Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

Praise be to Allah who created man, aware man of the statement, and peace and blessings on the pillow creatures Muhammad and his Generous family, and after:Jurists and scholars alive in the hearts and thoughts of the faithful and if they departed this world, their careers and their works live what remains forever, they are sponsored by it for the hearts and neighborhoods of hearts, that Mr. Radhi al-Din Ali bin Tawoos (God's mercy) Beauty walk and role models who know her place above the level of the mind, knowledge is infinite factor the satisfaction of God Almighty Mahtata so most reservists, pride of Hilla city, his efforts to raise the nation and Asaaffha, and access to the height of greatness and integrity through Asudaih of tips and guidance gained from his grandfather and Ram and his father and his life. know religion his main concern and suggesting that arguments and evidence relied upon, teaches others how to derive rulings of the conversations of the Prophet (them blessings and peace). wrote books have scientific value and features Balothaqh text transfer in a topping books written in his time.His books (Saad Al Saud of souls) have ways a new kind of authorship in this book, the first mention of suspicions and discussed and the response based on evidence and arguments. Vmnahjah Mr. Saad Saud book include the following: the oath on two fronts:Part One: Transfer of Qurans binoculars and Rabat Mecca. Part II: What transfer of interpretations of the Koran and the specialty, has explained in detail the methodology on which the book was keeping conclusion to reach the most important included in the search results.

The Acoustics one of the cornerstones in the science of the Arabic language, and the fact that science extends to the roots of the spoken language accompanying the hand by hand with the date of birth of humanity, but what keeps the prevailing concept of sound then is merely only releases audio speech aid reflect a certain signal dubbed (language). as did not mean residents of those time immemorial what this voice, and his relationship with approximating the director or capacity, and its role in building vocabulary, and then its impact on the system based on relationships semantic between the structure and the other. All of that gave us Abu Bishr ibn Qanbar nicknamed (Sebojh) while introducing us fully linguistically system in Arabic linguistics, and this clever system that the body (the book) introducing the concepts of sound depends on the taste vitae of each letter of the Arabic This was a taste of those characters highly controversial when the sons of the modern era.It is those who stirred controversy over efforts veterans of our teacher Dr. Ghanem Kaddouri Praise who gave us effort acoustically great through his studies vocal public and the efforts of scientists intonation private, reasoned and directed and interpretive voices single and fittings in the light of the language, and presented Almousotat Arab speaking, a system and all that befalls him from changes speech aid developed by human nature.Is our teacher, Dr. Hamad note of the flags of thought voice Arab at the international level and country but to praise counting approach path exhibits from researchers in the lesson voice, there is almost pursuant What in field studies voice only Agterv of praise and his library voice lesson and investigation and research, as well as calculated for Hamad also said he provided specialized cadres in this field فشاع Iraq Arab voice lesson then one part of the sections, but the lesson voice was present and be Menhalh Praise and writings.So here we offer Praise effort on single-level language stating voices of praise and terms of his views in every position, and commentators directed sound argument and evidence. And interview all the efforts of the old and modern analyzes and position of all of the above.... And thankfully for Allah before and after ...

Pilgrimage to Mecca is obligatory for all Muslims who have enough money to do that. It is considered one of major branches of Islamic religion. Because of that task was always very hard and difficult and no one can do it. Therefore it appeared the need to trails to organize the arrival of those who do pilgrimage to Sacred House in Mecca easily and simply.Those trails were very huge in number and materials . it is obvious that during the pilgrimage, there were many risks and difficulties, so it appeared the need in Ottoman reign to form the prince of pilgrimage (Ameer Al- Haj) , taking on his responsibility to secure the road of pilgrimage caravans from nomads attacks and to secure the ration and all other requirements for arriving the privilege caravans to the Sacred House in exact time.

It is clear, that the practice of literature and art earlier than awareness of it's Terms and Concepts, and at the same time seems to be a sense of reviewing writers of literature, had accompanied the process of producing literature that, and so "it can be traced very beginning of the critique criticism to the time of the early conformation first criticism himself" (). And that critique criticism needed conformation first literary criticism, as he goes to the critic Baqir Jassim Mohammed, who counted "Aristotle's theory in simulation seed embryonic First we have received thus can promise some sort of critique criticism theoretical indirect theory teacher Plato in the parable, which received In his book (the Republic), it makes adjectives (theoretical), and (Applied) Brackets because of critical thought in those early historical period had not known critique criticism mention Ranked theoretical and practical "(). The Arab critique criticism "as an intellectual activity qualitatively, it is as old as in a recent article in his term, has to do much revolved around debates Arabs old and Msaglathm, issues of literary and rhetorical and theoretical and practical cash no doubt the significance of" ().However, the practice of criticism criticism has been lacking in awareness of its meaning, and cognitive limits of Article endoscopy, says one of the students: "While none of this transmitted between the folds of the books in the past, the winning hit of awareness is clear, and even some acute awareness sometimes in the modern curriculum, which is about to issue a prominent feature within the cognitive status quo, and for the first time to take shape within Mtsourat monetary theory and tables terminological lexicon "(). An examination of the available literature we have shown that the presence of the term (critique criticism), which delayed his appearance relatively, not accompanied by a theoretical adequately disclose what it is, and confirms its special characteristics. And coordinated way question remains awareness term (cash money), and to take him and his, to the infinite limits, and decoding confusion happening between him and disciplines other, especially literary criticism, which expanded space interpretation it to be the focus of attention criticism criticism as words "in Monetary represents, whether in the form of drafting knowledge incomplete or semi-complete, a form of reading confrontation to read again, the face does not prevent different degrees unit and kinder and reached many times end adulation and ingratiating, clash Monetary where cash-other, there is the breadth of interpretation and annotations and interpretations and differing perceptions and arguments and intellectual backgrounds and methodology, that incentive becomes criticism Monetary craters in the text entity cash and stay there in the heart of interpretation "(). So, we can say that for granted systematically, that the definition of the term or terms that revolve around books and theses and theses and studies published in peer-reviewed journals and specialized, and rooting concept, and prosecution of the motivating factors for her appearance; important part, and an authentic any scientific research, but that did not happen, especially in most of these works, which claims to go into cash Monetary explicitly, or put the title of her writings, as did the uniqueness of these studies, and books a definition of cash money, and what it is, and than, and procedures to degree "seemed status criticism cash in our exciting question in many ways, more of a critic draws attention to the existence of cash money, and defines its subject, and its relationship with cash and little to do in Onsagah and its role in the review and evaluation ... but that did not acknowledge the criticism Monetary prominent position in the field of thought, and did not extend the process definition, and did not create a device theoretically explains the conceptual structure and defines the features and reveals factors appearances and incentives "(). This means that the status of criticism Monetary still need the efforts of scholars to Taeselha, projecting on a solid scientific basis. And there are those who go to the "writings in the areas of cash cash on plentiful and diverse, has remained until now orbiting literary criticism, and respond to allegations of theoretical and applied, and did not play, making them the theory of independent literary criticism and in spite of the The presence of a large number of studies and articles that have exercised criticism cash and put the term (Cash Money) in Anoanadtha, or referred to in the content "(by).And of those books and studies include:(critique and critics Contemporaries) ().(Mohamed Mandour Arabian Monetary and laparoscopy) ().(Monetary criticism, novel learning) (a).(Contribution in literary criticism) ().(Arabian Monetary problematic new) ().(critique criticism and contemporary Arabian Monetary arthroscopy) ().(New Arab literary criticism in the story and the novel and narrative) ().(Mirror المتخالف, cash approaches in contemporary Arab thought) ().(Analysis of literary discourse on (sic) light modernist critique criticism, study in the criticism of criticism) ().(Technical standards in the criticism of modern criticism) ().(critique criticism in the Arab heritage book ideals stepper in literature writer and poet model) ().And university theses and dissertations that addressed the subject of critique criticism recall:(Abdul-Jabbar Abbas as critic) ().(Stubbornness Ghazwan as critic) ().(Jalal Khayat as critic) ().(Fadhil Thamer ascritic) (a).(The language of modern criticism in Iraq, the second half of the twentieth century)

The human since ancient Has taken care of the way of transmit and use different methods to facilitate this process, where it was invented vehicle mainly to please the human and secure transfer speed and this means it is found to serve man as due date of discovery of the wheel to the Sumerian civilization, or Mesopotamia followed Western civilization thinking in movement that came in their imagination , in 1645 designed the first wheel at the hands of Jane Tyson, but this wheel does not contain the position(Brake) or pedals gasoline and not on a leash and leadership was mostly dependent on the movement of the feet of the occupants of the wheel and then followed by the invention of the machine Love Machine invented in 1717 by Karel van and then developed by Vince Johansen, who used horses as a means to drag the cart and in the year 1739 vehicle and was created in the whole structure by Mkamalen and was a box shape and iron Atarkhcba and wooden wheels was the invention of the first car of Power and the idea of ​​the French army carried out by Nicholas Joseph in 1769. Then formed composite is an important part of our lives and our culture, but the idea of ​​vehicle associated with the concept of another called (road hazards and reflect on our future) and the first incident of a vehicle with steam engine took place in 1771 and witnesses visible and during 1899 and signed first incident appalling that killed driver and vehicle owner then interested in the world road safety standards, the current scenario through Statistics die every year thousands and infected millions all over the world by road accidents (1). And so they have become the vehicle sometimes means to destroy human beings because of misuse and not to deal with in a rational way and properly.We will deal in this research with three axes have a primary role in shaping the traffic situation including curved roads, accidents and weather.

I tried to apply the opinion that links between the style and its author. I chose mutanabi's poems because of its artistic value and the poet is very famous in the Arabic Literature. The researcher used the terms: the structures, the semantics and the rhythm. The language in the literary work is the representation of the personality of the author, and express its views through its elements so we tried to detect the effect of Mutanabi's ego in the style of his poetry. In the analysis of the poetic text, we have benefited from sources of psychology and the views of philosophers as will as theories of rhetoric and language in curriculum analysis poetry texts culled from poems Al-Mutanabi

The city of Hilla prosperous since its inception in various spheres of life, and research study addresses some of the economic aspects enjoyed by Hilla and noted that the bulk of academic studies have focused on the political and intellectual aspects and moved away from economic studies for lack of sources. Follow us in our study of the subject curriculum analysis and conclusion and the methodology of historical study to learn a lot about the history of the city, which was founded by Prince charity bin Mansour bin Dubies bin more Asadi after turn of the Emirate of the Nile (1) which is located on the north side of the city of Hilla, the longer this transition an important event in the life of the Principality Mazeedi of his desire to move away from the Nile region which masters strife and unrest, and did not fit with his ambitions to expand areas that wish to control them The name comes Hilla several meanings, including folk disembark and those frequent and collecting old (2), an ancient city famous and was denominator Sultans of Bani more and era succession between Abbas and located on the Euphrates River and divides into two parts (3), and was the first place to establish the city of Hilla, the locality gatherers current, and has signed Akhiarna to this topic because it did not knock earlier this way and show the economic importance and should be emphasis on some of the factors that gave the city of Hilla importance of those who wrote about such proximity to the city of Babylon with historical depth and geographical location between Baghdad and Basra and regions Euphrates Supreme as well as the scientific status (4) and the presence of many Arab tribes surrounding on all sides, which enabled to assume economic center for those tribes (5), and must be taken into account military site of this city where enabled this site to meet the external challenges (6) , The choice of charity bin more based in the area of ​​collectors located on the western side of the Euphrates River indicates that Coppice was one of the favorite places for the rebels (7) has given these advantages the city of Hilla prestige in the eyes of the visited, where he stated Parsons (Parsons) The city of Hilla, the heir to the glory of Babylon, which played an important cultural and political center and became an important economic source (9), and human capacity in terms of the number of people make all of this city settled leaders and governors to be taken based (10). The study factors founding cities of great importance to researchers for the nature of these factors, particularly if each city * or more workers to choose a place built on the basis of that city was the economic factor of the main factors that drove charity bin more to build the city of Hilla, Vmoda on banks of the Shatt Al Hillah led to be the city's fertile land extending to large areas benefited from the perfusion Alchrista, has elaborated historians and Albuldaon Arabs in Male farmland that surround the city of Hilla, and here is the look charity bin more economic in the selection of the place where he wanted to be his hometown in site differs from other specifications that RPR site of the city of Hilla. The importance of research in being interested in studying the economic conditions in the city of Hilla, since its founding in 495 AH and until the end of the ninth century AH, where is the economic factor to do with the mission to build a lot of cities and their development, and study this aspect has prejudice great to see the importance of economic factors that encouraged charity to choose gatherers first place to build the city of Hilla and development, and research is an attempt to determine the impact of economic factors and clarify the vision charity about choosing this place, and how helped conditions agricultural, commercial and industrial Prince Mazeedi to take a substitute for Nile homes ancestors that has become of great importance in various fields of life which gave a political role and economically significant, and therefore we see become of the Arab-Islamic cities that have contributed in various ways to the elimination of the Seljuk occupation of Iraq through its economic role. Follow us in our approach to the analysis and conclusion, this The research is divided into two sections studied in the first section emergence of the city of Hilla, and their evolution over a period of research. The second section has been the study of economic conditions and their impact on the building of Hilla, also examined geographic city of Hilla, and the importance of site Hilla geographically, and effects of terrain in building the city of Hilla, and agriculture in the city of Hilla, also touched on research to industry and commerce in this city and seal Find the most important Conclusions reached by the researcher, has relied on a number of sources and references that pointed to valuable information affecting the paragraphs search of them, Abu stay ornaments was alive 565 e in his morality Almsideh in Kings stamens, and a book Jawzi (d.: 591 e) in his book regular, and Ibn Jubayr (v: 614 e) on the trip, and Sapphire Hamwi (T: 626 e) in a dictionary countries, and the son of ether (v: 630 e) in his book full, and I'm Khalkan (T: 681 e) in his book mortality Senate and news sons of time, and I'm Alfoti ( T: 723 e) in the compound of Arts in dictionary titles, Abdullah Agheiathi was alive 891 e in his book History Agheiathi, and references book Emirate Almsideh to Abdul-Jabbar Naji and book city of Hilla major morning Mahmoud Khatib and history book Hilla to Yousif Karkosh and others. Despite the importance of topic, but what has been written about was tight, but what came across and which seems clear that the bulk of the literature on the city of Hilla and how to navigate them Prince charity bin more Asadi and economic conditions in which it is only summaries of Ibn al, and Ibn AlAtheer .

Varied topics peom in the Abbasid era multiplicity makes us almost cut that poets of this era did not leave any content of life didn't talked about it, and Amplified in detailed, and clarify its parts and analyze, whether politically or socially or culturally or other topics of daily life in all details, and it does not shows only at a depth of culture poet Abbasi obtained because of what earned it the era of the levels multicultural, particularly translation and released from them of philosophy and logic, that philosophy that made mind poet Abbasi able to analysis and interpretation, as well as taking details of the diverse life in his poetry.The children were one of the most important implications of life that occur by the Abbasids poets in their poetry, especially their Lamentations when they die, but lament children has been known since the pre-Islamic era, not only on the Abbasi poets, as is well known to everyone. But pity was not the only topic in addressing children, this one hand, on the other hand, did not focus our search on those theme, but exceed Male children in Abbasi poems to things were not familiar before age, so what shall appear through this study , so we'll talk first about the poets lament the Abbasids for their children while they were dying in front of their eyes, because this substance is the most prominent among the other contents that we will talk about later.Perhaps it is worth before detail talk about the implications lamentation, to point out an important issue and known at the same time, and I mean the participation of poets Abbasids - who inherited their children - all in grief, So their lamentation poems was overflowing by (1), so sadness character common became feather among them, The close link connecting those poems and make it similar in terms of this, the fact that the sons lament humanitarian issue that feelings does not differ a lot. No different men can't differ in the unit of sadness and intensity to the poet who dies his son before his eyes, P ((death boy crack in the liver don't heal until last term)) (2), as Ibn Abd Rabbo, and perhaps the first evidence seems to us the grief of those poets severe for the death of their children is increasing from mentioning the name of the child of the deceased or his nickname, and that if anything it shows that the shock was severe on those parents poets, The death of their sons was not expected, they are still children, so they are far from the influence of death and authority by seeing their parents, but to die opinion different in this.Perhaps a lot of mention names of children who died by their parents in their lamentation poems is a proof that their children are still present in front of their eyes, and they did not die, even if it inspired illusions and fantasies, affecting shock was severe on them without a doubt.

Poetic text is identity of loose from the immediate and present to the world tightens poet to its skies; It's a visible world, and invisible, at the same time, or that more accurately land vision open to the world as a whole; as able poet of purification and appear consciously created by the system language of the text, if poem permanent transfer to the world, and in fact,and human. Detection of all sensation and pairing between him and the fact completion of the nature of the relationship between the self, and the data that is based on and fabricated experience poetry, thus bringing to function poet creative, through his sense of all manifestations of the experiment, and modeling these relations language created by, combining fabric poetic, with the element of fantasy intensify reality, and turns it into concentrated extract. ()The sense in time through love endure spiritual is the (absence, and attendance, and waiting) as the self remains in her assiduous, assess its existence, presence, remains anxious, to achieve perfection desire, and more accurately, the self remains struggling, as well for Mkadtha in the absence of love, or loss of, or loss of potential achieved, not only in the presence of the beloved, but also in the search in the poetic imagination about the experiences of real-time wave currents between the current drawn from the past into the future. hence our start working with Rushdie in his poem (forgiveness ) with the aid, including the availability of sources helped to carry out the research on this as May God help us to complete. It is worth mentioning that the poem in question was published in the Journal of pens published by Cultural Affairs public in its eighth in August of the year 1986, and for its house-term print poetry collection full of the poet did not give her in that group but was a provision last the same title The Group had written in 1963 (). While the poem we are studying by the poet in February than a year published in the Journal of pens, and we do not know the reason for this and perhaps such conjecture that Ajriqa certainty that the poem was not available at the institution for publication.

The Relations Of Babylonian - Egyptian At Babylonian modern era(626 to 539 BC). Tension and hostility because of competition that took place between the two parties, for control of the Levant (the country Haty in Babylonian texts) that poses this region of the importance of economic for the two countries, especially Babylonia, which was in dire need of raw materials like ( wood and stone and metal) necessary that you use in construction projects Urban by the Babylonians Kings This is in addition to the Medes and later The Alakhmanin who controlled the trade routes located on the northern front and north-eastern means depriving State Babylonian sources of raw materials, which was obtained by the Kings Assyrians from this area in the past, so the face of all of King Nbobasr and his son King Nebuchadnezzar his attention to the Western Front (Syria, Palestine and the Lebanese coast and East Jordan) to compensate for this shortfall in raw materials. It seems the events that Egyptians who aspire also in control of the region have realized from the first glance aspirations Babylonian king Nbobasr toward the Levant so stood with Assyria all have the power to save Assyria from falling by the Babylonians and Medes perhaps under an agreement between the parties is that their attempts went unheeded, as the Babylonians with their allies succeeded the Medes in the destruction of the Assyrian state. After that, the Babylonians tightly controlled the Levant through military campaigns, carried out by each of the King Nbobasr and King Nebuchadnezzar II in order to ensure the subordination of their state, and the Egyptian stand against greed. Even managed Nebuchadnezzar II in one of his military campaigns of inflicting a crushing defeat in Egypt what persuaded Egypt's Pharaoh Ahmose II apart from the Levant to devote himself to the conditions of his country's domestic deteriorating so experienced political relations from the reign of this pharaoh with the successors of King Nebuchadnezzar II breakthrough in the relationship, particularly in the reign of the last Babylonian king period Enbaunid saw his clear affinity between the two countries, and the close ties of friendship and culminated in the Treaty contract between the parties in order to stand against the Persian ambitions. We have tried through this research highlight the natural political relations that prevailed between the Babylonian and Egyptian depending on what was in the historical texts of old, which seems to which the economic factor has had an important role in the outbreak of hostility between the two sides, In conclusion I hope I have and hyped in my humble,and from God reconciled.

Research problem and importance and the need of it:See most of the literature that beauty is Mthreold the recipient inter physical and psychological changes and provoke his attention and be seen and it rushes to respond to him. The difficulty facing any researcher on the subject of beauty are closely related areas of wide range of human life, as well as the plurality of opinions about the meaning of beauty and sense it and respond to it views can not be treated as scientific theories because they were not subject to the terms of scientific research, Researchers do not see it, but as hypotheses scientific verifiable or refutation because it reflects the views of their authors, and there is no confirms validity scientifically, has assumed some studies that respond aesthetic influenced inter effects, a psychological state have distinct identity and nature unique, a phenomenon on the table for the study, and measurable. The confirmed (Stolentz) The role of psychology in the interpretation of taste and aesthetic response. Perhaps the most important focus of specialists from the dimensions influential in response aesthetic dimension is emotional, which includes personal values ​​and trends and tendencies and motivations and personal characteristics Altatalb a key role in the formation of the background and emotional accept whereby rights or reject what is being offered or exposed models are tasting and evaluation. According to many of psychologists in general, personal and psychologists in particular, that the study can be personal basic approach in understanding human behavior, and that of the best entries for consideration is classified according to the features that make.As long as people walk differently according to their features, including the aesthetic response of human behavior, so trying researcher disclosure of the relationship between personality traits and aesthetic response, has identified the problem considered the following question:Is there a relationship between the aesthetic response to the recipients and other characteristics which question has not been answered scientifically is a scientific problem researchers sought to be addressed in the current search.

Political relations between civilizations ancient Semitic Characterized and over a period BC conflicts and bloody clashes based on mobilizing armies and the occupation of land and demolition of walls and burning cities and drop kingdoms, looting of property and the captivity of the people of murder, displacement and exile, down at the aspirations and desires of kings tyrants who ruled at the time the ancient Near East , and conquered peoples emerging from overloading tribute and blows invading armies In contrast there was a conflict of another kind being between Sunnis Semitic peoples, he did not Be political struggle or conflict nationally or ethnically but was a struggle civilized based on intellectual development and mental human High namely linguistic conflict that conflict was happening silently and walking movement sleep closer to the slow movement is hardly felt by one extending to affect the centuries periods of time and access to one of the results set by the characteristics identified and laid the bases laws linguistic conflict. Either prevail and triumph versus the yard and disappearing one of Almtsarotain languages ​​and this is what happened to the Languages ​​Commissioner in conflict with each other or to remain in a state of coexistence between the two. This research is an attempt to identify the attributes and the results of the conflict linguistic happened between Sunnis Semitic peoples and languages ​​has which we classified into three sections we have boot for conflict linguistic and laws that define the general framework of the struggle between different languages ​​has included first section of each of the Sumerian and Akkadian language and conflict between these two languages, results, and although the Sumerian language is not one of the Semitic languages ​​but it was not possible to exclude that the Sumerian language is the first language written and known in the ancient Near East, especially Mesopotamia and the first language entered a struggle to linguistically with Semitic language roots which Akkadian languageThe second section has dealt with the Aramaic language and then struggle with both the Akkadian language and the Hebrew language.The third topic addressed the Arabic language and its conflict with the North both Aramaic and Arabic South. We ended The research with number of results and the list of Arab and foreign materials .