TIKRIT UNIVERSITY JOURNAL FOR RIGHTS

Abstract: The budget is the state's tool in managing the fiscal deficit, and in its orbit all the elements of this administration revolve, and the requirements for its application and proper implementation are determined. We say: Due to the importance of the general budget, it is not effective unless it is issued by a law from the legislative authority, expressing the people’s approval and approval through their representatives on the draft state financial budget law. Through it, people’s representatives can monitor the government’s activity and program in light of what is included in the provisions of the general budget. This parliamentary procedure tends to the concept of previous control over government activity more than it tends to the legislative process itself, because the general budget law does not regulate intertwined relationships in reality, but rather ratifies the resources that enter the state budget and their spending during the fiscal year.

Abstract: Acquisition and loss of nationality is one of the rights enjoyed by every person and is considered one of the rights stipulated in international agreements. Nationality is acquired in accordance with cases stipulated by law, as well as the case of loss with regard to emergency nationality that a person obtains of his own free will without being imposed on him.

Abstract: Personal Civil Liability for The Transmission of Epidemic Infection Arises from three Pillars, which are " error, damage, and the causal relationship between error and damage" based on the rules of traditional Civil Liability, as the tort and its elements for transmitting Epidemic Infection are based on articles ( 202, 203 , 204 ) .
The pillars of Civil Liability are that there is an error and that the error results in harm, and there must be a causal Relationship between the error and the damage.

© 2023 TUJR, College of Law, Tikrit University

Abstract: The right to natural resources is one of the important rights as a result of its role in the economies of countries, especially since Iraq of rentier countries whose economy depends mainly on these riches and in order to pay the appropriate amount of attention to the right of the people to natural resources we need to know the political guarantees of this right because of its importance in the lives of peoples as these riches represent an important economic resource that helps to form a social life in which individuals enjoy well-being and living at a level It is worth noting that the explicit inclusion of this right in the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 has prompted parliaments to issue laws, instructions, rulings and judicial decisions to protect this right, in addition to that, we find that the legislative authority, the Integrity Commission and the Financial Supervision Bureau, in light of their supervisory role, have taken many steps to combat the corruption that affected this right and made it only in the form of lines written in the constitution without any benefit to the people who own it, and on the rest of that, we did not notice any change in the economic reality that confirms to us the effectiveness of these measures, and therefore these bodies could not play their role in a real way to protect this right, so that the role of political parties and parliamentary oversight was not properly expressed the interests of the people, and it is no secret to anyone the role of technical development in achieving Effective protection of this right by delivering news related to this matter to the people through social media or the media to form public opinion that pressures and influences the government to push it to take decisions that achieve the interests of the people

Abstract :The legal standard makes legislation more realistic, given its flexibility and the positive role it gives to the judge of the matter in achieving the ultimate goal of the law, which is justice, that is, justice in social and legal relations, as the majority of judicial rulings support this through the latter’s consideration of the circumstances and circumstances. surrounding the conflict before it The work of the judges or the applied side precedes the legislation in charting the path paving the way for the issuance of more just and realistic legislation, and thus it contributes to the making of the law, that is, it represents the living embodiment of the real situations, actions and disputes in professional contracts of a profitable and non-profit nature that are presented before the judge and which must have A solution through the work of the judge by taking into account its specificity and uniqueness from its counterparts, Therefore, the legal standard serves as a means of legislative art that complements its traditional means and is more capable of achieving a reasonable amount of legal realism, which depends on expanding the role and authority of the judge, as the legislative text, no matter how general and abstract it is, cannot anticipate everything. Therefore, it is necessary to know what is the legal role of the judiciary in determining and resolving disputes of a professional nature? Does realism interfere in imposing its conditions and allowing the judge to search for the purpose or functional solution of the legislative text, or is his role limited to the literal application of the legal text? Likewise, is the judge’s intervention by resolving disputes presented to him by resorting to the realism and circumstance of profitable contracts and the scope of his authority therein restricted or absolute? This is within the framework of two types of contracts: contracts with a professional, for-profit nature and contracts with a non-profit, professional nature.

Abstract: The conditions for electronic appeal by canceling disciplinary penalties are conditions that must be met for the possibility of filing an electronic lawsuit before the electronic administrative court. Documents, paying fees, notifying the parties, pleading and issuing judgment in an electronic way through the use of the Internet and computers, and benefiting from modern technologies in administrative transactions in the availability of full information all the time, which helps in making decisions remotely and accessing notifications and electronic notifications and stages of the lawsuit All parties to the case, and the use of the electronic signature, the system in a manner that achieves the credibility necessary to impose the legal validity of the actions, approve it.