Kufa Journal of Arts

This study shows Sanea Al-Marzouqi in explaining the enthusiasm of Abi Tammam, as it is the best example of the strong link between literature and grammar. Because the Qur’anic witness is the best evidence for the proof and validity of that linguistic rule, and through the explanation, Al-Marzouki shows the construction of words and the meanings of readings and inflections, as well as the departure of the composition from the grammatical analogy, in accordance with the habit of the eloquent Arab poets in borrowing the buildings of the meanings and measuring the eloquence of all this on the words of the Arabs.

The research dealt with the modern institution of the House of Money and its role in organizing economic life, dealing with the beginnings of its emergence and the most prominent developments that occurred in it since the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs through the Umayyad and then Abbasid eras, as it showed us the role of the House of Money in organizing and rationalizing the Islamic economy

Participle is one of the most common forms mentioned in these hadiths, this matter draws attention and prompted us to find out the reasons for this repetition in these hadiths; The search was in the participle and its connotations in the light of the context.
The most prominent indications monitored by this study was the indication of the suffix of the tanween on the time, and the indication of the subject's noun added to: A/ the past. B/ the situation or the reception. C/ continuation. D/ prevail.And finally a preceding of the denotation (the); therefore, what surrounds the morphological formula was used to reach the intended meaning.
The research monitored the significance of the noun form repetition in a single subject, as well as the significance of its repetition in different Hadiths in general.

The divine discourse, whether it is Quranic or Biblical, is an intentional discourse whose purpose is to influence the souls of the servants and direct them to what He wants of commands or prohibitions. Therefore, it included several rhetorical techniques, including arguments, since the argumentative value is latent in the linguistic structure of all utterances.
According to the general framework on which integrated deliberation was founded; therefore, every saying and every discourse is able to create an argumentative verb that plays the role of an argument or a result according to the context in which it appears. For example, the interrogation is one of the most prominent verbal argumentative verbs. Because it has an influential force on the recipient and control over the course of events, so does the matter, whether it is explicit or not, as it is an argumentative act that has an effect on the recipient by directing him towards doing something or leaving it.

The one who looks at the Qur’anic verses that indicate the leadership, we find that the imam is the follower and follower, and he is the person who should be followed, and this is what the Holy Qur’an refers to in the Almighty’s saying: Also, the Almighty says: (Imams call to Hell) (Surah Al-Qasas: 41), so the imam is the infallible one who is guided by God Almighty, not the misguided imam or the manner outside of divine appointment, as the imam is a continuation of the line of prophecy in responsibilities and the clarification and clarification of divine rulings and the ruling in judgment and judiciary. And the general leadership among Muslims and the leadership of society in the image drawn by the divine revelation of the Noble Prophet Muhammad (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace). Imam Ali (peace be upon him), and this is by the revelation of God Almighty to him as it became clear from the Qur’anic context; The fact that the imam is the religious reference for Muslims, and he is the legal inheritor and complement to the knowledge of the Prophet Muhammad (may God bless him and his family and grant him peace) and what he brought completely without deficiency, and this is a divine order that will continue until the Day of Judgment; That is because the Almighty has ensured that the earth is not devoid of a just imam who fulfills the truth and fulfills it in terms of the preponderance of their minds and thought emanating from the knowledge of God and His honorable Messenger. The hand of the greatest Prophet, and these rulings and their statement, even if they are not incomplete, do not end, but there must be someone who stands up to clarify and show the inability and the disagreement in them, and this is the message of heaven that the earth is not devoid of a conclusive argument that separates between truth and falsehood and shows what God Almighty wants from the servants, and the impossibility of leaving God The Almighty clarified his religion incompletely, so that no one of them argued that there is a loophole and a ruling that he left without explaining its meaning, rather he commanded him to appoint an imam of his sanctity side to ask him about what they differed and appeared to them to answer them when that disagreement and manifestation.

The research aims to identify the most important grammarians of Andalusia in the sixth century AH, in terms of their names and genealogies, mentioning their nicknames and surnames, places and years of their birth, and the date of their deaths, and stating the most famous sheikhs who learned from them and took knowledge from them, and mentioned their students who used to draw knowledge from them, and the research explains Also, their diverse knowledge and the extent of their proficiency in various arts, and the most famous sciences in which they became famous, and the reasons for their brilliance in them, and mentioning the most important tributes to their right that were said by their contemporaries in their famous books, then explaining the most important of their works that were printed and decorated with Arab libraries, or that were not printed and are still manuscripts.
The method used by the researcher is the descriptive method.

The research included the study of the surface water resources available in the Wadi Mudud Basin in terms of their natural characteristics and the calculation of the amount of water deficit and its quantity according to the hydrological mathematical models adopted in estimating the volume of surface runoff.
The research concluded that the surface water suffers from a large water deficit during the hot season due to high evaporation conditions, and it reached the possibility of constructing a dam in the middle part of the valley stream, where a number of river beds converge

The soil types of the study area were determined based on the data of the physical elements analyzes. Based on that, the soil of the study area was divided into four types, which are the flooded clay soil, river claw soil, saline soil, compost, and gypsum desert soil. (42) Samples were collected and analyzed from all types of soil in the study area and for two depths (0 - 30) cm (30 - 60) cm in order to know the soil physical properties.
From the analysis of the properties of the soil represented by (temperature, soil texture, bulk and real density, porosity, soil composition), it became clear that the prevailing texture of the overflowing puddle soils and river clutch soils ranged from silty clay to soils with a mixture of silty clay tissue, while the soil tissue Saline soil, marshes, gypsum desert soil, mixed silty clay and mixed sandy soil. As for the actual and bulk density rates, they were within the required measurements. As for the composition of the soil, the morphological description was for the flowing tuition soils and the soils of river cliffs as moderately - medium, and the size of the medium and coarse fine structure prevailed, and the building was massive, not sharp and spherical. As for the saline soil, compost and gypsum desert soil, the degree of construction clarity was between moderate and weak and the size of the structure between smooth, medium and rough, and the shape of the building is a mass that is not sharp corners and spherical, as for the soil temperature regime, it differs between the depths and is Vary between seasons according to the temperature of the air in contact with it at the surface

Iranian Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Foroughi announced on the evening of Wednesday, September 17, 1941, the decision to abdicate Reza Shah Pahlavi from the throne in favor of his son, Muhammad Reza Shah. Shah recited the constitutional oath in front of the National Assembly, and the Iraqi newspaper Al-Hawadith published the text of the oath that the Shah swore, who in turn promised internal reforms in Iran by enacting new laws in order to alleviate the suffering of the people of the country and improve their lives, in addition to negotiating with other countries and cooperating with them to solve Iran's problems and access to a state of stability.

The conversational implication is the study of the research in the study of the search for the characteristics of the believers, and it can be a study and the opinions of this study. We see through it the personal characteristics of the believer, and reveal their motives in saying.

The topic of the research dealt with the resources that Al-Banakti relied on in his book, Kindergarten Oli Al-Alb, in knowing dates and genealogies in detail, according to the importance and relevance of each topic in the historical material. It included the following: an introduction, and a description of the contents of the book. From the Noble Qur’an, then to the Noble Hadith, then poetry, down to the historical sources he relied on, and then we mentioned his method in selecting the historical material and presenting it based on stories, tales, numbers, and the Mongol calendar that relies on the names of animals, and then a conclusion.

The research aims to identify the application of electronic network marketing in accordance with the method of strategic engineering re-engineering via social networked media rituals in the workplace in a sample of Five Star hotels in Baghdad City, Based on the stratified random sample method, )370(questionnaires were distributed to a sample of the staff of in a sample of Five Star hotels in Baghdad City, The number of questionnaires was (350) questionnaires, of which (314) were valid for statistical analysis with a response rate (100%). were analyzed by statistical programs (SMART PLS) and (SPSS v.24).
The results showed that there is a direct impact relationship between (Re-engineering strategic operations and electronic network marketing), The importance of the current research is highlighted by the scarcity of studies that attempted to identify and know the nature of the relationship between (Re-engineering strategic operations and electronic network marketing), as well as the current research attempt to address a real problem that directly effects of Five Star hotels in Baghdad City.

The agreement compensation is one of the conditions that are attached to the contract, and it is not worth the agreement compensation if it occurred after the damage occurred, and that the judicial authority granted by the legislator is considered from the public system and it may not be violated in terms of the increase or decrease in the value of the compensation compensation, while Islamic jurisprudence has Legal compensation is permissible in principle and made it one of the conditions implied in the contract and it has special provisions in Islamic jurisprudence in terms of health and invalidity. Also, the agreement compensation can not amend the value of the court except after a request by the creditor or debtor and this is considered a public order According to the Iraqi civil law

The research seeks to reveal a distinct modernist issue, in the modern critical achievement, and to know how to deal with it in the academic studies approaches, based on the procedural aspect, and to reveal the extent to which postmodern issues are focused in the studies of the two journals, and on which of them these studies are based

This research effort is to clarify the concept of the grammatical branching rule and its grammatical effects, as this rule occupies an important place in the research of Mr. Mohammed Hussein Al-Tabataba’i, and his explanatory studies in his book, who benefited from (Fa'a letter of conjunction)which is called (fa'a letter of branching) and clarify its function in linking texts and connecting semantic meaning. It is an element of understanding the Qur’anic text and clarifying its purposes, in order to benefit the people of interpretation from the linguistic aspect in their research. Branching has the effect of collecting the components of the parts of the structure in one sentence to have an independent semantic meaning, as well as linking the sentences in the Qur’anic discourse. Clarifying its relation to each other by notifying it of causation or justification or commenting on the details on the whole with the text and other multiple forms of branching.

The anchor structures represent one of the tools of spatial development policies, due to its importance in attracting investments and creating an appropriate environment for productive economic activities, and that any weakness in its levels entails additional costs for development projects, so their availability in the spatial space of Al-Haidarya is an investment factor that effectively contributes to the development of Human settlements and creating various opportunities to attract new activities. It is imperative that equal access to this type of services is to reduce the development gap between the components of the sub-district on the one hand and between urban and rural areas at the level of the functional region of the region on the other hand. The focal structures are also one of the necessities of life that are not correct without them, as they play a fundamental role in enhancing the quality of life of individuals in any place, whether governmental or private institutions, and raising the level of the anchor structures is a vital factor for social and economic transformation.

Omission is a prominent phenomenon in the Qur’anic text, and it is one of the means The syntactic coherence that researchers in textual linguistics have paid great attention to; As it works on the coherence and interdependence of the text, and this is done by restoring the deleted and referring to what fills the void left by the deletion. The task of restoring the deleted and referring to it rests with the recipient, who is the one who decodes the text and extracts what is in it according to his culture and horizon. Text scholars divide omission into three categories: nominal omission, actual omission, and sentence omission (saying). The research will trace the origins of these sections in the verses of the call to the prophets to find out the effect of the omission in the interdependence of its superficial structure, and in drawing the nice images and the precise meanings that the recipient can reach. As the deletion raises his thought and makes him discover those meanings.

The study of urban land services is of great importance to city dwellers of geographers, planners and others. It studies the services and functions of the city, which are provided primarily to its inhabitants and its regions, and the importance of the service sector in both urban and rural life. It deals with scientific, humanitarian, engineering and medical specialties in accordance with the scope and comprehensiveness of services It is in the interest of everyone, whether they are scholars, researchers, implementers, producers or consumers. Geography is one of the sciences that study services as a holistic science in dealing with the services (community and infrastructure) provided to the population through the study of the needs of the population and the planning of urban centers and problems, which is the top of the list of these problems is the service sector. And their analysis will be spatial, and our study will be on community services (education, health, solid waste(.

The origins of analytic philosophy ( ) go back to the writings of Gottlob Frege (1848-1925 AD, Bertrand Russell 1872-1970 AD, George Moore 1873-1958 AD, and Ludwig Wittgenstein 1898-1951 AD), and analytic philosophers show respect for the philosopher Frege as the founding father of analytical philosophy, Anthony Kenny says in his book Freija: (If analytic philosophy was born when the linguistic transformation took place, then its birth must be dated with the publication of Freja’s book The Foundations of Arithmetic in 1889, when he decided that the way to research the nature of number is to analyze the sentences in which numbers appea) It is considered the main analytical trend in the philosophy of language, or the dominant trend in contemporary philosophy that focused on the subject of language, and tried to change the mission, subject and practice of philosophy itself, by adopting a new method of analyzing philosophical language without criticizing philosophical systems or systems. Philosophical problems stem from language and from the misuse of language, and that natural language is the source of error and misunderstanding, and therefore work must be done to replace it with an artificial language.

يستهدف هذا البحث دراسة التباين المكاني لإنتاجية الأرض الزراعية اضافة الى تصنيف إنتاجية الأرض الزراعية في محافظة النجف الأشرف من خلال تصنيف الوحدات الإدارية وفقاً للجدارة الإنتاجية للمحاصيل الحقلية الشتوية والصيفية خلال الفترة (2018-2019) م وقياس كفاءة الإنتاجية للغلة الزراعية لمراكز ونواحي محافظة النجف وذلك من خلال تصنيف الرقعة المساحية الأرضية المزروعة وفقاً للغلة الإنتاجية للمحاصيل الزراعية. إذ يستفاد منه في التعرف على أفضل المناطق الإنتاجية لكل محصول كما تم دراسة الكشف عن التباين المكاني لإنتاجية الأرض الزراعية في محافظة النجف الأشرف ، إذ صنفت بياناتها الى (4 مراتب) على اساس الوحدات الإدارية. وكانت اهم استنتاجات البحث هي ترتيب الوحدات الإدارية داخل الفئات الإنتاجية من الفئة الأولى الى الرابعة وفقاً للجدارة الإنتاجية للمحاصيل الزراعية في محافظة النجف. وبالتالي ايضاح التباين المكاني لإنتاجية كل محصول بحسب الوحدات الإدارية والاشارة الى أهم اسباب ذلك التباين ، للاستفادة منه في التعرف على أفضل المناطق الإنتاجية لكل محصول. وان عملية التنمية الزراعية تحتاج الى قاعة بيانات دقيقة للنهوض بالواقع الزراعي والوصول لها في محافظة النجف الاشرف لذا ينبغي تحقيق هذا الهدف عن طريق تحديد المشكلة وايجاد الحلول لها.

The major semantic structure is characterized by a maximum degree of harmony or semantic coherence, and it is divided into two parts: the general structure that covers the whole text, and the private major structure that relates parts or sections of the text, and could be called the partial major structure. The major structures are basically related to the text overall theme. They characterized by relativism in terms of the multiplicity of its levels and its progress in a single text. Moreover, they are characterized by the relationship of each partial structure to what precedes it and what follows it to achieve total semantic coherence or the collocation in the text.
There is a concept related to the major structure; it is the text subject, or the subject of the discourse. Some of the major structure aspects can be found in the books of the sciences of Qur’an and its interpretation within their conversation about the meanings of the Holy Qur’an, whether its general meanings, throughout the beginning to the end of the holy Qur’an, or its partial meanings within a single, or more, verse, or within a single, or more, sura.

The conditional sentence is one of the types of the Arabic sentence according to the opinion of some scholars, and the scholars differed in its function according to the context and the evidence available, so it performs the predicate sometimes and performs the function of construction at other times. High linguistic potential, so he mastered his sentences and was able to tell about the things that happened in his era through the conditional sentence, as he was able to direct orders and prohibitions and make the conditional sentence perform the functions of constructive sentences

Hadi Al-Alawi is a heritage Iraqi thinker, and left-wing politician, and lexical linguist, known for his rich achievement, as well as his Sufi behavior, in my research, I touched on some of his philosophical achievements, and maybe I got lucky enough to discuss the other some of them later, he provided a reading of both the philosophies Al-Nazzam and Al-Razi, assuming they were not influenced by Greek philosophy, and so, my research came below to discuss his hypothesis.
Perhaps one of its most important results, they were influenced by Greek philosophy, but were not limited to it, rather, they drew their philosophy from other sources as well, especially from eastern philosophiesdrew, therefore, Al-Alawi's reading was not based on conclusive evidence, except, it succeeded in showing their uniqueness, and the seriousness of their opinions.

There is no doubt that the subject of the limit is one of the important topics in philosophy in general and logic in particular, and the first to refine the limit and make him an independent door in logic is the Greek philosopher Aristotle and put his foundations, rules and principles to walk on, and the limit is a kind of The definition, but not any definition falls under it, but we show the reality of things and what they are, and we see the influence of a large number of philosophers, thinkers and jurists such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Hazm and Al-Ghazali.... etc. by Aristotle where they gave importance to the Aristotelian limit because of its importance in clarifying many terms and sciences.

The concept of Civil State raises several questions that inevitably require answers in one saying related to the reference space of the concept in the common Islamic intellectual heritage. Does this concept of civil state possess epistemological legitimacy and credibility that qualify it to become a subject for theoretical research, if not just a false theoretical problem? What is the nature of relationships between the concept and its counterpart, civil society, and how can it be separated? Does this concept establish the independence of the political sphere from the civil arena and recognizes the separation between the public and private spheres? Does this concept consider the distinction between human rights and citizen rights, which were enshrined in political modernity and characterized by the legal system of the modern state? From the perspective of civil, do the civil society and state exist for themselves or for the sake of a Transcendentalwill and transcendent moral objective? Is politics in the civil state a public affair and freely practised by citizens regardless of their religion, or is it an exclusive private privilege for an elite group of clerics and jurists? Is the political action approached as a direct mundane practice regardless of its otherworldly or heavenly connotations? Does politics emanate from the self that practices it or from another source or reference? What does justify politics? Is it religious legislation or human beings and their interests?

The approach is one of the clear scientific prerequisites that the philosopher takes to reach a specific goal, and it is the fruit of thought to achieve results, through which goals and objectives are achieved. And that the beginnings of the curriculum appeared among the Greek philosophers, and it took different names, including research or controversy, and also the method was considered in the sense of logic and is considered part of its parts. And then it was developed by Spinoza and Descartes, and therefore every philosopher specialized in his own approach and took it as a way to reach the truth. Therefore, the curriculum was associated with ideas and opinions to simulate reality through its reliance on observation and experiment, and the importance of this study is to know the Khaldounian scientific method, which was based on the principle of experiment and observation. Therefore, the method used in this study is to rely on the scientific and experimental method based on observation and experiment.

Reading the Qur’anic text an analytical reading of its verses, the reader reached a number of concepts and facts, which may not be taken into account in passing reading, and among these concepts, the issue of the effectiveness and presence of women in decision-making, whether on the social, political or economic level, which the Holy Qur’an referred to through examples The feminism that was talked about in his stories, which clearly confirms that women have the ability to intervene in decision-making directly and indirectly, which was expressed in the research by (effectiveness), and an example of this is: the wife of Moses - the wife of Pharaoh - the sister of Moses - Maryam, the mother of Jesus , and other examples whose positions the research analyzed to extract the primary components of decision-making and change the path that the nation might deviate from without it

This study revolves around the feminist, sacred and political discourse of the Moroccan feminist writer Fatima Mernissi (1940-2015). Between it and the West’s aspiration to liberate women, and their reality in the age of Islamic culture from a simplified interpretive perspective, through which it aims to criticize guardianship over women, dismantle guardianship and warn against falling into misunderstanding, confusion and mixing things up, and adopting propositions and opinions that modernity has denounced, either in her book The Political Harem. I tried to research the allegations that revolve around the marginalization and exclusion of women from the political presence, and the consideration of sacred texts as a political force in the face of their opponents. I dealt with reading the hadith of the Prophet, and the importance of this study lies in that it removes the veil from the nature of critical thought of Mernissi in cooperation with social issues And the general cultural, and the feminist issue in particular, and it illustrates the effort with the Arab cultural issue, especially in the light of Islamic societies. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive concept of the current situation of women within the arbitrary acts and oppression that existed in those societies. Especially the issue of the veil, the approaches of contemporary feminist discourse to the veil varied, and were formed and presented through several overlapping circles, including the historical approaches dealing with the legislative exclusion or (roots) of the Islamic veil, and the political exclusion of the veil in which the views of some feminist researchers differed on the veil .

This study is based on two methods: Quantitative Analysis and Spatial Analytical Analysis. The study is based on a number of analyzes, including: Analysis of spatial distribution, analysis using the neighborhood link method, analysis using natural distribution law for population and area, and network analysis; to determine the best paths, The analysis was based on the planning criteria related to the demographic dimension of each type of health services, one of the quantitative analyzes adopted by this research. In contrast, the analysis of spatial suitability to reach the result of the weighted match was the most important spatial analysis in it.
The results of this study are: 1. The appropriate areas for the distribution of health services in the city of Hebron constitute (13.44%). In contrast, the inappropriate areas account for (9.4%) of the city area. Considering the basis and planning criteria for the distribution of health services spatially and spatially; to achieve the highest level of efficiency in them.

Aristotle is one of the most prominent philosophers of ancient Greek thought , and his methodology in his syntheses , especially logical ones , had its impact on his followers and philosophical thought until the modern era . but the guestion that arises from reviewing the story of Aristotles books and how they reached those interested in philosophy in a later period of time , as well as the strong doubts expressed by researchers in many of the chapters and paragraphs of these tunes , but the fabrication of tuners that Aristotle was not originally , all of this leads to doubt in those Aristotelian morals , and even doubts Aristotles scientific value , and that it belongs to his followers more than it is due to him as a symbol of the direction of the school .

In this paper we want to evaluate the implicit cost of capital in order to find the most appropriate model for determining the risk premium and thus the implicit cost of capital, through several factors affecting the choice of the most appropriate model in the Iraq Stock Exchange for a sample of banks for the period from 2006 to 2015 in order to know which of the models It is the most successful in the future. After evaluating four models to estimate the implicit capital cost, the PEG model was the most efficient in determining the risk premium in the Iraq Stock Exchange.

The Noble Qur’an is unique and is superior to other speech by its wonderful link between sound and significance. Ancient and contemporary scholars were aware of this, and it became clear to them that the sound is a mainstay in the construction of the Qur’anic expression, and they proved the relationship of sounds with meaning, whether those sounds were singular such as vowels such as the alpha and ya, or consonants, or they were compound sounds that support each other to indicate the meanings of their similarity in the adjective.
)Ibn Jinni) expanded on the phonetic semantic issues referred to by the previous ones, deepened their rooting and enriched them with unquestionable examples. From the events, and from here the concept of (sound problem) was born, a term for the hidden link between sounds and their connotations.
In this research, a brief presentation of the sounds of the word and its similarity to its meaning, and scientists monitored this similarity. We dealt with this in various fields, opposite or compatible, with what is prominent from the verses extracted from the Noble Qur’an, and the search for (the expressive value of the sound) is not limited to single sounds only; Rather, the researchers monitored the audio elements transmitted in the text, which by their intimate connection dominate the structure of the noble verses, giving them another facet of significance, which is not guided by any other than this audio monitoring.
In the verses of empowerment and obedience, the Holy Qur’an used a set of words in which the voices meet the events that express them, and they echoed the atmosphere that dominates the sentence or the text. The researchers presented a group of those verses in which the phonetic similarity appears, and the effect of those problems in strengthening or intensifying the significance.

Literature in general and poetry in particular need the methods of the Budaiya to highlight its artistic images, and its creative aesthetics, as the image is based in its construction on the methods of statement and exquisite as main tools in drawing its dimensions and embodying its scenes to this end; the image for modernists: ((Any linguistic trick that means the distant - not the near - meaning of words, or changes the normal order of the words of the sentence or the letters of the word, or in which a metaphorical meaning replaces a real meaning, or in which the imagination of the hearer is raised by the nickname for meanings necessitated by the familiar meaning of the word, or In which words are arranged, or rearranged to improve the style of speech or increase its impact on the same reader or listener. We will limit the study of the methods of exquisite formation in the poetry of the poet Dhurgham al-Barqaawi to three styles: alliteration, tabaq and interview, which does not mean that the rest of the creative methods are absent in his poetry, but we limited ourselves to these styles, because these styles are the most frequently seen in his poetry, and the clearest to appear.