Journal of University of Babylon

The focus of this research is Jarir's poem (Ban Al-Khalit, i.e. the mixture is disclosed). The poem is one of the poet's most beautiful poems which involves beautiful poetic images that appealed to the researcher who tries to touch on the reasons for this admiration and its motives. The goal was to reveal the stylistic structures that dominated on the surface of the text, and thus became a distinctive feature of it; as well as to read the significance of each structure and its impact in the general context of the poem until this poem appeared a fine poetry model representative of the experience of one of the prominent poets of the Islamic era who cannot be ignored in any way because of his fame all over the horizon. The poem was studied at the known three levels in the stylistic study: meaning, structure and sound; taking into account the remarkably common structures and trying to read this and its effect in the detection of literary creativity concerning the poem composition. Accordingly, a glimpse of Jarir's poetic talent is given.

The goal of lexical pragmatic approaches; relevance theoretic and bidirectional, is to give a systematic and explanatory account of word meanings that are adjusted in use. As the two approaches account for this lexical phenomenon based on conversational implicature, the present paper investigates the contribution of the two approaches in lexical word meanings adjustment in children’s interpretation referring to the role contextual factors would play. It basically aims at identifying how these approaches deal with word meanings adjustment, underlying some of the problems with each approach, and show how they are utilized in analyzing the selected data. The study concluded that to obtain a systematic and explanatory account of word meanings adjustment, the two approaches should be combined in one eclectic model.

The central goal of this paper is to scrutinize the systemic failings of the contemporary
moment of Iraqi government aftermath. The study comes as a critique of the colonial moment of injustice using the resurrection of Frankenstein which appears as a moment of resistance and failure. The study, furthermore, reveals how the cruelty of war is shown as a dehumanizing force in Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad with continuous violence that refreshes itself by generating more violence and how that everyday harsh stories are mostly shaped by the state of disorder under and after the occupation. It, also, shows the extent to which the monster is the representation of reality of Iraqi conditions after the 2003 US occupation. One of the conclusions the researcher has arrived at is that under the US occupation people, instead of welfare, left without a will to decide their fate. They cannot declare their position against the Americans and the state of armed terrorism, and they cannot at the same time support acts of murder and terrorism.

The present study deals with the use of lexical items by Tom Hardy for self-promotion and Self-supplication. It deals with the use of different lexical items as a micro level device by Tom Hardy to be viewed as the successful Hollywood actor who acts in successful films besides being viewed as the helpless young man who made illegal actions for being immature to gain more fame, wealth, new turns in films and passing the ideology of Americanism to the audience. The problem of this study is that the use lexical items by Tom Hardy for gaining the impressions of self-promotion and supplication has not been tackled within the field of critical pragmatics. This study aims at finding out the types of lexical items used by Tom Hardy in Jonothan Ross Show for self-promotion and self-supplication. This study hypothesizes that Tom Hardy uses mainly lexical items with experiential value to be viewed as a successful actor and helpless young man. This study is significant since it deals with the use of social psychological strategies by an actor for influencing the audience from a critical pragmatic perceptive.

This study deals with the poetic blog of the poet Abdullah Al Bardony from a certain perspective. It deals with his experience and the reality he embodied in the text based on human bases which the poet extracts from recalling previous human characters. Upon doing that, the poet does not create these human bases from the beginning but he extracts them from his human experience and from his reality which he considers a source from which he recalls his human material. Recalling that is not an end. The poet does not intend only such recall such as when he recalls a character from heritage. The recall here is a change of context where the poet removes the character from a context to another with the intention to target the enrichment of a new meaning to be added to the outstanding meaning in the previous context.
Recalling previous characters is like borrowing characters that were ready in existence. The poet did not create them from nothing. They are characters that were realized in reality and felt by the minds of the people. The poet does not need to define such characters or to identify them to the society. He borrows these characters as they are famous everywhere. The preparation of characters is a double-edged weapon. They are not unknown so that recipients are eager to know them but they are already known so that recipients may be reluctant to know them as they are losing passion to what artistic features the poet may cover them with to make these characters appear appalling. In short, the poet resists the preparedness of characters with the presentation of a new preparedness.
Since man is the main theme of the art work, and since man is producing the dialogue through its whole function that he may perform and employ through a certain mechanism, this study aims at achieving its objectives through three main steps:
- Defining the term of borrowing (recalling previous characters) and how did the poet realize it.
- Types of recalled (borrowed) characters and choosing three of them to identify the size of their presence.
- Identifying four functions realized by recalling (borrowing) characters: linguistic, rhetoric, narrative and semantic functions.

The current study aimed to know:
-The level of Perception Role of educational counselors.
- Significance of differences in of Perception Role among educational counselors according to the variables (gender, academic achievement) .
-The level of Persuasion of educational counselors.
- Significance of differences in Persuasion among educational counselors according to the variables (gender, academic achievement) .
-The relationship between the Perception Role and the Persuasion of the
The aims Of The Current study, the Following:
- Adopting The Perception Role scale Which In Its Final Form Consisted Of (28) Paragraphs, and Adopting The Persuasion scale Which In Its Final Form Consisted Of (30) Paragraphs, the study is Determined By Educational Counselors Of Both Sexes (Males, Females) In The Babylon Education Directorate For The Academic Year 2021/2022, and the research Community Consists Of (675) Counselors, ,The Number Of The Study Sample Amounted to (200) Counselors was chosen by the stratified random method , and analyzed the data using statistical Package For The social sciences (SPSS) In data Processing.
1- the educational Counselors have Perception Role.
2- There is effect of gender on the Perception Role of educational counselors.
3- There is no effect of academic achievement on the Perception Role of educational counselors.
4- the educational Counselors have Persuasion.
5- There is no effect of gender, academic achievement on the Persuasion of educational counselors.
6- The relationship between the Perception Role and the Persuasion of the educational counselors.
The results Of Study, Some recommendations and suggestions Were Presented.

The current research included four chapters. In the first chapter، it dealt with the research problem, its importance, and the need for it. The researcher defined the limits of the research with the vocabulary of African art. Then came the definition of the search terms, which included the definition of employment and vocabulary. The second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework, which consists of two chapters. The first is African art, and what is African art and the subject The second is the foundations and elements of the design, and the third chapter included the research procedures, which are the research community, the research sample, and the sample analysis of the researcher's works, which numbered 4 works. engineering ceramics) and the conclusions، including benefiting from (the diversity occurring in the African word, which gave a clear difference in all samples), and then the recommendations, including (the use of kaolin clay directly in the production of African ceramic works) and finally the proposals, including (the employment of the African dress item in contemporary ceramic work).

The tagged research dealt with (conceptual dimensions of the human image and its approaches in graffiti art in the light of the propositions of "Gilles Deleuze"), the first chapter of which included the research problem, its importance and the need for it, as well as the aim of the study, which was represented by "knowing the conceptual dimensions of the human image and its approaches in graffiti art in In light of the propositions of "Gilles Deleuze", then the two researchers finished the aforementioned chapter by defining the terminology. As for the second chapter, which dealt with a presentation of the theoretical framework within two sections, the first topic dealt with: (a study in the thought of Gilles Deleuze), while the second topic was concerned with (graffiti art: a study of concepts). applications)
As for the third chapter, the descriptive approach was adopted for the purpose of analyzing the research sample according to the indicators adopted by the two researchers, and the research sample was chosen in an intentional manner that covered the limits of the research. As for the fourth chapter, it contained the results and conclusions of the research, which included:
It appeared through the analysis of the research sample models that the elements of the artistic work are characterized by multiplicity and diversity, as well as the situation at the level of multiplicity and diversity of methods and techniques through which the conceptual dimensions of the human image were formulated.
• There is an undermining of the hierarchical hierarchy of power with all its political, religious and patriarchal names, as the forms are in a scattered medium far from such a hierarchy, and this is an ideal case according to Deleuze's treatises according to artistic, technical and stylistic treatments that consolidate the concepts of multiplicity, diversity and fragmentation.
• Deleuze's proposals constitute real approaches to the image of contemporary artwork, which is usually characterized by freedom, abundance of elements, departure from hierarchical systems and lack of concentration, and that the conceptual dimensions of the human form in it take their names from these same new characteristics.

(Lamentation for Cities) occupies a large area in Arabic poetry, both ancient and modern, as a form of expression that developed the purpose of (Lamentation for Persons), which is known as mourning for the dead and crying and enumerating its characteristics in encouraging terms and sad words, after the ruins befell the cities, and it reflects the nature of the political fluctuations that sweep through The eras of government are in different stages, and this color is more influential than the people’s lamentation. Being the result of a harsh and deep experience that transcends the pain of the self with its specificity to the suffering of the calamities that befell the homeland and the great and important concerns, this is what prompted us to choose it as a topic for our research marked "Lamentation of Cities between the Two Ages (Abbasid and Hadith) in Iraq."
The research adopted the integrative approach, benefiting from the psychological and historical approach, as well as the structural approach, which considered the text as its main starting point, while taking care of the contexts surrounding the text, to reveal its formative images and elements, and monitor its overall significance.
The research plan was based on two parts, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion in which the results of the research were presented. As for the introduction, it separated the saying in it from (the lamentation of cities), its causes, and its development in Iraqi poetry, starting from the Abbasid era to the present day.

The research is concerned with a subject study (the problem of coloring in the sculptures of ancient civilizations). It is long, but the method of coloring it and the choice of colors is what dazzled the eyes and robbed the minds, and some of it is artificial and some is natural, i.e. existing in living nature originally without change or mixing depending on the original raw material of the dye extracted from nature, and the problem ended with the following question?), its importance and the need for a mechanism to shed light on colored sculptures in which coloring is considered as a way of expressing thought or belief in those eras. Learn about primitive methods, ideas and techniques. The aim of the research was to identify the problem of coloring in the sculptures of ancient civilizations. The research represented the temporal boundaries (2800-530 BC). This period included three civilizations starting from the beginning of the Sumerian revival and ending with the Persian occupation of the three civilizations. And the definition of terms that included the problematic language، idiomatically and procedurally, coloring in language, idiomatically and procedurally, and sculpture Language, terminology and procedural The second chapter included three consecutive topics. The first topic is the concept of coloring and its intellectual dimensions. The second topic includes the problem of coloring and the diversity of its patterns and methods. The third topic is art in ancient civilizations. In the third chapter, the procedures came after the researcher touched on the indicators, the theoretical framework, the selection of the sample, and the analysis of the colored sculptural works. The researcher chose 6 samples that serve the directions of the current research, and then the fourth chapter. Results: The coloring indicates a religious and worldly significance according to the belief of each civilization. Color is considered one of the most important elements of plastic formulations, as it represents the definition of the body and space of the artwork. Conclusions: The ancient Iraqi sculptor relied on sacred symbols. The Sumerians revered it as a bull and a lion. And the Egyptian sculptor relied on realism and symbolism. Recommendations: Making ancient sculptural models in imitation of the ancient civilizations of Iraq, Egypt and Greece, and distributing them to schools to communicate the idea and culture and increase knowledge of their ancient civilization.

The reciprocal relationship between the figure and the floor is one of the variables that occurred in the reciprocal relationship. Through the study conducted by the researchers on the decorative typographic designs, it was found that it was worthy to be studied, so the researchers identified its problem by asking: What is the reciprocal relationship between the shape and the floor in the decorative typographic designs? While the two researchers dealt with the theoretical framework through two sections, the first section includes the mental aspects of realizing the relationship between shapes and floors . and the second section includes the aesthetics of decorative designs based on the materials and techniques of the era of technology. As for the third chapter, where the researchers followed the analytical descriptive approach, the researchers identified the research community, which is (50) forms, and its sample was intentionally chosen by 10%.
The fourth chapter is the results of the research:
The shape is always realized in most cases above and in front of the floor, and sometimes gaps occur in it or treatments are done through it. As for the conclusions, the use of exchange in the elements led to achieving a new approach to study the role of actual movement in supporting the typographic design, and thus achieved attracting attention and arousing interest.
The researchers recommended taking advantage of electronic programs and assistive devices to support the educational process in the productive field.

This research is concerned with addressing the problem of the constitutional organization of the formation of the Federal Supreme Court, as it deals with the constitutional texts that relate to the formation of the court in the light of the provisions contained in this regard in the texts mentioned in the "State Administration Law 2004 AD", and in the provisions that include the "Constitution of the Republic of Iraq in force for the year 2005 AD" .So we started the research by addressing the formation of the court in the light of the provisions of the old constitutions of Iraq. Most of the Iraqi constitutions before 2003 AD neglected to mention the establishment of an effective and real Supreme Court concerned with adjudicating the constitutionality of laws, regulations, instructions and decisions issued by the two executive and legislative authorities since the establishment of the Iraqi state in the year 1921 AD. With the exception of the Iraqi Basic Law of 1925 AD and the Constitution of 1968 AD.As for after the invasion of Iraq by the American forces and allied countries in the year 2003 AD, there are two phases in which the formation of the court was mentioned. The saree is currently working .Our research looks at the extent of compatibility be "tween constitutional texts and provisions, or not, between the formation of the court in the light of the provisions of our applied constitution 2005 AD and its current formation within the "current Federal Supreme Court Law in accordance with Order No. Knowing the legal basis for the validity of the current court law despite the 2005 constitution entering into force nearly eighteen years ago. Important recommendations that we hope to be taken by the concerned authorities.

The research deals with the possibility of using plant residues (palm fronds) in the production of paper clay, where the reeds were ground and added to the sodium hydroxide solution, which acts as a solvent for cellulose fibers and breaks the bonds between its molecules, so that the fronds powder turns into a thick paste that was then added with kaolin at a rate of (20%). The solvent solution was used in three concentrations (10-20-30%) and the results of the formability were directly proportional to the increase in the concentration of the solution, knowing that all the mixtures were successful and easy to form as well as were successful in terms of drying and burning and the models were burned at a degree (1000 C). The pottery was glazed using ready-made alkaline glass at a temperature of (960 °C), and the most important results were.
Paper clay can be produced using plant residues (palm fronds) using sodium hydroxide solution as a solvent.