Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal

The experiment was conducted during the winter season 2017-2018 on
broccoli variety Paraiso under desert conditions in southern Iraq, as it nine factorial
treatments in which three planting dates interacted (1/9, 15/9 and 1/10) and three
levels of phosphate fertilization (0, 400 and 800 kg ha-1) added once after two
weeks of transplanting, to find out the best date and level of fertilization that will
affect growth, increase production and improve its quality, the results showed that
plants grown on the first date, as well as plants fertilized at the level of 800 kg ha-1
were significantly higher in vegetative growth indicators represented by plant
height, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the total vegetative
growth, and yield indicators that included weight (666.15, 552.75 g) and curd
diameter, number and weight of lateral curds, yield of a plant (0.789, 0.656 kg) and
total productivity (17.36, 14.44 ton ha-1) and the qualitative and chemical
characteristics that included crud total chlorophyll concentration (4.17, 3.96 mg
100 g-1 fresh weight), percentage of total soluble solids (9.60, 8.75%), vitamin C (
87.23, 79.77 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight), total soluble carbohydrates ( 28.95, 25.32
mg g-1 dry weight) and the percentage of total nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium
and sulfur. Only the first date plants exceeded in stem diameter, while first and
second dates and plants fertilized at the level of 800 kg ha-1 significantly exceeded
in the percentige of dry matter. The bilateral interaction between the experiment
factors achieved a significant effect on some of the characteristics under study.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, and bacterial soft rot infection of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the organic system of the multi-span house without chemical fertilization and without heating, planting was in different planting spaces. The research was directed from 14th November (sowing seeds in the nursery) 2018 to 14th of March 2019 (harvesting). The experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks (RCBD), with eight treatment planting spaces 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45cm planting spaces, the cultivars (TERESA) were used in the experiment, with four replication for each treatment. The obtained results were analyzed averages were compared by Duncan Multipliers and the least significant difference(LSD) at the possibility>0.05 level. The evaluated characteristics in this experiment were marketable fresh weight per plant, per square meter, plant height, number of leaves, plants infected with soft rot, roots length, outlet leaves, and number of heads. The highest fresh weight 511.3 gr plant, the highest number of leaves/plant 39.4l, root length 9.1 cm, leaf length 31.3 cm obtained with the wide spacing, but the highest yield 10671.4 gm/m2 and plant height were obtained with the smaller spacing 10.15 cm. Lettuce may present a yield decrease due to the occurrence of lettuce soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. This study was designed to determine the perfect sample size for evaluating disease occurrence in fields in the last spring months to collect and store heads. The soft rot infection percent was higher in low spacing 3% because the high densities of plants make contact with the plants and lowest or no infection in high spacing.

In the last few years in Kurdistan in general and in Erbil especially many fast-food restaurant opening, and they sales are rise up every day with increased customer turnout to these kind of restaurant. All that affect in badly way on working in these kinds of restaurant from cleaning, serving, safety, preparing the equipment for customer orders So, we depend the relationship between some diseases (Obesity, Diabetes, Heart disease, Blood pressure) and fast-food consumption to measure how these factors (diseases) impacting with fast –food. We distribute 80 questioners and get 65 in different fast-food restaurant at family mall-Erbil. The results and findings of this research are analyzed by SPSS to build analysis and draw conclusion. The research findings showed distinctive relation between measuring factors.

New record of two species of genus Psallopsis Reuter, 1901 belongs to Subfamily phylinae and to the Family Miridae and to the suborder of Heteroptera of order Hemiptera, these species as Psallopsis minimus (Wagner, 1967) and P. kalidiicola Konstantinov, 1997, which collected 23 twenty three insects from Baghdad / Al- Husayniya and Abu-Gharib, the other collected 20 twenty insects from Baghdad / Taji and Abu-Gharib and Al- Rashdiya, this species are a new record in Iraq during the study at 2018 – 2019. The insects Indented by used taxonomic keys depended on morphological characters and male genitalia. Used camera Lucida to draw bodies' part and picture by Dino- Lite microscope camera.

The experiment was conducted at the fields of Agriculture College-University of Baghdad Al- Jadiriyah in 2015 in sandy loam soil in order to evaluate the effect of soil moisture level and pulverization implement on tillage appearance and some soil physical properties. Two levels of soil moisture included fist moisture level 14-16% and second moisture level 18-20% and pulverization implements included: disc harrow, Spring Spike tooth harrow and rotary harrow were used. Soil surface roughness, number of clods with diameter larger than 5 cm/m2, disturbed soil volume, and soil total porosity were measured. Split plot design under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates was used. The results were showed that Rotary harrow and 14-16% moisture level superior in obtained the best soil surface roughness, less number of clods > 5cm/m2 which was 7.56 clod/m2, while Spring Spike tooth Harrow and 18-20% moisture level was superior in record highest disturbed soil volume which was 761.56 m3/ hr and soil porosity of 55.78 %. Using locally manufactured ultrasonic device for measuring soil surface roughness was done successfully in this experiment with high performance efficiency.