MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris
using 5 types of nickel–titanium endodontic instruments (Hand ProTaper, Rotary
ProTaper, Rotary Mtwo, RECIPROC and WaveOne). Seventy-five freshly extracted
mandibular premolar teeth were used in this study. All teeth were shortened to a
length of 14mm. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups (each group
containing 15 samples) according to the type of instrumentation systems used. Group
I: instrumented by hand ProTaper system (Hand technique). Group II: instrumented by rotary ProTaper system. Group III: instrumented by rotary Mtwo system. Group 1V: instrumented by single file RECIPROC system. Group V: instrumented by single file WaveOne system. Debris extruded from the apical foramen was collected into pre-weighed glass vials. The difference between the weights of vial (pre-weight and post-weight) represented the weight of debris extruded from apical foramen during
canal preparation. The results showed that all groups induced extrusion of debris, Mtwo group (III) has statistically the lowest mean value of apically extruded debris in
comparing with all other groups, followed by rotary ProTaper (II), hand ProTaper (I), and WaveOne (V) groups respectively. While the RECIPROC group (IV) has statistically highest mean value.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of four
resin based endodontic sealers after 24 hrs.
Materials and Method: The freshly mixed sealers were AH26, AH-plus, Epiphany
and Topseal. They were prepared according to manufacturer’s instruction and placed in prepared wells of 40 agar plates inoculated with Streptococcus viridans,
Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. (10 samples for each
microorganism). Four cavities, each one measuring 5 ml in diameter and 4 ml in depth, were made in each agar plate using cork poorer. Agar diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar was employed, and zones of inhibition were measured after 1day.
Results: AH26 containing proved to be the most effective against all microorganisms tested. This was followed by Epiphany. Topseal which showed antibacterial activity on all tested microorganisms slightly higher than that of AH-Plus which showed the least action on all tested microorganisms.
Conclusion: All the sealers evaluated in this study showed different inhibitory effect against all bacterial strains.

The aim was to assess the vertical and horizontal dimensional changes in the maxillary and mandibular dental arches after the unilateral premature loss of deciduous molars. Methods: The sample consist of 100 child between 8-9 years of age with unilateral loss of first or second deciduous molars, either in the maxillary or
mandibular arches, Study casts were made and measurements conducted on the Auto sketch program on the computer , The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The Results of the study showed that when comparing the mean values of the loss groups with the control group a statistically significant difference in the maxillary (A) distance after the premature loss of first or second deciduous molars, however a high significant difference statistically in the (ML) distance recorded after the premature loss of maxillary second deciduous molar ,while in the mandibular arch a statistically high significant difference observed in most of the vertical and horizontal distances following premature loss of second deciduous molar.
Conclusions: The major effect on the dental arch length and width following the premature loss of the deciduous molars, indicating the need for fitting the space maintainers' appliances as soon as the extraction is the final decision to the dentist

Background: One of the primary applications for thermoplastics flexible resins
involved flexible partial dentures tooth born and combination flexible and
chromium cobalt framework partial denture. There are certain to be many new
clinical applications for thermoplastic resins in dentistry. The cleansers effect
maturity of the sterilization of acrylic resin denture base; therefore, it using
chemical or physical methods can minimize the risk of periodontal disease such as
denture related stomatitis in denture users.
This study aims: to evaluate of the effect of hypochlorite cleanser on the water
sorptsion and solubility of flexible and conventional hot – cure acrylic resin
denture base. Compare the results on the water sorption and solubility between
specimens.
Methods: Sixty of flexible and hot –cured acrylic resin specimens were prepared as
following:
30 samples from hot – cure acrylic divided into two group 15 specimens immerse in the hypochlorite and 15 specimens immerse in the water. The process is cured in the water bath according to the conventional method. 30 specimens from flexible resin divided into two group 15 specimens immerse in the hypochlorite
and 15 specimens immerse in the water. The process is cured in the plastic
injection machine.
Results: showed highly significant differences among these groups. It showed that the hot – cured acrylic high water sorption and lower solubility and the flexible resin lower water sorption and high solubility.
Conclusion:
1. The comparison between the hot –cured acrylic and flexible resin denture base immersed in the hypochlorite and water on the water sorption is higher of the hot –cure acrylic and lower of the flexible resin.
2. The flexible resin denture base immersed in the hypochlorite and water is higher solubility compared with the hot –cured acrylic is lower solubility.

The importance of properly designed removable partial denture cannot be
overemphasized, the execution of removable partial denture design may determine the success or failure of the appliance inadequate design assures its facility.
This study was done to confirm the effect of Kennedy classification and clinical examination on the removable partial design of group (A) dental technician and group (B) the dentists, and to be solved in future.
The result show 36% of the cases were modified and changed according to the cases related variables this high and significant number of munificent reinforces the position that RPD design should be decided and guided by the dentists.
The study conducted the effects of Kennedy classification and clinical
examination on the RPD design marked by the dentists after providing the clinical examination played a very important role in changing the RPD designs.

To evaluate the effect of addition of different fibers on some mechanical
properties of heat cured acrylic resin (flexural strength, impact strength and hardness).
210 specimens were used in the study.70 specimens were used for flexural
strength with measurements (65mm*10mm*2.5mm) length, width and thickness respectively. The specimens were divided into seven test groups (n=10). The first group is the Control one and it was without fiber reinforcement, second group reinforced with 2mm polyester fibers, third group reinforced with 4mm polyester fibers, fourth group reinforced with 2mm Polypropylene fibers, fifth group reinforced with 4mm Polypropylene fibers, sixth group reinforced with 2mm of both fibers (polyester and Polypropylene), and seventh group reinforced with 4mm of both fibers (polyester and Polypropylene). 70 specimens were used for impact strength in seven
group (n=10) with measurements (80mm*10mm*4mm) length, width and thickness respectively. 70 specimens were used for hardness test in seven groups (n=10) with measurements (65mm*10mm*2.5mm) length, width and thickness respectively.
The Results Show that there are highly significant differences between all groups except for a significant differences between control and combination 2 mm fiber length (mean differences=33.45). For the hardness test the comparisons show that there is no significant differences between groups except for a significant differences between control and combination of both fibers with 2mm length (mean differences=-
1.34). For impact strength; there are highly significant differences between all groups except for a significant differences between Polyester fiber of 2mm length and combination of the two fiber of 2 mm length (mean differences=-3.1).
In conclusion, the addition of different fibers (polyester and Polypropylene) to acrylic resin gives it more resistance to break and more resistance to bend.

Background: some properties of heat-cured acrylic resin are required to be
improved (like flexural strength, hardness and porosity) by adding different types of
fibers like polypropylene fiber, also needed to determine these properties with
addition of polypropylene fibers and curing the polymer by autoclave. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the effect of adding polypropylene fibers in two different
lengths (6mm, 12mm) and concentration 2%, and the effect of autoclave processing on some properties(flexural, surface hardness and porosity).
Material and method: A total No. of 120 specimens were prepared in this study and divided into two main groups according to length of fibers (6mm,12mm) , each
main group was subdivided into two groups according to method of adding the fiber (directly to the powder or immersed in monomer). Each group of them contain 10 specimens for each test.
Result: in this study, the transverse strength and surface hardness of heat cured acrylic reinforced by randomly oriented polypropylene fibers (12mm, 2%) regardless to application method with higher significance than other groups. Fiber reinforcement and autoclave processing showed non-significant effect on porosity of heat cure acrylic resin according to ANOVA t-test.
Conclusion: Reinforcement by randomly oriented polypropylene fiber (12mm, 2%) added with and without immersion in monomer better than other groups according to transverse strength and surface hardness with autoclave processing but there is no effect of added fibers on porosity test.

The bond strength of metal-resin interface of prosthesis is a key factor in
determining the serviceability of that prosthesis. The main objective of this study was
to determine the effect of different surface treatment on the shear bond strength of Ni-
Cr alloy (CB-Blando 72 alloy) and heat cured acrylic veneer resin (Ivoclar Co.).One
hundred twenty eight disc shaped samples from base plate wax were prepared, the
diameter of disc was (8mm×4.5mm).After casting the metal, the samples were
cleaned, finished, and polished by silicon carbide abrasive paper with a grit size
(600μm), and then the profilometer was used to determine the surface roughness of
the samples (Ra) which ranged between (0.09-0.13μm). Then the samples were
divided into 2 categories ,each category contain (64)samples which also were
subdivided into 8 group ,the first category include (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) and the
second category include (At, Bt, Ct, Dt, Et, Ft, Gt, Ht), according to the metal surface
treatment which include :
Group A, At: Received no treatment and serve as control.
Group B, Bt: Received chemical treatment using chemical bonding agent (Metal primer II).
Group C, Ct: Received micromechanical treatment using air abrasion with 50μm Al2O3.
Group D, Dt: Received micromechanical treatment using air abrasion with 50μm Al2O3 +metal primer II
Group E, Et : Received micromechanical treatment using air abrasion with
110μmAl2O3.
Group F, Ft: Received micromechanical / chemical treatment using (air
Abrasion110μm Al2O3 + metal primer II application).
Group G ,Gt: Received micromechanical treatment using air abrasion 250μm Al2O3. Group H, Ht: Received micromechanical /chemical treatment using (air abrasion 250μm Al2O3 +metal primer II).
The acrylic was then prepared as round shape (8mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness) that was placed on the metal surface treatment; the acrylic was fabricated in the same conventional way for construction veneer resin.
For the specimens in the first category, the specimens were tested under dry condition, while in the second category; the specimens were tested after (24) hoursstorage in water room temperature (37˚C) and (1000 time) thermocycling. The shear bond strength was tested in instron universal testing machine.
The results before and after thermocycling showed that the air abrasion with 50μm Al2O3 plus metal primer II group gave the highest shear bond values, followed by air abrasion with 110μm Al2O3 plus metal primer II, followed by air abrasion with
50μm Al2O3, followed by air abrasion with 250μm Al2O3 plus metal primer II, followed by air abrasion with 110μm Al2O3, followed by air abrasion with 250μm, followed by metal primer II group, and followed by untreated group.
Also after thermocycling showead that the micromechanical/chemical treatment (air abrasion with Al2O3+metal primer II) gave the highest and more durable shear bond strength values than other groups.

Aim: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical and mechanical
surface treatments on repaired acrylic resin in terms of transverse strength.
Materials and methods: seventy acrylic specimens were fabricated and divided into 7 groups according to kind of reinforcement materials. Thesespecimenswere cut in the mid and a space of 3 mm was created. The repair was done with various surface treatments and specimenswere then subjected to loads till fracture. Data were analysed and compared via ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results: the transverse strength of repaired acrylic resin had been influenced by the type of surface treatment used.The repaired samples withglass fibers,stainless steel wire and monomerimproved significantly the bond strength than untreated group
(P<0.05).Statistically, there were significant differences between control group and repaired groups (P<0.05); and among all repaired groups (P<0.05) with
exception no significant differencesbetween fiber and monomer, and wire and monomer groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:A combination of chemical and mechanical treatments has a significant effect on transverse strengths. The repaired joints with monomer, wire, or glass fibers had significantly improved the strength of repaired acrylic resin.

Aim: To determine the Prevalence of Radix Entomolaris & Radix paramolaris in the lower molar teeth during their extraction.
Introduction: mandibular molar is the earliest permanent posterior tooth to erupt,
responsible for development of occlusion and important physiologic functions like chewing. Permanent molars was the most common teeth needing extraction in Iraq. Thus, it is of utmost importance that the clinician be familiar with variations in the root and root can Mandibular molars
Materials and Methods: A clinical Study for 5- years done 0n 842 extracted teeth. In the Department of oral and maxilla-facial surgery clinic, college of dentistry, university of Tikrit.
Results: Radix Entomolaris Radix& paramolaris was found in38 of the extracted teeth with prevalence of 4.5 % with95 % confidence ranging between (3.1-5.9%).1st molar consistuited about 3 / 4 (76.7 %) of the study sampling .On over all the prevalence rate of this root variant was slightly higher among females. Also the position of this variation shows that the right side significantly higher.
Conclusion: The high frequency of an extra root in mandibular molars makes it essential for dentist to be familiar with this anatomical variation. . Further extensive research is warranted to detect the incidence of this anatomical variation in the complete Iraqi population

Alveolar bony defects represent one of the most common problems that face oral surgeons who practice dental implant placement. This case report describes a modification of a recent technique that aims to restore a bony defect in the implant site using a cylindrical bone block autograft taken from the patient’s own chin; then to make both clinical and radiographic evaluation of the prognosis periodically over six months postoperatively. The technique was found to be effective and successful as a treatment option to restore implant site bony defects.

Stress is well approved to be co-related to the dental extraction procedure, and
linked to the increase in cortisol levels in patients undergoing dental treatments. Bone
affected vastly by exposure to cortisol and that is mainly due to scavenging of
minerals (calcium and phosphorus) from the bone by cortisol to be consumed as a fuel
and energy source in the process of gluconeogenesis; hence, alter the density of bone
and can cause substantial deterioration in bone quality and quantity. Cortisol can be
influential on the function of both the osteoblasts and the osteoclasts and that will demonstrate significant changes on bone as well. This research investigated the
relation between the levels of cortisol and calcium ions with the degree of stress before and after routine dental extraction.
Fifty two participants were included in this study, all met the inclusion and
exclusion criteria designated for the research; they were subdivided into 2 groups, first
group was admitted to salivary cortisol evaluation, and salivary calcium ions were achieved for the second group.
The collected data represent a significant increase in both salivary cortisol and salivary calcium ions in the post – dental extraction group when compared to the preextraction
group. The evaluated salivary cortisol with mean of 4.589± 0.819 mmol/L
for pre- extraction while, in the post-extraction the mean was 5.364 ± 1.017 mmol/L with a significant changes. The salivary calcium ions mean were 5.66 ±0.985 mmol/L, while for the post-extraction mean was 6.380± 1.161 mmol/L with a significant changes . The findings of this research gave an insight that stress plays an essential role in altering both salivary calcium ions and cortisol levels in the post-extraction period, as both increased significantly.

Introduction: Despite the wide use of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block anaesthesia in
dentistry it has a high percentage of failure (10 to 20%). This failure rate
represents a challenging clinical problem in the management of mandibular teeth.
There have been several explanations for this problem. Some authors believe that
incorrect localization of the nerve near the mandibular foramen is the main
problem with subsequent improper localization of the needle. Despite the attention paid to the different possible reasons for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block, the patient position and its influence on the operator's position and subsequently on
the success of the technique did not get enough attention.
Aim of the study: To determine the influence of patient's position on the failure rate of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block anaesthesia.
Materials and Methods: Patients attended Oral Surgery Department, College of
Dentistry, Almustansiria University in Baghdad for dental extraction were
included in this study. Dental extraction procedures were performed by 4th and 5th class students. Inclusion criterion for the students was: students who perform the anaesthetic injection technique without the help of the supervising staff member.
Results: Fifty seven students were included in this study, 21(36.8%) were males and 36 (63.2%) were females. Fifty seven students performed the local anaesthesia. Twenty four students were from 4th year (42.1%), and thirty three (57.9%) from
5th year. Chi-Square Test showed highly significant relationship between patient's position and the success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (p<0.01, df=1). Chi-Square Test showed no significant relation (p>0.05, df=1) between the success level of anaesthesia and the student's year.
Conclusion: Patient position is one of the factors that could influence the success of
IANB anaesthesia. Considerable deviation from the accurate chair angulation can increase the chance of failure of IANB.

Background: Awareness of the epidemiological characteristics of oral cancers allow
for enhanced planning of timely and effective treatment in order to improve
patients’ life quality. Despite the fact that oral and perioral cancers are not
included in common cancers, they are of special importance for their impact on human morbidity and life quality.
Aim of the present study was to investigate the distributional patterns of oral and
perioral malignancies in terms of age, gender, type and location.
Materials and Methods: 4179 Oral and Maxillofacial cases taken over 5 years (2009
- 2013) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Specialist Surgeries
Hospital, Medical city, Baghdad, were studied. Among these, 707 biopsy
specimens were made for histopathological diagnosis, 182 cases included oral malignant lesions and the rest cases were benign lesions. The data involve age, gender, location, and type of malignancy for these cases were recorded.
Results: The results of this survey showed that the most common malignant oral lesions were of epithelial origin with 121 cases (66%), salivary lesions with 20 cases (11%), and hematogenic malignancies with 18 cases (10%). Squamous cell
carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and lymphoma were the most common malignant lesions in this area of the body. The mean age of patients was (39.1) years of old and the male to female ratio was found to be 1.3:1.
Conclusion: In this study, epithelial malignant tumors constituted the majority of diagnosed malignant tumors followed by salivary malignant tumors and lymphomas.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common
endocraniopathy in women of reproductive age, affecting (5-10) % of population
and it is the leading cause of female infertility.
C-reactive protein CRP, is a member of a group of acute phase of protein which increase their concentrations during certain inflammation disorders and used as a biomarker of inflammation in the body.
Aim of the study: is to assess the salivary level of CRP with were oral disease was stimulated by evaluate gingival inflammation, plaque accumulation in some Iraqi
women with PCOS disease in compared with women not have PCOS.
Methods: 19 females with PCOS and 26 females with systemically healthy include in this study. Saliva were collected and CRP were examined and evaluated by using ELISA method in both study and control group. For all groups we examine the oral inflammation was measured depending on gingival and plaque index.
Results: the results reported all PCOS women have significant increase in the salivary CRP than women with no PCOS) mean ± SD (226.8±34SD, 173.8±22.5
respectively). All women with PCOS had significantly increased in gingivitis than with no PCOS women.
Conclusion:
An increase in salivary CRP and gingival inflammation were found in women with PCOS. Also suggested measurement of salivary CRP may be helpful in predicting women with oral disease in PCOS women.