Bilad Alrafidain Journal of Humanities and Social Science

Administrative and financial corruption is one of the most important obstacles to progress and
development through the ages, and the methods of its spread are directly proportional to the civilized
progress of nations . It brings with it all problems, whether economic, political, social, etc. Through it,
the largest societies collapse and overthrow the most powerful nations and this is what happened in
our country Iraq, after the US invasion in 2003. Note that most of the laws, legislation and ethics
forbade corruption and considered it a humiliating act, but the situation in Iraq has become different,
as the corrupt policy was bequeathed by the Americans to their successors and this is what caused the
spread of corruption more and the creation of a weak internal administrative apparatus, as well as the
lack of effective oversight to deter this phenomenon

This research consists of two sections. In the first section, the researcher explained the
concept of the research vocabulary, which are: (miracle, scientific truth, defense, belief, Islam), as
well as the importance of the Islamic belief and its place in religion. As for the second section, the
researcher clarified the features and controls of the scientific miracle, choosing models from the
contemporary miraculous cosmic verses and showed their impact on the rooting of the Islamic faith
in the souls and the response to atheists who take science as a material to challenge Islam, besides
there is evidence that there is no contradiction between religion and science

The Fatimid rule of Egypt represents an essential stage of its historical and civilizational
stages, as the Fatimid era remained in Egypt between (358 AH - 567 AH). Egypt has been an
agricultural country ever since. Furthermore, Egypt has received more interest from historians
politically rather than economically and civilizationally. This attention comes in a brief and does not
give a clear picture of the agricultural life and the existing systems in that period

The Holy Qur’an used the method of emotional stimulation as an educational method, and
addressed the human conscience with it. In general discourse needs effects and stimuli that motivate
the recipients and develop their motivation at times or deterrents at other times. As well as hope and
highlighting features of beauty and goodness, or areas of badness, anger, threat, intimidation and
disgust, by addressing man’s emotions in order to create an emotion that prompts the recipient to act
or leave the action.
Since this method and approach was included in most of the Qur’anic discourse, the researcher
decided to dedicate the study to the verses that talked about migration of the Prophet's (peace be upon
him) authority to his followers and their assistance to him, and the Holy Qur’an urged them to do so.
about the honorable prophetic migration. So the present study includes an introduction, two chapters,
and a conclusion . In the first section: the researcher explained the meaning of the concepts of
excitement, emotion, and migration linguistically and idiomatically, and the characteristics of the
emotional excitement method. The second section included the Prophet's migration was discussed
through seven verses, and the study was completed with a conclusion in which the researcher
highlighted the key findings of this study.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the messenger technique (jigsaw) on
activating the motivation of sixth grade students in the subject of history, and to verify the goal of the
research, the researcher put the following zero hypothesis:There are no statistically significant differences between the group taught according to the technique
of the Messenger (Jigsaw) in the pre and post achievement test of history subject after applying the
test consisting of (49) items on the same group.
The semi-experimental approach was used, as the research sample was selected from (88) sixth grade
students in Diyala Governorate / The center for the academic year 2021-2022. The semi-experimental
group was taught according to the Messenger’s technique. The achievement of the research objective
required the preparation of the research tool, the learning motivation test and the results of
achievement. The research sample included (88) male and female students, and the reliable data
collection tools are represented in the motivation test and the results of achievement. The researcher
came out with the following recommendations: There must be interest in using the messenger
technique as one of the stimulating methods for motivation in different educational stages. The
researcher suggested conducting studies similar to the current study: such as “The effect of using the
Messenger technique in other educational stages such as the intermediate stage and the preparatory
stage and for different educational levels”.

Wheelchair basketball players lack muscle strength and have slow motions that comes from
the lack of driving force of wheelchairs, which is the cornerstone of wheelchair basketball, and since
the muscular strength of the upper limbs is considered the main part of the body, so we had to work to
develop the muscle strength of the upper limbs through the use of rehabilitation exercises and adhesive
tapes. The research aims to develop a proposed rehabilitation program using (rehabilitating exercises
- adhesive tapes) for basketball players on wheelchairs using the experimental method. The sample of
the study is (20) players divided into (12) players for the basic study, which is divided into two groups,
with (6) players for the control group, (6) players for the experimental group. The most important
findings of the study is that there is a positive impact of the proposed rehabilitation program using rehabilitation exercises and adhesive tapes on improving muscle strength of wheelchair basketball
players, and there are statistically significant differences between the pre- measurement and postmeasurement scores of the experimental group which came in favor of the post- measurement in all
the strength tests under study

Nothing compares to the significance of modern Arabic poetry as a crucial turning point in the
evolution of Arabic poetry. Along with its basic structure, it also underwent substance and formal
building changes. Despite the fact that this growth was not entirely independent from what had come
before, expressive Arabic writing was essential in laying the groundwork for it. However, there are
many unanswered issues regarding this revolutionary invention's shape and substance .There is no
doubt that the best to provide a satisfactory answer to these questions are those who carried out this
poetic reversal, as they have definitions of concepts that differ from what we have learned from
classical or romantic concepts. They had a special vision of the vocabulary of poetry, including artistic
images, language, music, performances, content, and others. However, they have modified some
metrics according to their new concepts and added new metrics as a result, poetry has a new concept in terms of form and content. The concept of modern poetry is based on the identification and
formulation of basic concepts of heritage and modernity. From off-stationary seas to the activation and
denial of the unified rhyme and the search for new tools and functions of poetry, the tool of poetry, i.e.
the poetic language, is the one who embodies the essence of poetic creativity, its difference from the
language of the article makes it linked to the essence of creativity, creativity in modern Arabic poetry
stemmed from several things, the most important of which was the essence of the poetic language,
which was unique in its attractiveness and ability to portray feelings and sensations optimally

The study aimed at diagnosing an ankle joint injury clinically by X-RAY examination، and
mechanically by means of balance and range of motion tests, and by preparing rehabilitative exercises
to rehabilitate the ankle injury. The research sample was composed of players with ankle joint sprain،
numbering (6) athletes from the Ministry of Youth and Sports in Baghdad's National Sports Talent
Care Center. Exploratory experiments and the main experiment were conducted and the vocabulary
of the qualifying curriculum was applied, which lasted over a period of two months for a period of
eight weeks، and each week had three qualifying units with a total of (24) qualifying units، during
which all members of the research sample underwent the same exercises and stress. Post-tests for the
research sample were completed after the curriculum had been applied, and the data collected for
statistical processing was unloaded, presented, evaluated, and discussed. Through these results، the researcher reached to some conclusions, including: The range of motion in the ankle joint and the
mobility of the injured athletes both dramatically improved thanks to the qualifying exercises.
Through the conclusions، the researcher reached several recommendation, such as: the use of
rehabilitation exercises in the rehabilitation centers، the gradual giving of resistance and not giving
resistances beyond the ability of the injured and taking into account individual differences, paying
attention to the principle of diversification in rehabilitation exercises along with the tools and means
used to avoid boredom among athletes، make sure that a full recovery from the injury occurs before
returning to the gym to avoid recurring injury, follow-up the injured by the therapist and rehabilitation
specialist during the performance of rehabilitation exercises and not leave the injured from performing
the exercises alone, conducting similar research and studies on other joints For other age groups.

Today, the media is one of the most important necessities of social life, which must control its
behavior in dealing with it by its various names, as it directly affects social and moral behavior,
negatively or positively. As a result of the media revolution that took place after the emergence of the
internet and pornographic channels as well as other uncontrolled channels which imposed new patterns
and behavior in dealing among individuals, which did not exist in our society that preserves the values,
customs and family behavior. The alienated media has directly affected the Iraqi family and it became
a threat to family cohesion. There are many media outlets that are interested in presenting violence and
deviant behavior through their news and programs – out or intrusive manner for the recipient, this
encouraged many to imitate. All this makes the Iraqi family living harsh social conditions affected by
the marital relationship, which encouraged divorce and family disintegration, through our research, we
seek to determine the causes of divorce and how to treat it, as well as identifying the causes and
negative consequences for the family and the psychological state of children, and how we can address
this through media institutions.

The Iraqi law provided several guarantees for the benefit of the employe, including the
investigation with him before imposing punishment on him. The administrative investigation is the
only legal tool approved by the Discipline Law for State and Public Sector Employees. And it is done
by a tripartite committee, provided that one of them has a university degree in law, so the committee
works to collect information and evidence, and the investigations may not lead to the punishment of
the employee and his question in all cases, so we questioned in our research what is intended in the
procedural guarantees for the employee.

The research aims to identify strategic planning and its relationship to administrative creativity
among administrative leaders in secondary schools for the displaced in Erbil from the academic year's
perspective of its faculty members (2019-2020 AD). The community of the study consisted of all
secondary schools (middle, high schools) of 52 schools of boys and girls and mixed, and (10) schools
for boys and girls were randomly selected as a research sample, with (8) teachers and a school from
each school, and thus the teachers’ research sample would be (80) teachers and schools .The
questionnaire form was a data collection tool the researcher used to obtain data with 80 respondents.
The questionnaire consisted of 40 questions and using the five-point Likert scale to answer the
questionnaire, the study reached a series of conclusions the most important of which is that there is a
significant relationship between strategic planning and administrative creativity in the field study. And
that the search variables were not the same. In the light of these conclusions, a set of recommendations was formulated, the most important of which is the adoption of special standards to achieve quality in
the process of Institutional Strategic Planning, which helps to develop indicators of managerial
creativity, and improves the ability of the institutional (educational) strategic planning process and its
control.

The multiplicity and diversity of international trade and investment exchanges in recent years has led
to the emergence of different international methods and schemes for tax evasion that may lead to the erosion of
tax revenues in industrialized and developing countries. Some countries also sought to reduce tax burdens on
mobile capital and thus facilitate attracting investments .The phenomenon of globalization has led to the
rapprochement between countries, and it is clear that it has increased the international mobility of multinational
companies and increased their activities. Lower costs may make real business investment more mobile across
countries, and financial innovation and liberalization may facilitate international tax avoidance by less free
corporations.The effects of financial mobility are further amplified when companies shift income to tax havens
and other low-tax countries through financial transactions .International tax planning is a strategic tool for
governments and their financial management. International tax rules are designed to allow multinational
companies to reach their customers abroad and to compete with foreign companies in international markets. All this leads to the creation of tax confidence or certainty for multinational companies when they provide tax
certainty for companies and eliminates double taxation through clear tax treaties and limited rules that require
taxation of foreign profits in the countries of origin, which contributes to creating an attractive environment for
investments.Therefore, it is not possible to create effective international tax bases if there is no international tax
planning, whose effects will be reflected on all the economies of developing and developed countries, which
will enhance revenue mobilization

Recently, the world has witnessed the war between Russia and Ukraine, which has represented
a direct challenge to international rule of law and stability of the international system. Thus, it has
led to different types of political tweets among which those of American president Mr. Biden. He has
started a new type of media war on twitter, accusing Russia and hold them the responsibility for what
is happening recently in Ukraine. This raise in the use of political tweets give increase to some
controversies over their ideologies and the linguistic strategies employed to convey these ideologies.
This creates an obvious need to critically investigate these tweets to find out these ideologies and
strategies. The current study is based on the hypotheses that American political tweets depend heavily
on linguistic devices to convey their intended messages, claiming that tweets can convey the intentions
of the president in such crisis.
The aims of this study, which are finding out the linguistic elements, exploring the ideologies
conveyed by tweets, and verifying its hypotheses, two types of procedures have been adopted:
theoretical and practical. The theoretical procedures consist of presenting a theoretical framework of
critical discourse analysis “CDA”, including its principles, aims, approaches, model of analysis, and
some related previous studies. On the other hand, the practical procedures consist of
selecting three tweets. Three tweets are selected from the personal account of the president of the
United State Joe Biden which are selected from his personal account on twitter.The selected tweets
have been analyzed in the light of the adopted model based on Fairclough (1989).The results of
selected tweets have shown that American tweets aim to accuse Russia and stand with Ukraine in this
war. In addition, these tweets aim to motivate the other countries to stand and support Ukraine in this
crisis.

Social markers have social significance and can be used to identify a speaker's speech and
classify it. These social markers depend on variation between individuals because without such
variation, no markers would be found. For example, in English drama, the writers show their
participants or actors as examples of people in real life, reflecting their social problems and political
issues through their language. People show their personalities through their behaviour in particular
situations and through their social identities. This study depends only on social markers that they might
employ in their instantaneous speech to identify the type of personality they belong to. The characters
in the play "Arms and the Man" by Bernard Shaw use speech cues to reveal their psychological
attitudes. Miller in his play "Death of a Salesman'' also shows his audience how bad social conditions
make people use more negative emotions. These negative feelings effect on use special social markers
rather than others

The present study aims at examining Power in American interview by adopting Critical
Discourse Analysis as a theory of interpreting meanings of discourses. Speeches of American
politician are used as the source of data. The American interview are of (Donald Trump). The study
adopts Teun Van Dijk’s Socio-Cognitive Model (2005 Critical Discourse Analysis) since it focuses on
exploring different ideologies, perspectives and attitudes of authors, in general, the speaker or writer
in particular. This study hypothesizes that analyzing some of the speeches on political big issues will
enable the best recognition of the media\'s function in terms of Power. It hypothesizes that Political
Discourse plays a crucial role in reflecting and influencing the community. In addition, there are
significant discrepancies in the language choices among politicians in expressing and communicating their beliefs. To achieve the aims of this study, (10) ideological discursive devices are used to reveal
their effectiveness in identifying the most disguised organizations of language and manipulation.
Politicians employ identical procedures for interacting, communicating, persuading, and influencing
public opinion. Politicians\' speeches differ as well, but these variations are typically contextual. Powers
have been found in their speeches are to control and threat that main characters used in building their
conversation

This study tries to identify the importance of role models in language teaching. This study is a
qualitative study, which used a semi-structured interview. The data were elicited from seven
volunteered participants who are working as lecturers at different universities in Iraq. With data
collected from those participants, the analysis investigated whether those lecturers think it is important
to have an English language teaching role model, who are their role models, and what characteristics
they valued most in their English language teaching role models. The findings of this study show that
it is very important to have a role model in language teaching and learning. It also reveals that teachers
have great effects to be selected as role models. Finally, it is found that the participants valued different
characteristics in their model such as motivation, having different teaching styles, uniqueness,
freshness, innovativeness, having academic style, positive interaction, being knowledgeable, having a
high human sense, and devotion.