kufa Journal for Nursing sciences

This field study was conducted to identify the relationship between the regulation of visits of pregnant and some variables. The sample consisted of (100) subjects in different age groups the instruments used included a questionnaire to identify the demographic data and purposes of their visits to obtain general information concerning the study participants. The main results shows that (30%) of the pregnant were aged under (20) years old, and (77%) of the sample visit the PHC centers periodically as recommended also the main results shows a significant relationship between age and the regular visits. The main recommendations included development of more educational programs in the secondary schools to document and identify the importance of periodic visits to the PHC centers.

Background: Adolescence are assuming responsibility for their own eating habits, changes in eating habits between 15 and 18 years were very slight, or obese.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the eating habits of adolescent students of secondary school.
Methodology: A cross – sectional survey study were carried out in three public Arabic secondary schools, (two schools for boys and one for girl) in Erbil city in the 1st /February/ 2011 to 30th / March / 2011. A systematic sample size of 461 students was selected.
Results: Total number of students was 461; majority (96.6%) of students was normal weight. The mean age ± standard deviation was 16.34 ± 1.36. Male students that are overweight were constituted only 3.4% of the total students. Adolescents having three meals per day are more overweight than those did not have it; those who have food between meals were less overweight than they did not have it. Snacking and light meal consumption was less among study subjects. Eating fruits daily were more common among overweight students than others. Adolescents drinking milk and eating milk products dailies were more overweight than they did not, while drinking soft drinks are less overweight than those did not. Eating fatty food last 30 days more abandon among overweight students than others.
Conclusion: This study was able to identify the eating behaviors of a sample of Arabian secondary school students in Erbil city. Much more representative sample should be taken with concentration on interviewing techniques in the future works.

Background: Class II division 1 malocclusion represents the most common skeletal discrepancy which orthodontists see in daily practice. The understanding the morphology of the mandible is a key element in diagnosis and treatment planning in the field of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. This study provides new information about the skeletal and dental pattern of the mandible with class II division1, based on skeletal II for Iraqi adult sample aged (18 - 26) years
in comparison with normal occlusion by means of cephalometric measurements used by clinical practitioners. (20) males and (21) females with a skeletal Class II were chosen and compared with (26) males and (28) females with normal occlusion by using the (ANB) angle. Nine angular measurements and eight linear measurements have been used in this study.
Results: the results were as follows: When the angular and linear measurements of skeletal class I and II overall, males and females samples were compared, the retrusion of mandible with a short length of the ramus and a tendency of a backward rotation of the mandible in relation to the cranial base in skeletal class II are the most important causes of class II malocclusion with the facial profile is more convex in skeletal class II overall and males samples while, all the angular and linear measurements used in this study show no significant difference between
skeletal class I and II females, except the facial profile is more convex in skeletal class II females sample. The lower incisors is more procline in class II than in class I overall sample but this difference is not statistically significant in males and females sample. No significant difference could be noted between sexes of skeletal class II in the angular measurements. Most linear measurements were larger in males than in females class II division 1 except for two
measurements the posterior cranial base length and the length of the body of the mandible show no significant difference between class II division 1 males and females.

Background: The prevalence of asthma has been increasing since the 1980. Asthma and tooth decay are the two major causes of school absenteeism. There are few studies present in the literature.
Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to know the severity of dental caries and periodontal problems in children before and after taking antiasthma tic medication.
Methodology: The present study was conducted on 105 six- to fourteen year-old asthmatic children to determine the condition of the dental caries and their periodontal status. Before and after taking antiasthma tic medication for a period of 1 year and these were matched with their countries.
Results: The results showed that salbutamol inhaler shows increased caries rate with high significance over other groups, which was followed by salbutamol tablets and beclomethasone inhaler respectively.
Conclusion & Recommendation: It has been concluded that antiasthma tic medication has its effects on dental caries and periodontal disease and asthmatic patients are recommended to adopt more precautionary oral hygiene practices and keep their caries activity and periodontal health under constant check.

Background: The umbilical cord is the life line of fetus and its vital blood vessels are the most vulnerable part of the fetal anatomy.
Objectives: The objective of the current study was to recognize the insertion site and to study the histological appearance of the cord at different gestational periods.
Results: The study revealed that eccentric site of location was 64.99% the central insertion 28.33% and marginal insertion 6.66%.
Conclusion: Microscopic study of umbilical artery revealed that the measurements of thickness of muscular layer (tunica media) was increased from 0.6µm at the third month of gestation to 9.2µm at ninth month (at delivery) which may explain the increase in strength and elasticity of the cord against torsion and compression as the fetus became near the term.

This study was conducted in the unit of maternal and child care in AL-Abassia General Hospital in the province of Najaf for the period of 1st of November 2009 until 31st of January 2010 to identify the application of periodic examinations of pregnant women, reviews of the unit of maternal and child care, was collected by questionnaire form at A purposive sample of data. The total number (100) pregnant women. Aged (15-39 years) and the summit
were between the ages (25-29 years). (52%) of cases were taken natural history to them (62%) make their examination Physicist, (80%) made their gynecological examination (36%) of cases were asked for signs of risk to have, (68%) made their examination lactation (81%) make them examine the type of blood and the corresponding (78%) made them to measure the proportion of hemoglobin blood (80%) was measured by weight, (82%) were measured blood pressure, and had finally, (72%) were measured sugar in the blood to them.
Recommend of this study on the role of primary health units in health centers and hospitals need to conduct periodic examinations for revision pregnant women's because of their significant role in surveillance and early detection of dangerous situations to address and prevent further morbidity and mortality ratios for the expectant mother and fetus. Also, the promotion of the field surveys for these cases to enable the establishment of the database planning and medical research in this area.

The odontogenic keratocyst of the jaw refers to an uncommon benign lesion that originates from dental primordial. A retrospective study was conducted about the odontogenic keratocyst clinically, radiographically, and histopathologically in a fifty-two Iraqi patients from the archives of Oral pathology department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, over a period from 1990-2000.
The result showed that the mean age was (29.2) years, males were affected more than the females with a ratio (1.6:1). The mandibular molar region was the most specific site involved, followed by mandibular premolar area. The most common clinical symptom was the alveolar bone expansion. Radiographic feature revealed a dominancy of multilocular appearance in (63.6%), associated with unerupted tooth in (31.8%). Histologically, the cyst shows ameloblastic variation in only three cases.

Objectives: to identify the knowledge of the mother about the newborn health and breast feeding.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on the mother's knowledge about the newborn breast feeding, for the period of Dec. 11th (2010) to March 21st (2011), at Al-Zahra Najaf-Teaching hospital, Thirty mothers (30) with their newborns were interviewed randomly at the hospital using questionnaire formats to collect the fulfillment data of the involved sample at age grouped between (19 to 42 years).
Results: The study showed that the most age-group affected was (19-26) years (36.7%); (93.3%) of mothers were occupied; most of them (66.7%) were rural residents with primary level of education (40%).
Conclusion: The mother's knowledge were rare about the newborn's breast feeding (66.7%); and most of them were young.
Recommendations: A mass media survey must be hold in Iraq as a teaching program for mothers during the prenatal and postnatal periods.

In this prospective study we evaluate Doppler spectral parameters in lymphomatous, reactive, metastatic and acute inflammatory lymph nodes & evaluated the pulsed Doppler sonography as a technique to distinguish between different causes of cervical lymphadenopathy. Spectral Doppler analysis with measurement of resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV) &End diastolic velocity (EDV) was performed in 100 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy. The results of Doppler analysis were compared with findings of cytology & histology or with clinical presentation & follow up. T-test was used to assess statistical significance of differences in Doppler parameters between groups of patients. Significant differences in RI & PI were shown between all groups of patients except between lymphomatous & reactive lymph nodes. Specificity of 100% for metastatic nodal involvement was shown for cutoff values RI>0.80 & PI > 1.80 . A positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% for acute lymphadenitis was shown for cutoff values RI < 0.50 & PI < 0.60. An EDV > 10 cm/s has 100% negative predictive value for nodal metastasis, & EDV < 2cm/s has 100% specificity & PPV for metastases . Although there exist differences in RI, PI, PSV & EDV between different nodal diseases, unfortunately, only extreme cutoff values may occasionally be helpful in differential diagnosis. Doppler spectral analysis is a valuable noninvasive adjunct which can help in differentiation between metastatic, lymphomatous, acute inflammatory & reactive lymphadenopathy, but cannot eliminate the need for biopsy in the majority of cases.

Background: Evaluation of nursing services technique for patients with diabetes mellitus was carried out on diabetic patients in Najaf hospitals (Al-Sadder teaching hospital and Al Hakeem general hospital)
Objectives: to evaluate the nursing services technique for diabetic patients, and to identify the relationship between these services and nurses demographic characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted in special center for diabetes mellitus (D.M), in (August 1st to December 20th) 2010. The sample was selected randomly for 30 nurses (21 males and 9 females), at the diabetes mellitus units. The data was randomly collected through interviewing and questionnaire format. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: Part one:- includes 5 items focused on the socio-demographic data (age, gender, level of education, years of nurses experiences and training sessions), while Part two:- includes nursing services data with 35 items as an observational tools and techniques. The sample data was computed and analyzed through the inferential statistics method (chi-square, degree of freedom and p-value).
Results: The present results revealed that a significant association wasn't there between the nursing services and their socio-demographic characteristics, but highly significant relationships was there between the level of nurses education and the nursing services for patients with diabetes mellitus (P. Value= 0.0014).