Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The importance of the research lies in the modern application of sensory-visual modeling preferences in teaching gymnastics skills. This approach plays a significant role in conveying the details of skill performance to learners in a way that matches their ability to analyze movement parts according to this principle. Moreover, it proposes a comprehensive educational program to teach important skills for college gymnastics lessons. This program helps learners perform these skills consistently with sensory modeling methods for these movements, aiming to identify the best and most suitable methods for the research sample, achieving an acceptable level of technical performance (technique) within the given time frame.

Research Objectives:

Design a questionnaire for sensory modeling preferences in learning gymnastics skills.

Propose an educational program to teach the human wheel, Arabian flip, and front handspring on the floor exercise apparatus, aligned with sensory-visual modeling.

Key Conclusions:

The results showed statistically significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests of the experimental group, favoring the experimental group in the motor skills under study.

Recommendations:

Researchers recommended taking the sensory modeling preference seriously in conveying information to learners.

The study aimed to:

Design and standardize a test to measure the level of intermediate anaerobic lactic capacity for advanced basketball players.
Establish norms (scores and standard levels) for the designed and standardized test of intermediate anaerobic lactic capacity for advanced basketball players.
The researcher used the descriptive survey method as it suits the nature of the problem. As for the research sample, the researcher deliberately selected the research population, consisting of advanced basketball players in Basra Province for the 2015-2016 sports season. The research population totaled 65 players, representing 100% of the registered players in the records of the sub and central basketball federations. The researcher then selected the sample on which the test would be applied and standardized, comprising 41 players from Basra clubs, Al-Mina'a, South Oil, and the Basra University team, making up 63.07% of the population.

Key Conclusions:
A test was designed and standardized to assess the intermediate anaerobic lactic capacity of advanced basketball players.
Norms (scores and standard levels) were established for the designed test, serving as an objective guide to evaluate players by comparing individuals within their respective groups.
Recommendations:
The designed test, standardized and normed by the researcher, should be adopted as an indicator for evaluating intermediate anaerobic lactic capacity.
This test can be considered a benchmark for evaluating training levels, as it can be used as a monitoring tool to assess players' conditions during preparation phases and competitions.

The study aimed to select a set of small games to develop specific motor abilities and some basic movements in children aged 4-5 years, as well as to examine the impact of these games. The research was conducted from February 1, 2016, to May 3, 2016, on a sample of 24 children from Al-Maqal Kindergarten for the 2015-2016 academic year, aged 4-5 years. The sample was divided into two equal groups: an experimental group that practiced small games and a control group that followed the traditional method. Each group consisted of 12 children. Homogeneity and equivalence processes were carried out, and the researcher selected appropriate physical and skill tests.

A pilot study was conducted on a group of 6 children outside the main research sample to test the tools and procedures. Pre-tests were conducted for both groups, followed by the application of small games within eight educational units over eight weeks, with each unit lasting 45 minutes. Post-tests were then conducted, and the results were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

### Key Findings:
- The small games program had a statistically significant positive impact on developing basic motor skills such as walking, running, jumping, throwing, bouncing, and kicking in kindergarten children.
- Significant differences were observed between pre- and post-tests for the control group, which followed the traditional kindergarten curriculum, indicating the impact of the traditional method.

### Recommendations:
- Incorporating the small games program into the preschool curriculum due to its positive effect on developing basic motor skills in pre-school children.
- Providing various tools and equipment necessary for motor activities in kindergartens, as they have a significant impact on enhancing basic motor skills.
- Emphasizing the use of small games as an effective method for developing fundamental motor skills in young children.

The significant scientific advancements witnessed by the world recently, along with progress across various fields and sciences, are attributed to the use of modern and advanced methods to achieve desired goals. The field of sports has also experienced remarkable progress through improvements in athletic performance levels. This progress is a result of focusing on students using scientific principles and frameworks that enable them to achieve the best outcomes with minimal effort, utilizing the latest teaching methods.

Gymnastics, being one of the individual sports, requires specific attributes and demands. It is characterized by precision, agility, and beauty, while also necessitating high levels of physical, skill-based, and motor attributes. The research problem lies in the inadequacy of traditional teaching methods, which have limited effectiveness in enhancing learning and performance levels. These methods fail to meet the requirements of progress in this field and do not consider individual differences among learners.

Additionally, there is a need to provide support and assistance to learners and beginners during the learning of sports skills by employing the cooperative approach (integrative and peer-based) within educational units. This approach aims to develop the fundamental aspects of motor learning, including skill-based, physical, and motor dimensions, for the skills of diving and the cartwheel. These skills are particularly important in accelerating the development of motor learning in general and the specific skills of artistic gymnastics.

The researchers employed the experimental method due to its suitability for the nature of the problem. The study population consisted of a sample of third-year female students from the College of Physical Education, University of Basra, totaling 40 students who represented the original population. Statistical analysis using SPSS revealed that the cooperative approach (integrative and peer-based) positively impacted the performance of the diving and cartwheel skills under study.

The research included the great status of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, which is one of the important types of intelligence in physical education, which was brought by the theory of multiple intelligences, which requires the use of the body or parts of it to solve problems and the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate body movements and perform some tasks. Handball is a game of diverse skills and changing situations, requiring a method that relies on mental abilities in learning skills, and among these abilities is bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Due to our limited knowledge about the capabilities and abilities of female students in this type of intelligence, since knowing the degree of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence has a major role and may have importance or a relationship in the learning process and the development of learners, this research aimed to identify the degree of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and the relationship between it and the performance of some offensive skills in handball. It also included hypotheses and the human field, and they are second-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad, for the period from (25-4-2015/1-6-2015). The (Khawla Ahmed 2006) scale for bodily-kinesthetic intelligence was chosen, and the fourth chapter was in it Presentation and discussion of the results. The researcher concluded that the sample had a good degree of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, and that it had a positive relationship with the performance of some offensive skills. Among the recommendations is emphasizing bodily-kinesthetic intelligence during the performance of some skills and the necessity of conducting research on skills in other sports.

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"The aim of the research was to identify the trait of aggression between the boxers and wrestlers of the University of Diyala and the differences between the two activities. The researcher used the descriptive method with a comparative approach, as it suited the nature of the problem. The study population and sample consisted of the national teams of Diyala University participants in the university championship, which was held in the halls of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science. The total number of participants was 48 boxers distributed across 7 teams, representing 22.9% of the original population, and 42 wrestlers distributed across 6 teams, representing 26.19% of the original population. The researcher selected a representative sample from the university teams, specifically the teams from the College of Physical Education and Sports Science (boxing and wrestling), totaling 11 boxers and 11 wrestlers for the main experiment, chosen intentionally. Teams from the College of Agriculture and the College of Education for Pure Sciences, consisting of 8 and 9 players respectively, were excluded from the study sample as they were only part of the exploratory experiment. The researcher then used the T-test for independent samples to analyze the results. The findings led the researcher to several conclusions, the most important being that there were no significant differences between the boxers and wrestlers in terms of the trait of aggression. The results showed that the calculated t-value (0.192) was lower than the table value of t (2.09) at a degree of freedom of 20 and a significance level of 0.05. Despite both of these activities being individual sports within combat sports requiring violence and strength, the differences in aggression traits between the two sports were minimal. Both boxers and wrestlers displayed high levels of aggression, especially during competitions, but most players did not use this aggression in their performance. Among the key recommendations made by the researcher was that coaches should consider the psychological traits of boxers and wrestlers and utilize them in their technical performance."

One of the widely practiced sports that has spread and expanded significantly is football, which has become the number one team sport in the world for all age groups and both genders. Football is an organized team sport characterized by excitement, thrill, precision, speed, and high skill in both individual and team performance. The aim of the research was: 1- To prepare a curriculum for learning some basic skills in football, including (passing, receiving, rolling, and shooting), and (tactical knowledge in football). 2- To identify the differences between the pre- and post-test results in basic skills and tactical knowledge in football using the self-initiative method. 3- To identify the differences between the post-test results of basic skills in football and tactical knowledge using the self-initiative method. The most important conclusions were: The use of the self-initiative method led to improvements and development in basic skills (passing, rolling, shooting, and receiving) in football. The recommendation was to use the self-initiative method as one of the teaching and training methods by specialists in the sports field

The aim of the research is to prepare a learning curriculum based on the methods (learning circles, peer learning) to teach some basic skills in handball, and then to identify their impact on the learning process. The research hypothesis is: There are significant differences in the results of the pre- and post-tests for the research groups, favoring the post-test results. Also, there are significant differences in the post-test results between the groups. The experimental method was used on a sample selected randomly, which included 20 students from the second-year Physical Education Department, Section (A). The sample was divided into two equal groups, with 10 students in each group. The researchers prepared an educational curriculum that included several teaching units, using the methods of (learning circles – peer learning).

The main conclusions are: The use of the two methods under investigation had a positive effect on learning some basic skills in handball. Also, there is a variation in the post-test results between the two groups in learning some basic handball skills. The recommendations include: Conducting similar studies on other types of sports and diversifying the use of various teaching methods during educational units to motivate learners

"Adolescence is an important stage in an individual's life, during which their personalities are shaped and their energies and creativity are unleashed, if nurtured with care and attention by educators. Through dealing with students in secondary schools, the researchers noticed that some of them exhibited traits that seemed to be common, due to the problems they faced as a result of the painful circumstances and events that impacted their personalities, leading to weak social responsibility. Many educational and psychological studies have confirmed that the concept of social responsibility may be influenced by the social factors surrounding an individual, and that it is a learned behavior that those in charge can strengthen and develop. Through the researcher’s specialization in the field of psychological counseling and educational guidance, it was decided to address this issue by developing a tool to measure social responsibility among students. The current study was conducted on students in the preparatory stage (fourth grade) in the city center of Zubair in Basra, with a sample of 400 students for the academic year 2013-2014. The researcher will address in the theoretical framework the concept of social responsibility and related studies, both Arab and foreign. A social responsibility scale was developed consisting of 56 items, divided into 28 positive items and 28 negative items. Statistical treatments were conducted for the validity, reliability, and discriminatory power of the scale, and it was reviewed by 10 experts in the fields of educational sciences, psychology, and psychological counseling. To achieve the research goals, the researcher used appropriate statistical methods to enhance the study.

The research includes an introduction and its importance, which lies in designing a set of skill tests represented by a battery of specific skill tests for football players with special needs (deaf and mute). The problem of the research is the lack of a test battery to assess the skill level, which could be adopted as a scientific and objective basis by professionals in this field to select the best players. The aim of the research is to design and standardize tests to measure the skill variables for deaf and mute football players. The research hypotheses include extracting the most saturated tests using the statistical method (factor analysis) and developing scientific foundations for them. Regarding the research procedures, the researcher used the descriptive method with a survey approach, as it suited the problem-solving needs of the research. The researcher also defined the study population and sample through purposive sampling, which consisted of deaf and mute football players in the southern region (Basra, Amarah, and Muthanna), representing the Paralympic committees, with a sample size of 42 players to apply the selected tests and perform factor analysis.

There is a challenge in teaching the giant back circle skill on the horizontal bar in gymnastics to players under 14 years old due to fear of injury, falling, and the lengthy learning process. Therefore, the researcher developed an educational program utilizing devices and assistive tools to facilitate the learning process and improve the teaching of this skill. The program focused on essential aspects, including physical attributes (speed-strength of the legs) and motor abilities (shoulder flexibility).

The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed curriculum, as the experimental group showed greater progress compared to the control group after statistical analysis of the data.

The researcher recommended maximizing the use of devices and tools in the learning process to optimize effort and time investment.

The research addressed the importance of finding a new evaluation process that is consistent with the nature of the trait and this game, using some medical techniques and statistical procedures that would lead us to accurate objective results that enable those working in the field of training in a manner that is consistent with the players\' ability to reach the best levels. The research problem also lies in studying this case by designing and technicalizing a specialized laboratory test to measure the speed endurance trait of boxers according to the variables of the enzymes CPK and LDH and blood acidity PH, and setting standards and criteria that enable trainers and workers in this field to evaluate this trait and give them the scientific and logical foundations that they rely on in standardizing training programs to raise the level. The research aimed to design and standardize specialized tests to measure the speed endurance trait in terms of the enzymes CPK and LDH and blood acidity PH for boxers, as well as finding standards (standard grades and levels) for specialized tests to measure the speed endurance trait of boxers. The research areas represented the human field with advanced boxing players in Basra Governorate, and the time field was determined from 7/31/2015 to 5/6/2016, while the spatial field was the Southern Sports Club in Basra Governorate - and the pathological analysis laboratories. As for the research methodology and field procedures, the researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey and correlation method. As for the research sample, it amounted to (40) players representing (7) clubs from Basra Governorate for advanced boxing players, where this number constitutes (72.7%) of the original research community, which amounted to (55) players. This chapter also included the tools and devices used, means of collecting information, proposed tests, exploratory experiments and the main research. The most important conclusions related to the research included the following: 1- Designing and standardizing a test to measure speed endurance in terms of the enzymes CPK and LDH and blood pH for boxing players. 2- Standard grades and levels were found for the test and are considered an indicator to measure the physical performance of players and serve as objective evidence for evaluating players by comparing the individual within the group to which he belongs. 3- It appeared that there was a variation and difference between the sample members in obtaining standard grades and levels at different rates, and this indicates the validity of the test in measuring what it was designed for by distinguishing between individuals and knowing the individual differences and the state of adaptation for each player.

The research included five chapters, as the importance of the research was evident in highlighting anaerobic exercises that are similar and appropriate to develop the physical abilities and basic skills of wheelchair tennis players according to the training intervention of daily or weekly training units so that those working in the field of sports training for tennis and the disabled can know the importance of these exercises in developing the performance of players despite the fact that the category is accompanied by a physical disability. As for the research problem, the researcher noticed through his field experience that there is some weakness in using exercises that are more appropriate in developing physical abilities and basic skills, and this is only in the training intervention of methods and techniques, the effect of which is clear in raising the level of performance, whether physical or skillful. From here, the problem was evident in the effect of the training intervention that can be applied in the training units for wheelchair tennis players and the effect it achieves on some physical abilities and basic skills.

The research aims to: 1- Identify the personality patterns of gymnasts in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University 2- Identify the relationship between personality patterns and the level of skill performance of some ground movements of gymnasts in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University. As for the research hypotheses, they were: 1- There is a variation in personality patterns and the level of performance of gymnasts in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University 2- There is a statistically significant relationship between personality patterns and the level of skill performance of some ground movements of gymnasts in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships in extracting the results. The research community consisted of the students of the Faculty of Physical Education, first stage, for the academic year (2015-2016), numbering (81) male and female students representing (3) departments, which are (a.b.c) after excluding the female students, numbering 11 students, the injured, numbering (3), and the exploratory experiment sample, numbering (5) students. Thus, the sample number became (62). The researcher used the Freiburg test to measure personality patterns and the front and back roll tests in ground movements. The researcher conducted an exploratory experiment on a sample of gymnastics players other than the main research sample. She also used the statistical system (spss), through which the arithmetic means, standard deviations, reference arithmetic mean, and Pearson correlation coefficient were extracted. After presenting and analyzing the results of the personality patterns test and the level of skill performance of gymnastics players and discussing them. A correlation has been shown between personality types and the level of performance of gymnasts.

Competitive exercises are necessary during sports activities, whether individual, paired or multiple, especially those in which the learners are face to face and in a competitive performance, and therefore they are an important and necessary incentive to develop the level. The research aims to: 1- Identify the effect of the competitive method in learning some offensive and defensive skills in foil. 2- Identify the differences in the pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups in the research variables under study. The most important conclusions were: The competitive method has a positive effect on the level of learning some basic offensive and defensive skills in foil in the sport of fencing. The most important recommendations were: Using the competitive exercises that were applied according to the competitive method in this research to develop technical performance in learning defensive and offensive skills in the sport of fencing for foil. Keywords

The respiratory system is one of the most important vital systems in the body because it provides the oxygen needed to release energy, and its follow-up is a priority to reveal clear indications of its efficiency. Hence, the importance of research in preparing a rehabilitation curriculum to develop the respiratory efficiency (functions) of those with single lung resection. The problem of the research is in following up on patients, which is limited to medical examinations and not using physical therapy to rehabilitate the injured person by activating the healthy lung, which helps reduce the damage caused to the respiratory system and the efficiency of respiratory functions. The study aimed to prepare a rehabilitation curriculum to develop the respiratory efficiency (functions) of those with single lung resection, as well as to know the effect of the rehabilitation curriculum to develop the respiratory efficiency (functions) of those with single lung resection. The researchers used the experimental method. The data were also collected and tabulated in a table and discussed, supported by sources. The researchers also concluded that the application of the prepared rehabilitation curriculum led to an improvement in all respiratory functions under study.

The research aims to identify the effect of the V-shape strategy on learning basic skills in breaststroke swimming, preparing educational units with the V-shape strategy to learn basic skills in breaststroke swimming. The researchers hypothesized: - There are no statistically significant differences between the post-tests in the breaststroke swimming test with legs only for a distance of 20 m - There are no statistically significant differences between the post-tests in the breaststroke swimming test with arms only for a distance of 20 m - There are no statistically significant differences between the post-tests in the breaststroke swimming test for a distance of 25 m. The researchers used the experimental method with a post-test for the experimental and control groups. The research community was selected intentionally from the second-stage female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Baghdad, numbering (81) students for the academic year 2016-2017, divided into three sections. The research sample was selected randomly, numbering (54) students, divided into (27) students in each section. After excluding the exploratory experiment sample, the research sample was selected, numbering (40) students. Divided into (20) students for each section, i.e. (49.38%). The average age of the total sample was (20 years), and the researchers assumed that the sample was homogeneous because the students were beginners and their ages and levels were close and within the same academic stage and were females only. After statistically processing the data, the following conclusions were reached: -1- The educational units prepared using the (V) shape strategy had a positive effect on learning basic skills in breaststroke swimming. 2- The experimental group showed a noticeable development in all tests through the significance of the differences shown by the results of the post-test. 3- The (V) shape strategy transformed the students from receiving information to participating in it. The researchers recommend the necessity of using the V shape strategy in teaching various games and activities within the curriculum of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences to involve female students in lectures, as well as to distance them from the traditional context.

One of the challenges facing teachers today is to treat an increasing number of students who do not listen to what is said in the classroom, tend to lose interest, have difficulty listening, and are unable to settle in one during the lesson period. The aim of the research is:1- Construct and adopt a scale for the accumulation of knowledge in ADHD students in the fifth primary stage with non-listening.2- Know the effect of mental relaxation on lac; of listening for fifth primary school students. The research hypotheses are:1- There are statistically significant differences in lack of listening in the experimental group between the pre- and post-measurement and the post-measurement.2- There are statistically significant differences in non-listening between the experimental and standard groups in the post-measurement, and for the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental program in astyle of the standard and experimental groups. The samples of the study were primary school students with ADHD. One of the most important conclusions is the influential effect of mental relaxation on lack of listening and knowledge accumulation. Also, the most important recommendations is to use mental relaxation for the importance igs in the loss of lack of listening.

The requirements of modern training in handball must be complete for the team and the player in all physical, skill and tactical aspects, and the training volume is one of the basic pillars in training, in addition to the components of intensity and rest period in the tool and its repetitions during one exercise. The research aims to identify the relationship of strength to the strength and accuracy of shooting during the different effort of the research sample. Conclusions, the most important of which are: 1- The test of strength and accuracy of shooting during high effort is more realistic for the conditions of the match than the rest of the effort levels for strength and accuracy of shooting in handball.

The importance of the research came in designing and standardizing tests through which agility is measured. The problem of the research is that the agility tests available in the sources are few in view of the importance of agility and the antiquity of these tests on the one hand and on the other hand the lack of specialization of these tests for volleyball. The objectives of the research are: 1- Designing and standardizing tests to measure agility among young volleyball players. 2- Finding standard grades and levels for their agility tests. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research sample is (50) players from young volleyball clubs who were selected intentionally and the tests were applied to them. Thus, the researcher reached the conclusions, the most important of which are: 1- That the tests designed by the researcher can be used to measure the agility of young volleyball players. 2- That the standard grades and levels extracted by the researcher represent the true level of performance of the research sample. The most important recommendations are: 1- Using the designed tests to measure agility for young volleyball players. 2- Standardizing the tests designed on other samples of volleyball players.

The research aims to identify the effect of the proposed educational program in learning some basic skills (grips) in wrestling for those with a cognitive style (contemplative - impulsive) and to identify which of the two cognitive styles (contemplative - impulsive) is more appropriate in learning some basic skills (grips) in wrestling. The research community is represented by third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Basra for the academic year 2016 - 2017, numbering (144) students distributed over (6) sections, since wrestling is one of the curriculum subjects prescribed for this stage, and students in this stage are often those who do not have previous experience in wrestling in terms of learning the basic skills (grips) under study. The researcher chose (4) branches from them randomly, namely (A, B, C, D), which contained (99) students representing the research sample, with a percentage of (230.69) of the total community. Then the researcher distributed the cognitive style scale (contemplative-impulsive) to the sample. The scale specified branch (A) to be the contemplative group, branch (B) to be the impulsive group, branch (C) to be the contemplative group, and branch (D) to be the impulsive group, on the basis that these branches contain (16) or more contemplative or impulsive students. Then the researcher chose (12) students from each cognitive style, and by lottery, then chose branches (A, B) to represent the first and second experimental groups, and branches (C, D) to represent the control groups. The researcher prepared the main experiment, which contained (8) educational units, then implemented it on the research groups starting from Tuesday 11/22/2016 and ending on Thursday 12/1/2017 for (8) weeks at the rate of one educational unit per week. The research groups were taught as follows: The first experimental group with the contemplative field and the second experimental group with the impulsive field were taught according to the proposed educational program, as the same educational material was given to two groups and the difference between the two groups will be only in the main section in terms of the method used to modify the contemplative-impulsive cognitive rhythm, which is as follows: 1- Increasing the motivation to be patient and deliberate through incentives. 2- Through imitation, introducing a model that the students see, which is imitating deliberate or impulsive behavior. As for the preparatory section and the final section, they are similar. As for the first control group with the contemplative field and the second control group with the impulsive field, the curriculum was applied in the traditional way by the teacher, after conducting a survey experiment and giving two introductory units to each group, and after processing the results of the pre- and post-tests using appropriate statistical means, the researcher concluded the following: 1- The use of both the proposed educational curriculum and the traditional method according to the cognitive style (contemplative-impulsive) has shown an effect Positively in learning the basic skills (grips) under investigation in wrestling 2- The proposed method is better than the traditional method in learning the basic skills (grips) under investigation in wrestling 3- There are no statistically significant differences in the basic skills (grips) under investigation in wrestling between the two experimental groups in the post-tests 4- The reflective people who learned according to the traditional method are more capable of learning the basic skills (grips) under investigation in wrestling than the impulsive people.

The research contained five chapters. The first chapter explained the importance of the research and its problem, which focused on the fact that most coaches focus on skill performance and do not pay attention to functional variables, including functional efficiency, which directly affects skill performance. The study aimed to identify the level of functional efficiency and fast attack, and to identify the relationship between them in the research sample. As for the second chapter, it addressed some theoretical aspects, explaining them briefly. In the third chapter, the researchers used the descriptive approach, and the research sample was represented by the players of the handball training center in Basra, numbering (15) players. Some physiological tests were used to determine the level of functional efficiency in the research sample. After extracting the results using statistical methods, the researchers concluded: 1- The results showed a strong correlation between physical efficiency and fast attack in handball, and this is due to the development of the efficiency of the functional devices as a result of training, which was reflected in the level of fast attack performance. 2- Functional efficiency is an important and necessary physiological indicator to know the level of skill development among players of the handball training center in Basra. The researchers recommended: 1- The necessity of training programs paying attention to developing physical efficiency. 2- Finding more studies on other physiological variables. 3- Developing a quick attack is necessary for a handball player because it contributes greatly to achieving victory. Keywords

The research problem lies in finding modern tests with scientific specifications to measure the lunge movement, which is the most important skill in fencing, as it is one of the basic and offensive movements in fencing, in order to achieve victory and decide matches. Experts and coaches have taken great interest in the player\'s performance in this movement, measuring and testing it, and the neglect of those working in the field of training of how to measure the visual motor ability of the lunge movement and provide accurate information based on scientific foundations in evaluating the players\' skill and physical level. Therefore, the researchers had to delve into this field by designing a test to measure the visual motor ability of the lunge movement with foil using a manufactured device and then setting standard scores for this test for third-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research. The test was applied to 77 female students. After conducting the scientific transactions for the test and applying it, it was possible to find standard scores for the tested female students. It was found that the manufactured device efficiently measures the visual motor ability of the lunge movement in fencing.

Fencing is one of the important sports that contribute to improving the physical and skill level. It is a sport of attack and defense between two competitors, each of whom tries to score touches on the other. In addition, it is a highly technical performance and precise technique that requires distinct motor capabilities. Therefore, the importance of the research lies in designing an auxiliary electro-mechanical device to measure the level of performance of some offensive skills for young fencing players. The aim of the research was: 1- Design a device that helps test players to evaluate the level of performance of some offensive skills for young fencing players in the southern region. 2- Design a form to measure the level of performance of some offensive skills for young fencing players in the southern region. 3- Find standard scores through the extracted test results and create levels for them. Chapter Three: Research Methodology and Field Procedures It included a definition of the method used as well as a description of the research sample, research tools and devices, measurements used in it, in addition to the main experiment and statistical operations. Conclusions: In the tests of the direct straight stab and the stab with a change of direction, the results of the majority of the research sample were below the level (very good) and between the levels (acceptable - good). In light of the results, the researcher recommends the following: 1. Adopting the manufactured device to help the examinees in the skill tests in the fencing game.

The importance of the research is evident in finding a means that contributes to determining the true level of the speed of motor response to perform the skill of individual blocking wall. The objectives of the research were: 1 - Design and standardize a device to measure the variables of response speed and motor speed for the skill of individual blocking wall among players of the Premier League clubs of the Central and Southern Region for the 2011-2012 sports season. 2 - Determine the degrees and standard levels for the variables of accuracy of response speed and motor speed for the skill of individual blocking wall among players of the Premier League clubs of the Central and Southern Region for the 2011-2012 sports season. The most important conclusions: 1 - A device was manufactured to measure the speed of motor response for individual blocking wall skills. 2 - A device was designed and standardized to measure the speed of motor response for individual blocking wall skills for players of the Premier League volleyball for the 2011-2012 season. The most important recommendations: 1 - Benefit from the device designed by researchers and specialists in evaluating their players in measuring the speed of response and the speed of movement for the skill of individual blocking. 2 - Standardize this device on other samples of youth And the juniors and girls' age groups and finding standards for them.