Journal of University of Babylon

The current research aims to identify the extent of (the effectiveness of an educational design according to the theory of diversifying teaching in holistic thinking among second grade students)، and to achieve the goal of the research، the null hypothesis was formulated، which states that "there is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance 0.05 between the mean scores of the experimental group Which teaches the subject of science according to the educational design of the theory of diversification of teaching and the average score of the control group that studies the same subject in the holistic thinking test، and relied on the experimental design with partial control of the two equal groups by defining the research community and choosing the average sample Zaid bin Harith for boys in a random manner It included (145) students divided into four divisions and in a random manner as well. Two divisions were chosen to represent Division (D) the experimental group and Division (A) representing the control group. In the experiment، a comprehensive thinking test consisting of (30) items of multiple choice type was conducted on the students of the two research groups. After correcting the answers، and using appropriate statistical methods، the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group over the students of the control group in the holistic thinking test، and in the light of a number of conclusions، recommendations and proposals that may contribute to the development of the educational process.

The current study focused on (representations of the human form in contemporary Iraqi ceramics). The research contained four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the research problem, which was reviewed and summarized with the following question:
What are the representations of the human figure in contemporary Iraqi ceramics? The first chapter also included a reference to the importance of the research and the need for it, and the aim of the research (to know the representations of the human figure in contemporary Iraqi ceramics). With regard to the limits of the research, the time period between (1970-1992) was determined. As for the second chapter, it included the theoretical framework and previous studies. The first is the diversity of human forms and their representations in ancient Iraqi pottery. The second topic included the structure of human forms in contemporary art.
As for the third chapter, it dealt with the research procedures, during which the research community of (15) ceramic works, the research sample, the research tool, and the descriptive (analytical) research methodology were determined, and then analyzed the research sample consisting of (3) ceramic models, while the chapter was devoted The fourth is to review the results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals, and among the most important findings of the researcher in this research:
1. The sources and origins from which the representations of the human figure were inspired in contemporary Iraqi texts varied and multiplied.
2. The diversity in representations of human forms is based on the influence of contemporary Iraqi ceramics on the methods, techniques and forms of modern schools (expressionism, abstraction and realism) that had an active presence in contemporary Iraqi ceramic formation.
As for the conclusions:
1. The contemporary Iraqi potters were influenced by the ancient cultural heritage, which was positively reflected in their ceramic achievements.
2. Contemporary Iraqi ceramic texts were based on social, intellectual and cultural contexts, so the topics of the potters’ achievements came to express the political, social and economic conditions and events that the potter lived through and contemporary with, which affected his thought and life.
The research ended with recommendations related to the subject of the study.

The research consists of four chapters. The first chapter represents the methodological framework and consists of the research problem، which is summarized in the following question: (What are the Sufi features of body language in contemporary Iraqi theatrical performance?)، its importance، the need for it، and the limits of the research (2000-2021)، leading to defining the important interests in the title The research and its definition linguistically and idiomatically. As for the second chapter، it consists of two sections. The first deals with the topic (body language in Sufi thought) and explains what the body language is in Sufi thought. As for the second topic، it was represented by (features of the Sufi body in Arab and international theatrical performances). 11) A theatrical performance، and the research sample was (the play Logic of the Bird)، which was intentionally chosen according to the descriptive analytical approach، and the indicators of the theoretical framework were adopted in analyzing the sample. The fourth chapter consists of results، conclusions، recommendations، proposals، and research sources.

Al-Farazdaq occupied the people of his time with the wonders of his poems, the strangeness of his words and his departure from the grammar of the language that he lived in contemplating. Most of his poetry was a subject of protest and a subject of surprise at the same time. He is the first scholars of Arabic who violate the rule, and Al-Farazdaq is a lofty stature in the language whose wonders and arts are not hidden from him. In addition, he would carve his words according to what the linguists accept, if he desired. However, Ibn Tamim Al-Bar, who is proud of it, who defended its reputation, has intentions that the statement may not translate in his outspoken face. Perhaps this is a reason for interpreting some of the necessities that were mentioned in his poetry through the two researchers looking for aspects of the interpretation of necessity away from the verbal rule, close to the psychological significance.
One of the most important findings of the study: that Al-Farazdaq did not always have to use the poetic necessity, there is a close link between psychological connotations and societal events of poetic necessity to Al-Farazdaq. The environment and upbringing has a clear impact on purposes of styles in Al-Farazdaq's Poetry.

Saudi poet Dr. Wadha Al Qhatani had selected the poem "AL GHUSN: The Branch" which it set in Al WAAFER meter in eleven lines to form the beginning of her poet collection "FANAN: Art". In this regard, the poet had affected the branch as a metaphor for the elements for joyful good life which is fully packed with beauty and splendor, exudes affection and bestowment, consequently, it floods around with wholesomeness and spreads joviality. What is more, the post utilized this branch to indicate the essence of life over different periods of age including the fruitful life renewable by means of donating to gain age intending to construct this worldly life then reaching the eternal life in gardens of Eden. Likewise, the poet in terms of achieving such intentions mingled the noun clause and verb clause, notwithstanding, the verb clause had been predominant in view of indication of renovation effected by the present verb. In the same vein, the noun clause had remarkably appeared in the positions of denotations which require evidences as the case with the attendance in the two titles "The Poem" and "Collection". In this connection, the harmony and consistency popped up in the title of collection "FANAN: Art" with its initial poem "GHUSN: Branch" hereinabove.

The current study deals with some contributions made by Abdulwahaab Ibrahim Al-Zinjani (d. 655 AH). It highlights some grammatical issues in his book titled (Al-Kafi fi Sharih Al-Hadi). Besides, the study showed that Al-Zinjani was following his own approach in discussing the opinions and underlining the suitable one. On the top of that he was impartial when it comes to choosing the views.

Internet and mobile learning are necessarily emerging trends in education through last decade. They are mirroring vast changes and proliferation of update knowledge, which enhanced our learning productivity and real time world relevancy. Internet and mobile worked together to facilitate the self-learning process. In this study, there are three indicators set up to weigh the importance of E-learning; first, to investigate that the internet is an easy source of promoting and updating knowledge from university students’ points of view. Second, to recognize that the E-learning is a time saving method of self-learning. Third, to facilitate gaining electronic sources of a specific study field through using different search engines.
A peer reviewed questionnaire was prepared and governed by specialist reviewers; who agreed on its content and semantic aspects of all questions, to collect the data from one hundred students enrolled at three public universities of Punjab in Pakistan. Results outlined that internet and mobile are used to fun and entertainment, gain knowledge, search materials, and to facilitate studies or researches of different disciplines.
Furthermore, the outcomes of the current study seemed different, which may be due to the focus of the current study upon perceived consequences rather than uses and practices of current users of mobile and E-learning. The fact that apparently clear demonstrates that scholars and students mostly tend to such trends in Pakistan.

In this study, the author examines the theme of sin and its impact on the lives of the characters. Through an analysis of the various types of sin depicted in the short story , the author delves into the sin of the protagonist, Ethan Brand, and analyzes its significance in relation to the title of the short story and its interpretation from a biblical perspective. The concept of the unpardonable sin is also explored in relation to the themes of the story. The author concludes that Brand may have been pardoned for all of his sins, including suicide, if he was mentally unfit, suggesting that there is no trace of the unpardonable sin in him. This conclusion is significant because it highlights the idea that redemption is possible for all sins, as long as the person committing them is not fully in control of their actions due to mental instability. Overall, this study aims to deepen our understanding of the role of sin in Hawthorne's writing and its impact on the characters and themes of the novel. By examining the specific types of sin depicted in the story and their effects on the characters, the author sheds light on the complex and multifaceted nature of sin in literature. This analysis helps us to better understand the characters and the choices they make, and it also prompts us to consider the role of sin in our own life.

The research aims to shed light on the historical hero and how he is employed by the writer Ali Al-Khabbaz. The research may consist of three chapters. The first: The research problem centered on the following question: How did Al-Khabbaz employ the historical hero in the conflict play? As for the importance of the research، as it represents the first study of the baker's achievements in the study of the historical hero، and as for the goal of the research، [to identify the historical hero in the conflict play]، and as for its temporal limit [2010] and spatial [Karbala] in addition to the definition of terms and the procedural definition، and the second chapter may be Of the two sections، the first contains several axes، including: conceptual history، including the origins of the hero. As for the second topic، it contains two axes: the first: the historical hero in the global stage، and the second: the historical hero in the Arab theater، then the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. The research community and the research sample [the play of conflict] and the research tool are the indicators that resulted in the theoretical framework، and as for the approach، the researchers relied on the analytical descriptive approach، so that the research ends with several results، including that heroism is not limited to the positive hero، but rather includes the negative، and as for the conclusions، they are that Greed for power is one of the driving motives for the negative hero to achieve his goals.

The research focused on studying (the concept of freedom in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical text) to clarify the concept of freedom and what this human concept carries in terms of human and educational values and orientations through the characters of the text and its other dramatic components to be a media and documentary medium that carries with it the nature of reality and carries the data of history with intellectual and aesthetic visions affecting the recipient (the reader).. The research consisted of four chapters، the first of which included (the methodological framework for the research) and included (the research problem) centered on the following question (what is the concept of freedom in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical text?) Methods of writing theatrical text by getting to know an important playwright and revealing her artistic style. And shed light on the concept of freedom and its features and characteristics. Spatial، borders and geography of the concept of freedom in our Arab societies. It benefits scholars، researchers and those interested in the artistic matter، colleges of fine arts and art institutes in terms of the concept، the method of presentation and the mechanisms of treatment. Contemporary Iraqi. As for the limits of the research، they were determined from (2013) by studying the theatrical text in Iraq، and the chapter was concluded by defining the terms.
As for the second chapter (the theoretical framework for the research)، it included two sections، the first of which specialized in investigating the concept of freedom philosophically. The second topic included the concept of freedom in the global theatrical text. The chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted in the theoretical framework.
As for the third chapter (research procedures)، it included the research methodology، the descriptive analytical method، and the research sample (me، torment، and your desires).
While the fourth chapter contained the results، including:
1-Freedom manifested itself as a human behavior stemming from the human being instinctively in aspiration to dream and life
2-The theatrical text emerged as a media platform and a tongue expressing the crushed، toiling and marginalized classes in society، describing the good and its unfair distribution.
The chapter also included conclusions، recommendations and suggestions.

This research studies the interpretation of Al-Saadi - May Allah bless his soul - entitled: Tayseer Al-Karim Al-Rahman in the interpretation of the gracious speech from the rhetorical point of view, highlighting the places mentioned in Surat Al-Baqara as the scope of the study, trying to reveal the approach of Al-Saadi - May Allah bless his soul - in stating rhetoric, extracting references Rhetoric, which numbered nearly seventy topics, from twelve rhetorical topics; Therefore, the descriptive analytical approach was chosen. In order to read the interpretation of the surah closely, monitor the rhetorical signs, collect them, then classify, analyze and discuss them with the aim of facilitating the researchers’ access to the rhetorical gestures of Al-Saadi - May Allah bless his soul - in an independent and organized way.

Archival and emotional, according to the mechanisms of her engagements in contemporary art. The research included four chapters. The first chapter concerned the framework of the research, which deals with the research problem, its importance, the need The second chapter included: two topics that represent the theoretical framework and its indicators, ending with previous studies, and the first topic dealt with the infrastructure (concept and functioning). The second topic dealt with: composition and structuralism in sculpture. As for the third: it included research procedures, by defining the research community, and the sample representing it, ending with the analysis of the research sample amounting to (2) a sample distributed according to contemporary art movements for it, and the current objectives of: the synthetic infrastructure of the basic works and installation and their works in contemporary art, as well as the limits of research (1945-2000). The first chapter ended with electronic messages used for messages.

Authority represents one of the most important cultural influences that plays a major and effective role within the structure of societies of all kinds, whether civil or non-civil. The conflict in the Abbasid era created an atmosphere characterized by the diversity of the dispute, starting from the political dispute to the religious, as well as the social one. However, what concerns us in the framework of the research is the conflict and disagreement between the two poles of the scene, the most prominent of which are the Abbasids and the Alawites, which took many forms, from the intellectual conflict to the religious, military and political conflict. And because the Abbasids were the owners of power at the time, the Always viewed themselves as the marginalized side against whom various forms of marginalization and exclusion were practiced, but they always found a way to prove their entitlement to the matter alone, and their poets were at the forefront of those who rushed to defend and show their right in the face of opponents and in front of those who see and hear that. Poetry was their tool and means in revealing the systemic pronoun that the authority in particular and other violators in general had overlooked.