Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The research included the introduction and the importance of the research, through which the researcher addresses the tests and measurements and their importance in the sports field, which must be performed accurately, the method of measurement and testing must be determined, as well as the nature and specificity of the performance, its instructions, and methods of measurement and calculation of results must be determined, in addition to the scientific transactions of these tests in terms of validity, reliability and objectivity. The researcher also addressed the importance of the research, which revolves around determining the most accurate image of the explosive strength test for the leg muscles. As for the research problem, it is the form of the simple factorial structure that can appear through jumping tests, and which of these tests will achieve the simple factorial structure for the explosive strength tests for the leg muscles.

The role of sports and their practice is no longer limited to championship sports, sports competitions and winning medals, but has extended to the importance and role of sports in achieving general health and enjoying new physical, psychological and mental health. If disease is defined as a difference in the natural physiological functions of the body’s organs, then regular practice of physical activities leads to raising the functional efficiency of the body’s organs with increased immunity against dysfunction (1). This is on the one hand. On the other hand, sports and physical activity may be, in the view of some, a means of reducing tensions resulting from frustrations arising from the pressures of modern life. Accordingly, physical activity in this case becomes a means of promoting and relieving pent-up emotions.

This study aims to design an educational program using the multimedia method, and to identify its effect on learning some basic motor skills in handball for second-stage students in the College of Physical Education - University of Maysan for the academic year 2010-2011. The sample included (20) students and was divided into two groups, one of which was an experimental group consisting of (10) students, and the proposed program was followed using the multimedia method, and the other was a control group consisting of (10) students, and the traditional method was followed. The results of the study showed that the multimedia method was more effective in learning handball skills (under study) than the traditional method, which indicates its effectiveness and impact. In light of the results, the researcher recommends that the teacher should use multimedia in teaching basic handball skills in particular and other sports skills in general, due to the effectiveness it has achieved in the results, and its impact on the direct and continuous interaction between the learner and the educational material.

The introduction to the research and its importance include the importance of electrical stimulation and plyometric training and the extent of their impact on developing muscular capacity, which is one of the important physical elements that must be available in both good swimmers and volleyball players, especially when performing their basic skills related to leg movements, as these movements require high strength and speed and to improve the quality of muscular capacity, especially the maximum strength of the gastrocnemius muscle and the explosive strength of the legs, as there are several methods and techniques to develop them, including (electrical stimulation and plyometric training). The researcher found that these exercises did not receive sufficient attention in scientific research, especially in our country, Iraq, and they were never tested in an integrated manner to know their effect. Therefore, the researcher decided to delve into this topic by identifying the effect of using (electrical stimulation and plyometric training) by preparing a training method that aims to develop the maximum strength of the gastrocnemius muscle and its electrical activity, as well as the height of the deep jump for swimmers and volleyball players and compare them.

Physical education lesson is one of the basic rules in achieving educational and educational goals in any educational institution. Taking care of physical education lesson is the first and important step through which the goals required in the prescribed curriculum are achieved. Basketball is one of the team games characterized by continuous friction between the players of the two competing parties, which has begun to gain great popularity at the local and international levels due to the game's wonderful combination of technical performance and fast pace, which impresses the audience, especially when scoring goals with high skill and accuracy and the plans prepared and prepared to enable the two students to perform them well. Hence, the importance of research emerged in finding ways and means that develop the student's ability to perceive the force of the ball's push and feel it while learning the skill of high tapping and scoring (free throw) by introducing arm strength perception exercises and then their impact on the level of learning the skill of tapping and scoring (free throw) in basketball.

Physical activity is no longer a random activity with uncertain results, the goal of which is entertainment, fun and competition sometimes, as it was in the past. Rather, it has become a physical activity whose doses are based on a physical or biological philosophy that relies on the means of modern scientific development, the foundations of which have been established with the aim of advancing this effort and advancing its functional and psychological state in its simple and advanced forms, whether in beginner sports or in high-level sports. In order to achieve the goal of this philosophy, we must understand and employ many of the sciences related to sports activities and exploit them optimally to serve the training process.

Basketball is one of the exciting and competitive games in which players show off their prowess by showing motor performance with high aesthetic and creative specifications. Information must be available to the brain through the visual scene, which allows us to choose the motor program that suits the current playing situation, the player's proximity to the basket, and the length of the defender. The importance of the research lies in providing scientific information and objective facts about the importance of the visual scene and its relationship to the motor performance of shooting by jumping after approaching with linear and rotational movement. As for the problem of the research, the lack of information about the time period preceding the moment of shooting and the variables that accompany it, especially if the shooting is after the rotation process, which is one of the circular and rotational movements, is one of the things that affect the shooting performance with high accuracy. The researcher aimed to identify the differences between the time of the visual scene and the values ​​of some biokinematic variables between shooting from jumping after approaching with linear and rotational movement and calculated as two points in basketball.

The introduction and the importance of the research included, as the difficulty of the achievements made in gymnastics, which reached the level of miracles, was addressed on most devices, especially the rings device, which is considered one of the requirements for strength and stability movements, and one of these movements is the inverted cross movement, and its difficulty value is () which is considered one of the most important requirements for the device, while the importance of the research is summarized in that performing this movement guarantees the player to meet the degree of difficulty, in addition to the fact that performing it contributes to linking other movements and developing them to increase the degree of difficulty, and thus raising the player's final degree, so the researcher relied on a group of muscle strength exercises that contribute to performing this skill on the rings device

The research aims to identify the perception (sensory-motor) and the level of values ​​of some physical and skill abilities among fourth-stage female students at the College of Physical Education for Girls, and then find the relationship between perception (sensory-motor) and some physical skill abilities in volleyball. The researcher used the descriptive approach. The research sample included (fourth-stage female students) at the College of Physical Education for Girls, numbering (50) students. Some technical tests nominated by experts and specialists were used. After using appropriate statistical methods, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: - • There is a significant correlation between perception (sensory-motor) and some physical abilities of fourth-stage female students at the College of Physical Education for Girls. • There is a significant correlation between perception (sensory-motor) and some skill abilities of fourth-stage female students at the College of Physical Education for Girls. The most important recommendations are: • Emphasizing through practical lessons the development of physical and sensory qualities in a balanced manner through separate and interconnected training to obtain a good base for serving good skill performance.

The study aimed to: 1. Identify the differences between the two groups (high conduction speed and low conduction speed) in some motor abilities among junior gymnasts. 2. Identify the relationship between nerve conduction speed and some motor abilities among junior gymnasts. The researcher used the descriptive approach in his research on a sample of (17) players who train at the gymnastics training center (the gymnastics hall affiliated to the Martyr Muhammad Hassan Al-Muhammadawi Elementary School) in Basra Governorate, whose ages ranged between (9-10) years. In order to avoid factors that affect the results of the experiment in terms of differences in height, weight and age, the researcher sought to homogenize the research sample by means of the torsion coefficient. The necessary tests were also conducted to measure the variables of nerve conduction, dynamic balance, agility and coordination. After processing the data with a computer according to the statistical program SPSS Ver 10, a set of conclusions were reached: 1. There is a difference in the speed of nerve conduction among the individuals of the research sample, and this is what the results of the statistical classification Classify k - Means Cluster showed, as it appeared that the results of the high conduction speed ranged between (64.08 - 73.63) and the number of its members was (12) players, while the results of the low conduction speed ranged between ( 53.38 - 61.60) and the number of its members was (5) players. 2. The high nerve conduction velocity group outperformed the low nerve conduction velocity group in the motor abilities under study, as shown by the results of the (T) distribution for independent samples. 3. The results of the simple correlation coefficient (Person) showed a significant correlation between nerve conduction velocity and the motor abilities under study (coordination, agility, balance). Based on this, a set of recommendations were reached, the most important of which are: 1. The necessity of conducting physiological tests, especially the quality of nerve preparation of the muscles, to investigate various problems affecting the peripheral nervous system. 2. When choosing (selecting) players in games that require high performance speed, they must have high conduction speed.

Dietary regulation is an important basis for the life of the individual in general and the life and activity of the youth in particular, especially those who are in the stage of study and learning, where they interact more with the requirements surrounding them, and this is what we notice in a basic and greater way among the students of the faculties of physical education, where dietary regulation plays an important and distinctive role in interacting with the requirements and goals of these faculties, as it has a great impact on achieving their requirements in terms of arming themselves with the scientific aspect that focuses on preparing the student physically and healthily at the same time to reach integration in achieving the required level and thus success and excellence. Therefore, dietary regulation is one of the important foundations that the student must be aware of and familiar with according to basic rules based on the health and scientific nature of the sources in providing information rich in scientific benefit in terms of the type and quantity of this food and the negatives and positives that result from it on the health of the student and what is reflected in that on the nature of the study and performance in such a college, in which the physical and health aspect plays a fundamental role in achieving its goals.

Global sports have developed significantly in recent years, as this development has included all types of individual and group sports activities. This development did not come about by chance, but rather as a result of benefiting from scientific research and studies contributed by researchers, which represent a bright sign and efforts in the progress and advancement of countries. However, ongoing studies require the innovation of new scientific methods and approaches that contribute significantly to the development of the fields of sports education. This has made those working in the fields of sports education look forward to a bright future by solving our sports problems through scientific research methods and benefiting from modern theories in the sciences of sports education and other related sciences to develop everything related to the process of learning and training skills and all sports activities. Accordingly, the process of learning and training depends on many factors, some of which are related to the learner or related to educational or training methods, and some of which are related to the skill category and type of activity (individual or group) and by using the latest educational or training methods and using auxiliary methods through organizing and scheduling exercise methods and adopting the correct scientific classification of skills and how to learn them and taking the hand of beginners and young people to reach the level of mastery of skills. He states, “The progress of any player’s level and the extent of his success depends to a large extent on the degree of mastery of skills, and this can be achieved by following the correct approach in the methods and means of learning and training.”

The junior category in fencing is the basis for the progress and development of the game as they are the pillar on which sports ambitions are relied upon. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare them well according to the scientific foundations followed in sports training and as a specialised building stage in itself and a broad base to reach high levels. For this reason, it has become necessary for us to realise the responsibility of raising the level of the junior athlete towards the better and in a way that makes him achieve the digital level in advanced sports achievement, and to take into account the importance of the young age of the champions, and to instill in the souls of the juniors the conscious feeling of the importance of the qualities that put them on the path to success. Therefore, it is necessary for coaches not to be satisfied with familiarity with traditional training methods and means only, but they must also delve into preparing them in an integrated manner from all physical, skill, planning and psychological aspects and using the best modern methods and techniques.

Biomechanical analysis in volleyball is a tool that leads those in charge and specialists in this field to accurate knowledge of the movement parts and components to identify strengths and weaknesses in skill and tactical performance, as well as to discover errors and then work after measuring them to evaluate them according to the mechanical determinants of correct performance. The importance of the research lies in studying the smash hit from position (5) and its straight and diagonal types to find quantitative values ​​for the biomechanical variables that play a role in the accuracy of performing this skill, through which mechanical specifications can be found that can be relied upon by the coach in training players to reach a better technical level in terms of technical performance and playing position. The problem of the research lies in the lack of use of this type of attack, which is not present in Arab and Iraqi teams, which indicates a lack of keeping pace with the technical development taking place in the offensive approach in volleyball, especially since our teams lack diversity in their offensive tactics and according to playing positions, and thus identifying the values ​​of the biomechanical variables affecting the technical performance of the skill of the back smash hit from position (5) and its straight and diagonal types, and the relationship of the values ​​of these variables to the accuracy of performance.

Management science is a relatively new science that has become everything in our lives. We find it embodied in different forms and images because it is our only way to solve work problems, especially in the commercial, industrial and humanitarian aspects, and to study different situations in them. It is no wonder that management has become a science and an art after it was able to invade the fields of science and knowledge. Thus, management has actually become a resource of society, and has even become the most important of these resources due to its direct and tangible impact on achieving institutional, national and international goals. The importance of management is evident in achieving community service, meeting the desires of individuals and preserving their safety. Thus, management is considered one of the most comprehensive and important human activities and is the criterion for success and failure through the application of the administrative process with its correct scientific foundations, which contribute to achieving what researchers in the sports field aspire to. We see that the application process is part of this aspect because it plays an important role in various aspects and directions in order to achieve positive results.