Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

Anyone who follows global sports achievements sees that sports are in constant and continuous development, and the reason for this is due to the tremendous scientific development taking place in the sports field, which led to the development of the training process using modern training devices and equipment and the development of analysis methods that came as a result of scientific studies, research and experiments. Through the above, studying the movement performed by the human body requires accurate analysis through familiarity with the sources of knowledge about the biomechanics of effectiveness or motor skill by knowing what happens during movement as well as what can govern this movement from mechanical laws and principles in order to identify how and why this movement occurs in the way it does.

The research included the introduction and the importance of the research, in which the researchers addressed the reality of the game of volleyball and the changes that occurred in it through the law and performance of the smash serve. The importance of the research was evident in the importance of standing on the most important variables that contribute to the development of this skill through the scientific analysis of this skill, relying on the scientific method in the analysis and stating all the variables of the skill and presenting it to the coaches working in the sports arena. As for the problem of the research, it is the lack and lack of development of the level of skill performance of the smash serve, which requires shedding light on the variables of this skill through the biomechanical analysis of this skill and identifying the most important variables that contribute to its development. The research aimed to evaluate some biokinematic variables in the performance of the smash serve for the youth of the Gas Al-Janoub Club in volleyball. Therefore, the researcher assumed the existence of weakness in the values ​​of some biokinematic variables in the performance of the Gas Al-Janoub Club players in volleyball. As for the research areas, they are: The human field: represented by the youth players of the Gas Al-Janoub Club in volleyball for the year 2009-2010

Study objectives: 1. To identify the effect of the educational curriculum using mechanical aids in developing shooting accuracy and some biokinematic variables. 2. To identify the differences in shooting accuracy values ​​and some biokinematic variables between the pre- and post-tests of the research sample. Study procedures: 1. An educational curriculum was prepared using mechanical aids to develop the performance technique for the shooting accuracy skill in football according to some kinematic variables. 2. Six kinematic variables were measured, all of which represent the study variables, namely (knee joint angle of the striking leg, knee angle of the supporting leg, torso tilt angle with the horizontal line, ball launch speed, ball launch angle, shooting accuracy). 3. The study sample consisted of eight players from the youth of Al-Minaa Sports Club in football. 4. The statistical program SPSS was used.

The introduction and importance included, where the researchers addressed the importance of physical education and its interaction with other sciences and the nature of the various means, methods and strategies that work to develop the learning process and increase its effectiveness. The use of cooperative learning and the (comparative) strategy works to involve students in the work during the educational unit to a greater extent. It also included the research problem that was formulated in the form of a question about what are the best strategies through which students' abilities can be developed and help them in working together in order to learn the skill of serving in tennis, and how to transfer teaching from methods that depend on the learner's passivity to methods in which the learner interacts. As for the research objective, it was as follows: To identify the proposed educational curriculum using the cooperative learning (comparative) strategy in learning the skill of serving in tennis. The researchers assumed the following: There are differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-tests. The research areas included: Conclusions: 1- The method used in learning contributed effectively to learning the skill. 2- Reducing the effort expended by the teacher in managing the lesson. Recommendations: By presenting, analyzing and discussing the research results, the following conclusions were reached: 1- There is diversity in learning strategies for learning the serve skill in tennis. 2- Conducting similar studies with other activities and other skills.

The researchers addressed everything new in the science of sports training and the continuous renewal and development imposed by changes in the level of physical and skill performance, thus becoming a science that keeps pace with development and achieves accomplishments. This is evident through the talents, accomplishments and numbers achieved by athletes in various sports games and events, whether individual or collective. One of the established principles in sports training is to rely on the efforts and research of trainers and specialists in using different types and methods of training methods in order to develop the technical level and bring players to physical and skill integration. The aim of the research was to *know the effect of controlling three periods of rest in between on performance endurance and individual defensive movements in handball. The research hypothesis was *the existence of significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in performance endurance and defensive movements tests in favor of the post-tests. The most important conclusions were: 1- There is a positive effect of the methods used in training the three groups. 2- The training method (30 seconds of physical load - 15 seconds of rest) is an appropriate method for developing functional efficiency and the ability to endure performance and repeated defensive movements. As for the most important recommendations, they were: 1- Following scientific methods in developing the application of exercises in a manner that suits the sample and skill. 2- Standardizing the components of the training load to suit the requirements of physical and skill performance together.

The importance of the research is highlighted in shedding light on the methods used in long-distance shooting from jumping and providing the values ​​of the most important biokinematic variables for these methods and ensuring the variation between players in achieving long-distance shooting from jumping after reaching the highest point (zero zone) and after descending from it and before reaching it and in order to provide comprehensive information about it that enables trainers and teachers to develop appropriate training for each method and according to the requirements of need. Hence, the problem of the research came through the lack of information about the methods used in long-distance shooting from jumping as well as the lack of values ​​of the most important biokinematic variables for each method of long-distance shooting from jumping that differ in their biokinematic variables despite achieving the correct result, which is successful shooting. This is due to the variation in the propulsion mechanism between players.

The research included the introduction and importance, which is evident in enriching this game with mental tests in general and perception in particular, due to the great importance of this mental ability and its tests in raising the player's level and evaluating him. The research problem The research problem crystallized in the lack of mental tests for young players in basketball and a test to measure perception in particular, as this affects the technical and tactical level of the young player in basketball. The research objectives were limited to the following: 1- Designing a basketball throwing distance perception test for young players in the southern region. 2- Determining standard grades and levels for the basketball throwing distance perception test for young players in the southern region in Iraq. The researchers reached the following conclusions: 1- The highest percentage achieved by the sample in the basketball throwing distance perception test was at the average level. 2- The lowest percentage achieved by the sample in this test was at the good and acceptable levels. The most important recommendations are: 1- Adopting this test to measure the perception of throwing distance among young basketball players. 2- Adopting the grades and levels that were reached as one of the evaluation methods. 3- Conducting similar research and studies for other age groups.

The researchers addressed in the first chapter the introduction and the importance of the research: Since administrative performance is considered the basis for the success of sports institutions and its vital role in them, attention must be paid to providing the requirements of administrative performance and providing the necessary capabilities and supplies that help to show the performance in the correct manner by providing a positive and healthy atmosphere that helps teachers and instructors to do their duty in the required manner. The research problem was represented in the absence of specific objective standards to measure the levels of administrative performance in scouting branches in sports and scouting activities. Therefore, the researcher decided to build a scale for the administrative performance of teachers and teachers working in scouting branches affiliated with the Directorate of Sports and Scouting Activities in Iraq. Among the objectives of the research: Building, standardizing and applying a scale for administrative performance in scouting branches in the Directorates of Sports and Scouting Activities in Iraq. As for the research hypothesis: The existence of varying levels of administrative performance in scouting branches. As for the fifth chapter, it included the conclusions and recommendations, and among the conclusions were: 1- The existence of varying levels of administrative performance in scouting branches for teachers and instructors. 2- Administrative performance plays an important role in the success of the work and producing the best results if The capabilities that teachers and instructors need during work were provided, whether in scouting departments or in scouting camps. The recommendations were: 1- Urging those responsible for the administration in the directorates of sports and scouting activities to involve teachers and instructors in expressing their opinions and ideas, as well as participating in decision-making, because this has a positive impact on their performance and will give them high confidence in themselves. Then we will find them making great efforts at work. 2- Providing all the necessary capabilities and supplies that help teachers and instructors make great efforts during work.

The administrative bodies have a major role in influencing others and gaining their obedience and respect and spreading the spirit of cooperation and motivating them, all through good administrative supervision of these administrative bodies. The research problem was evident in the lack of standards based on the foundations of supervisory work for the administrators of sports clubs for the first and excellent divisions. The aim of the research is to identify the differences between the administrative bodies in administrative supervision between the clubs of the first and excellent divisions, as well as to identify the differences in the areas of administrative supervision, as the research sample included coaches of some team games for the first and excellent divisions in the governorates of the central and southern regions, as the administrative supervision scale for the administrative bodies in sports clubs was built and applied, and one of the most important conclusions was the existence of a difference in administrative supervision between the clubs of the excellent division and the clubs of the first division, as well as the existence of a difference in the financial field of the scale

The research aimed to prepare a proposed educational curriculum using the methods of (explanation and live model) and (video images) and to identify the extent of its impact in improving the level of performance of some complex skills with motor sentences on the floor movement mat for gymnastics players aged (9-10) years. The research was conducted on a sample of gymnastics players aged 9-10 years, totaling 12 players. The researchers used the experimental method with a pre- and post-measurement design on two experimental and control groups. The most important conclusions reached by the research are the following: 1- The results of the two groups in the post-tests showed that the two educational methods are more effective than the traditional method in developing the elements of physical fitness and learning motor skills on the floor movement mat under study. 2- The experimental group that used the two educational methods outperformed the control group in the post-tests of motor skills, and this was shown by the results of the differences through the (T) test for independent samples. Among the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers are: 1- Emphasizing the use of the two learning methods (explanation and live model) and (video images The video) for what they showed of comprehensiveness and effective sufficiency in learning for the age group 9-10 years, especially in training centers. 2- The necessity for trainers to pay attention to the skills combined on the floor movement mat and on the rest of the devices because they contain more than one main section, and this affects the amount of the final grade unless those skills are performed within one framework in a sequential and fluid manner as if they were one skill.

Hence, the importance of the research lies in experimenting with the high-intensity interval training method and demonstrating the extent of the success of the method of standardizing the exercises used according to the heart rate and applying it in this way to develop performance endurance and thyroxine concentration, and thus putting it within the reach of our trainers by conveying the correct information about this training method and methods of standardizing exercises and how to use the scientific method for training load and then raising the level of the game and our players for the better. The aim of the research is to: identify the effect of applying the exercises used in the high-intensity interval training method standardized according to the heart rate in developing indicators of performance endurance and thyroxine hormone for advanced basketball players. The researchers hypothesized: applying the exercises used in the high-intensity interval training method standardized according to the heart rate method has a positive effect in developing indicators of performance endurance and thyroxine hormone for advanced basketball players. The most important conclusions were: Using the method of standardizing exercises according to the heart rate was credited with achieving the desired results with an increase in the level of special endurance. The most important recommendations of the research were to adopt the standardized exercises according to the heart rate used in the research to raise the level of special endurance and increase the concentration of the thyroxine hormone for advanced basketball players.

In the first chapter, the researchers addressed the introduction and the importance of the research: the importance of the push time on the rest of the mechanical variables and thus giving importance to the variables during training and building training units to reach the best results. The research problem: Does the push time affect some mechanical variables in the smash serve? The research objectives: Identifying the relationship between the push time and the values ​​of some mechanical variables in the smash serve performance in volleyball. The research hypothesis: There is a significant correlation between the push time and the values ​​of some mechanical variables in the smash serve performance in volleyball. The fifth chapter included the conclusions and recommendations. Among the conclusions: • The emergence of a significant correlation between the push time variable and each of (the rise angle, the player's flight angle, the maximum vertical height of the body's center of gravity, the vertical speed of the body's center of gravity). The recommendations were: 1. Training using exercises based on mechanical foundations. 2. Continuously analyzing performance and making comparisons with international levels to evaluate performance. 3. Studying more variables in performance to find hidden relationships and trying to benefit from them in developing performance.

The first chapter contained the introduction and the importance of the research, as the importance of the research lies in improving and building the team, as this is done through a direct link between social skills and achievement motivation. The researchers addressed the research problem, which they see as the lack of knowledge of social skills by coaches, especially since the most important objectives of the research are: 1- Building and applying a scale for the efficiency of social skills for young football players. 2- Identifying the levels of the scale axes for the efficiency of social skills. As for the research hypotheses, they represented the basis of the researchers' work, the most important of which was knowing the efficiency of social skills. As for its fields, the human field was young football players for Basra clubs, and the spatial field was the stadiums of sports clubs. The research continued for a period of time from 10/3 to 20/5/2011. From this, the researchers came to a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: 1- The levels of the axes of the social skills efficiency scale were identified in the research sample, and there were five levels. Through this, the researchers recommend: 1- Finding a qualified and specialized academic cadre in preparing and implementing psychological and social preparation programs and educational guidance. 2- Coaches should pay attention to the psychological and social aspect of the players by developing exercises to develop skills. Social.