Journal of Al_Anbar University for Language and Literature

From the subject of research marked by (pure origins in the explanation of al-Azi to Abdullah bin Elias Kalkuri (t1099) analytical study) we find that pure origins are a manifestation of language and a set of foundations and rules on which linguists relied, and the experience of Abdullah bin Elias Kalkuri appeared crystal clear in the liver of heaven, his pure ability varied between mental and transport evidence, And the opinions of the scientists who preceded him, and who proved what he wanted to discuss, thus revealing his scientific place in inference, response, weighting, inference, explanation, guidance and investigation.

This reserch sheds light on the phonetic issues included in the book entitled “Nuzum Al-Mustaedhab” in the interpretation of the words and pronunciation of Al-Muhathab by Muhammad bin Ahmed Al-Raqbi (T: 633). The research inferred many themes, one of them is that phoneme is a natural phenomenon which concerns with everybody and can be realized by facts and impacts, etc.

Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger of God, his family, companions and those who are loyal to him, and after:
This is a study of the shift in actions by Al-Hasan bin Muhammad Ibn Yaish (d. 791 AH) in his book Sharh al-Mofasal, and it is a useful study that he assumed and answered, and the research was divided into two sections, the first topic: the shift in the past verb, and the second: the shift in the present and command verbs.

One of the most prominent features of our Arabic language is the breadth of meanings, as it opens up horizons for the speaker, whether he is a poet or an apostate, to employ vocabulary, and master the art of reinstalling it in proportion each time. For his verbal and psychological purposes. The early imams of the language spoke about it, and they considered it sometimes from the boldness of Arabic, and sometimes from the compatibility of its words with the intended meanings, and there are those who wrote about him applied studies in the Holy Qur’an. And the Holy Qur’an is the eternal revelation of God, and the ideal text of the Semitic Arabic language, and since the noble hadith is the second of the two revelations, it has conducted numerous studies in explaining its legitimate meanings. And its linguistic implications, and among those studies are books of interpretations of the Noble Prophetic hadith, full of linguistic situations and grammatical and graphic directions.

The current research dealt with the sayings attributed to the author of the book Al-Ain, Al-Khalil Al-Farahidi in the commentaries of the Ninth Century AH by Sahih Al-Bukhari. We devoted our research to what the explainer attributed to Al-Bukhari while it is not present in his book the Al-Ain, and we have shown the validity of the attribution to the Al-Ain. It has fallen from the printed copy of the Al-Ain that we have, through the evidence transmitted in language books and the abbreviations of the book Al-Ain

Morphological reasoning explanation has gained great importance in linguistics، because it is a fundamental pillar in linguistic studies as it shows how the reasoning explanations are formulated with considering their consequences. From this point of view، I considered studying morphological explanation in the book of the Thamnini for morphological reasoning explanation, being one of the important advanced books in this specification. This study aims to select important issues of morphological explanation in the book of explaining morphological reasoning and understanding them. Then the researcher gave the explanations of the scientists who came before Al Thamanini and who were after by indicating the extent to which his explanations agree with their explanations, and whether he disagreed with his master (sheikh) Ibn Jinni. The researcher agreed or disagreed with an opinion to give a summary that follows every issue.

The predicate is what has been convicted or what is spoken of. It can only be a noun and nothing else; its states are: omission, mention, definite, indefinite, described, assertive, expressed, replacement, coordinating conjunction, precedence over the predicate and delaying it after the predicate.
In this chapter, Al-Tabrizi mentioned the sates of the “predicate” considering multiple consequent rhetorical purposes. The aim of that is to show that grammatical order has enormous effects on the meaning, any change occurs to the “subject” changes the meaning as well. Therefore, rhetorician specialists call it “purpose”. Accordingly; multiple rhetorical “purposes” appear as a result of multiple cases occurred to the “subject.” These purposes reflect the prodigious of language, fascination and strength

Reading science is a science of how the words of the Qur'an are performed and their differences are a source of support for its carrier.
In other words, it deals with the words of the Qur'an from dilution and tightening, extending and shortening, facilitating the whispers and realization, and similar manifestations of the origins of the Qur'anic recitation.
It is an art that has its own terminology like other sciences of sharia, and its stages until the maturity of the ripe fruits, and this art increases the Muslim's certainty in the reliability of the Qur'anic text, and its arrival to us safe from any increase or decrease, as well as change, switching and distortion. In this research, I addressed the pure issues of action.

The research aims to reveal the most important questions that Sheikh Sharaf Al-Deen Al-Jundi relied on in his book (Anwar Al-Masabeeh). I dealt with nominatives to prove his syntactic views through the questions that he posed. The research consists of an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion

"Employing Auditory Evidence in Directing Controversial Issues for Al-Ghafqi (d. 716 AH)" The aim of this study is to highlight the effort of a grammarian indulged with his newly realized book, which is an explanation of the statements of Al-Zugagi, and the effort was limited to what introduced in tis book. Then the research introduced that keen scientist by highlighting his scientific status. It showed the grammatical disagreement that Al-Ghafqi noted in his explanation of sentences while mentioning the auditory witness. Also, the sayings of the grammarians are mentioned where auditory witnesses were mentioned. Then likelihood is given to one of them. Moreover, it presents the style of Al-Ghafqi in commenting on that controversy. To facilitate thing to the reader, Al-Ghafqi depended on verses from Qura'an , Hadith, Arabic verse and sayings. Conclusions and findings are mentioned as well.

This study dealt with an important part of Arabic grammar according to one of the eleventh century grammarians, Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Qassab Al-Rumi known as (Ibn Al-Qassab) in his book (Al-Azhar).He explained the book (Clarification of Grammatical Secrets) by Imam Muhammad bin Bir Ali Al-Barkawi, who died in the year (981 AH).This study came to highlight the distinguished scientific efforts of Sheikh Ibrahim in the grammatical explanation of what his book has the importance of being the first to explain the book (Al-Zahir) by Imam Al-Barkawi. Then the explanations followed after him until they exceeded forty. The importance of the grammatical reasoning of critical issues, like semi-auxiliaries, in the Arabic language comes from that it explains and consolidates the rulings to determine what is required and what is not, what is permissible for both, and what is desirable and reprehensible in its permissibility. Al- Azhar book is distinguished with a lot of critical grammatical issues reasoning, which is very important to be studied independently. This study is to deal with semi-auxiliaries with grammatical explanation.

The study of ancient Arabic dialects is of great importance in Arabic linguistic studies, as it is a branch of general linguistics. It is not possible to know the history of the Arabic language and to investigate the development of its vocabulary and its complexity without studying its dialects. This is to make it easier for us to understand the stages of development of the Arabic language through the eras, as this change and development cannot be the result of the moment, but rather the result of several environmental and temporal factors that contributed to reach this development

What we have now is one of the explanations of the heritage Ajurumieh that has not yet been achieved. So it was required that I investigate this heritage manuscript, study it carefully and identify its advantages and benefits. To facilitate to readers and students of science to make research and investigation in this field, especially this book is the first book achieved by the author, since its author is unknown, I resorted to introduce him and expose his method of authoring and presenting the material he dealt with. This makes his book a good reference to researchers and students to make use of. I studied the book in details and brought it back to its origin. My style was easy and clear. The study is based on the verses of the Holy Qur’an, Arab poetry, and the sources of the precedents. Then the conclusion is presented in which I counted the results that were reached.

This research sheds light on the introduction of the Moroccan scholar Muhammad ibn Mansour al-Shafshawni (d. 1232 AH), one of the scholars of the thirteenth century, and the statement of his methodology through the explanation of the Shabrawy system of Imam Abdullah bin Muhammad ibn Amer ibn Sharaf al-Din al-Shabrawy al-Masri (d. 1171 AH). The Shabrawy system is one of the grammatical systems organized by al-Shabrawy from fifty poetic verses that included five grammatical chapters the first chapter: In defining speech, the second is stating true expressions, the third is stating the number of the raised nouns, the fourth states the number of the positioned nouns, and the fifth is stating the number of the reserved nouns.

The researcher is not aware of the importance of synonymy and antagonism in the semantic lesson, so we dealt with the phenomenon of synonymy and antagonism about the scholar Ibn Farhoun in his book Al-Iddah, in which he explained the noble prophetic hadiths collected in the book of the Umda. Scholars increased in the verses of the Qur’an, and only a few of them turned to explaining the hadith of the Prophet, so the Kitab al-Iddah was the fifth book in this field, and although it is concerned with grammatical issues, it is not without semantic issues, and we have collected some synonymous and contradictory terms that were mentioned in this book.

In this research, we shed light on the scientific value that was revealed in explaining Al-Mahdawi on Al- Ajrūmiyyah as it came to mix between the ease of the phrase adopted by the author of the Al- Ajrūmiyyah text (Ibn Ajrum) and what the commentator added about the benefits of transmitting it to us from the main books in the Arabic language, so that this explanation is useful for the reader, whether he is a beginner in studying Arabic grammar or an experienced applicant. I have presented a simplified definition for the authors of both the text and the explanation for this explanation so that the work can be integrated.

Syntactic evidence is one of the strongest pillars on which the Arabic language is based. Therefore, this research comes from this field and consists of two sections. The first deals with Al-Dūmyati, his name, birth, books, and doctrine in jurisprudence. The second topic presents the syntactical evidence in his book, entitled Al-Fawa'id Al-Jaliyyah. It presents his evidence in the Holy Qur'an, the prophetic hadith, and in poetic and prosaic words

Praise be to God, the ultimate source of knowledge and contentment, and may peace be upon the chosen prophet, his family, and companions, the flags of guidance and piety. The hadith of the Prophet has been carefully cared for by scholars, both in terms of text and support. Because it represents the second source of legislation, as it is a revelation from God with its meaning, and its utterances are among the most eloquent utterances of all human beings, so he (peace and blessings of God be upon him) was the most eloquent of his people in speech, the most eloquent of them in speech, and the best of them in speech from legal provisions, divine directives, educational sermons, and linguistic studies at various levels. Therefore, I wanted my research topic to be under the title (Presentation and Delay in the Book Tuhfat Al-Abrar: Explanation of Masabih al-Sunnah by Al-Baydawi, T. 685 AH). In order to deal with the issues of submission and delay according to Al-Baydawi, it is divided into a preamble, in which I defined 'Preceding' linguistically and idiomatically, and two chapters that dealt with 'Preceding' and 'Delay' in the grammatical ranks. As for the second chapter, I dealt with 'Preceding' and 'Delay' in the sympathetic vocabulary. I ask God to grant me success in this work, so that the honourable reader may benefit from it, and If I succeed, then it is from Him, Glory is to Him, and if the other, then it is from myself and Satan, and God is innocent of him. Our last prayer is that praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad and his family and companions altogether.

This research deals with some of the semantic aspects that are mentioned in his book Al- Fatah on Abi Al- Fatah, which includes many linguistic responses to Ibn Jinni and those who were late in explaining Al-Mutanabbi’s Diwan. I chose the semantic level, knowing the method by which the meanings of words were discussed, and the use of the opinions of previous scholars, and the statement of their agreement and difference in the meanings of words. The research consisted of an introduction and three semantic topics (synonymy, verbal coexistence, semantic contrast), then a conclusion that included some results.

The current study aims to identify the grammatical interpretation of Imam Omar bin Muhammad Abi Hafs Al-Nasfi (d. 537 AH) in his book Al-Taysir fi Al-Tafsir: Al-Mansiob as a model and highlight the distinctive methodology that he followed in his book to indicate the extent to which this interpretation accommodates the grammatical interpretation and its impact on directing the meaning, as well as the value shown by this aspect in the interpretation. As Abu Hafs Al-Nasfi reviews in his book many aspects of the Qur’anic readings that were received from the scholars of the readings, as well as his grammatical interpretation of these readings. To achieve the objectives of this study, I have collected a number of issues. The accusative in his book addresses the following issues: the accusative as a second object, the accusative on the exclusion of the defiant, the accusative on the intrinsic (temptation), the accusative on the infinitive, the accusative on the distinction, the accusative on the adjective, the accusative on the circumstance, and the accusative on the case. Therefore, the aim of my research is to know the grammatical interpretation of the accusative readings in these issues according to Abu Hafs and also with some commentators and grammarians, and I did not only mention the grammatical interpretation of the accusative readings but, I also mentioned the grammatical interpretation of the abnormal readings as well. In some issues, I found a reading for which Al-Nasfi showed one grammatical interpretation, and there was another reading that we found showing more than one grammatical interpretation.

This paper examines the disputes concerning accusative nouns in (Anwar Al-massabih by Taj El-Din Al-jendi (669 A.H)), which is one of the explanations of (Misbah Al-matrazi (617 A.H)). The aim is to highlight the issues, which causes a grammatical dispute, and to explore how Al_jundy presents these issues and his ideology. Furthermore, the paper denotes the more acceptable ideology of the issues that causes the dispute. The paper consists of six issues. First, the dispute concerning confronting the predicate of the negation word Laisa. Second, the dispute concerning omitting one of the objects of Zahna wa Akhahwataha. Third, the dispute concerning the accusative of a vocative. Fourth, the dispute concerning the accusative of Almstthna. Finally, the dispute concerning confronting Altamyz on its accusative.

This research aims to highlight the efforts of the linguist Yusuf bin Ismail bin Ibrahim (who died after 812 AH) and his care to control the eye of the verb in his lexicon, Mashari’ al-Lughah. I have confined myself to the application of the letter almim to the end of the book.
I began the research with an introduction in which I introduced Youssef bin Ismail's personal and scientific biography, and then I mentioned two sections, the first of which dealt with the meaning of the verb, the sections of the triple verb, and the second of which mentioned various models of verbs that are set by the same phrase, and the research was followed by a conclusion in which I mentioned the most notable results.

This research aims to mention the forms of audio evidence in the book Hall Al-Qarayd fi Fani Al-Farayid by Abu Al-Ala’ Al-Kalabathi (d. 700 AH), and describe the author’s approach to mentioning, directing, and clarifying their various functions. Grammatical, morphological, rhetorical, or semantic issues.

The topic of the research is tagged as "The Significance of Altruism in Nouns and Verbs in the Book of Ma`wnat Al-Qari in Sahih Al-Bukhari by Abu Al-Hasan Al-Munoufi Al-Maliki (T: 939 AH)". The importance of the topic stems from its being a study of the prophetic expression that shows the places of beauty and eloquence in the texts of the hadiths, which helps us to realize them with good taste and sense, especially in the meaning of names and the significance of this deviation. The commentators of the hadeeth deliberately mentioned these causes, purposes, and causes, so they opened doors for us from which we could pick up the pearls of their meanings and their benefits. From that expansion of meanings comes the expansion of linguistic tools, which are key to extracting the sources of prophetic expression and sensing the features of linguistic connotations in the noble hadith of the Prophet.

This research attempts to push the paths of studies in ancient criticism to analyze its treatments in the field of postmodern studies to see the different points of view and the multiplicity of readings and to invest this possibility in studying the origins of meaning and its developments through literary creativity, in order to achieve the shock of awareness and the reader's expectations and the effect that it has on crystallizing the image of influence, and verifying that the ancient Arab criticism can change the angle of its view of things and its vitality in reading literary texts, and the effects that are evident in the vitality of the ancient critical lesson and the effective and productive vision of its sayings.