).
5.Muscle invasion was present in 27.1% of the cases as follow:
A.muscle invasion was present in 18.3% of cases of transitional cell carcinoma .
B.muscle invasion was present in 100% of cases of squamous cell carcinoma.
Objective:the aim of the study is to know the most common and important tumors of urinary bladder in Babylon
city and to identify its histological features.

Treatment of plane warts is a problematic. Methods such as a combination of salicylic acid with lactic acid lotion,
cryotherapy and cauterization are used but they are associated with high recurrence rate, risk of scar, pain and high
cost. In addition, treatment with topical tretinoin lotion causes an irritant contact dermatitis that limited its use.
Contractubex gel consists of heparin sodium 5000 I.U, extre cepa 10g, allantoin 1.0g in water-soluble, fat free gel,
exerts a softening and smoothing effect on indurated, hypertrophic, painful and cosmetically disfiguring scar tissue.
In this study, the efficacy of contractubex gel in treatment of plane warts was evaluated and compared with 0.05%
tretinoin lotion treatment. The results, after six weeks follow up revealed that up to 79.4% of the lesions in
contractubex gel treated group diapered versus 20.6% of the lesions in tretinoin treated group. This modality of
treatment seems to be superior to tretinoin lotion in the treatment of plane warts and even the common type, which
is due to high efficacy of contractubex gel associated with low incidence of side effects. This is the first use for this
drug in the treatment of viral warts.

This study included (150) patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) & or chronic prostatitis (CP) visited AlHilla Teaching Hospital-Department of Urology from (October) 2004 to (May) 2005. One hundred seventeen (117)
had (BPH), (20) had chronic prostatitis CP and (13) had both BPH and CP. Prostatic secretion was taken from (33)
patients had CP selected for this study.
Prostatic secretions cultures are concerned, (45.5%) had positive results for bacteria. The most common isolates were
Staphylococcus aureus were (12.1%). Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, E.coli and
Klebsiella pneumoniae represented (6.1%) each. Enterobacter spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Corynebacterium spp.
represented (3%) each.
Zinc had inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria especially at concentrations (1.05) mg/ml in which there
was more effect on the Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria and it increased the bactericidal effect
of antibiotics. In addition, it had an effect in the loss of the capsule of the bacteria.
From this study we can concluded that zinc sulfate had inhibitory effect on the growth of Gram-negative and
Gram-positive bacteria especially when mixed with antibiotics.

The sequence of alterations in the concentrations of blood glucose and the compositions of different serum
lipids following fasting in Ramadan is not known
We therefore monitored the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low density
lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) as well as blood glucose.
Fasting blood samples were taken from 50 healthy volunteers at the beginning, during Ramadan and then
30 days following Ramadan. Blood analysis was determined for glucose and lipid profile.
Results showed non significant increase in the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C during the first 9 days of fasting in
Ramadan. This was followed by a decrease in their concentration after 18 days of fast, which tend to rise
progressively by the end of Ramadan reaching their initial values 30 days later. No changes were found in VLDL-C
through out the study. HDL-C concentration showed a gradual and highly significant decrease (P< 0.001) in its
value from start to the end of Ramadan reaching near initial values 30 days following Ramadan.
Blood glucose level remains unchanged during the 18 days of fasting in Ramadan, but later showed a
progressive decrease towards the end of Ramadan that remains even after 30 days.
These changes although unlikely would affect normal people, may be significant in hyperlipidemic
patients. Physicians working in Muslim countries should be aware that fasting in Ramadan might influence some
laboratory findings.

Objectives: Closed pleural biopsy is known to be diagnostic in approximately 75% of pleural effusion
undiagnosed by thoracocentesis or pleural fluid evaluation. The purpose of this study was to determine the
efficacy of closed pleural biopsy in exudative pleural effusion in marjan teaching hospital in Hilla.
Methods: We prospectively follow the diagnostic utility of closed pleural biopsies performed from May 2006
to November 2007 at the marjan teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq.
Results: fifty two pleural biopsies were performed in 52 patients using Abram's needle to obtain this biopsy.
Twelve cases were excluded due to no pleural tissue obtaining .
Specific diagnosis was obtained in 22 cases giving a diagnostic yield of 55%. Of these 14 revealed tuberculosis,
4 neoplasia, & 4 post-pneumonic effusion. A non-specific diagnosis was obtained in 18 cases (45%).
Conclusion: By closed pleural biopsy 55% of undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions could be diagnosed. This
shows that closed pleural biopsy is still of value as a diagnostic procedure, and should be carried out prior to
invasive procedures such as thoracoscopy or open pleural biopsy.

The present study was conducted to estimate lipid profiles in MI patients. It was found significant elevation
for total cholesterol , LDL, and triacylglycerides levels, while HDL level decrease significantly , and the incidence of
these abnormalities in females more than males patients. However VLDL was found to have positive correlation
with total cholesterol and triacylglycerides. The results also showed increase total cholesterol /HDL ratio that
consider as a good indicator for the prognosis of atherosclerosis and CAD. Our data indicated that abnormal lipid
profiles represent a useful marker for risk of CAD.

A 35 females used low dose combination oral contraceptives were enrolled in addition to 20 age matched healthy
females included as a healthy control group . PT was estimated in plasma of all subjects . It was found significantly
prolonged PT in users when compared with nonusers , and the results indicated prolong PT in the first 2 years of drug
used and the alteration of PT disappear with continuous used . The results demonstrated the effect of low dose
combination oral contraceptives on PT.

Background: Histochemical and cytochemical techniques of peroxidase enzyme activity was determined
semiquantitatively the severity of inflammation in periodontal lesions.
Aim: To determine the severity of inflammation in gingival tissues associated with paradontal abscess by
histochemical method to determine peroxidase enzyme activity.
Patients and Method: six biopsies and six blood smears, four with paradontal abscess and two from healthy
gingival. Histochemical method for peroxidase activity using the technique described by Deimann et al., (1991) was
used.
Results: In tissue with acute inflammation the sections clearly showed intense and widely distributed enzyme
activity both in the epithelium and subepithelial connective tissues, while a discrete low activity was obtained in
sections taken from healthy gingiva.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the intensity of peroxidase activity is much increased in acute inflammation of
the gingiva, (paradontal abscess), irrespective of its activity in PMNs of blood as demonstrated in blood smears.

Case Report