Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The most important objectives of the research were to prepare a proposed educational curriculum using a manufactured educational method to teach the effectiveness of high jumping to female students. As for the research hypotheses, there are differences between the pre- and post-tests for the control and experimental groups. We used the experimental approach and designed two equal groups to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. The educational program was applied to a sample of (30) female students from the first stage in the College of Physical Education at the University of Basra, with (15) female students for each group. The educational units included exercises on devices, tools, and methods. The application of the educational units continued for a period of (8) weeks, at the rate of an educational unit for each week. The researchers used the principle of gradualism in teaching a skill, and we concluded that there is a positive effect of using the manufactured educational method in providing means of safety, appreciating the educational atmosphere, and forming motivation for students. We also recommended emphasizing the design of and the use of auxiliary educational devices for their role in providing means of safety and improving the level of performance.

The study aimed to find out the effect of the self-scheduling strategy (K-W-L) on improving tactical knowledge and developing skill abilities among the students of the research sample. The researchers used the experimental method in the style of two equal experimental and control groups. The research community included third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Basra, and the study was conducted on them. The pre-tests were tactical knowledge and skill abilities under study. Then the students of the control group participated under the teacher’s curriculum used annually, while the students of the experimental group were under the self-scheduling strategy curriculum for a period of 8 weeks, after which post-tests were conducted on the abilities and skills under study. The most important thing that the researchers concluded was the use of the self-scheduling strategy (K-W-L). It achieved positive results in developing the tactical knowledge and skill abilities under study among the students of the experimental group

The aim of the research is to identify the extent of the effect of this deviation on the physical variable and whether leg deviations have an effect on the variable of vertical work and some types of muscular strength of the legs among some athletes who practice some sports. The researchers chose the research sample in a deliberate manner, namely the young athletes for some sports. Individual and team sports for the sports season (2022-2023), numbering (16) players, were as follows [(football (4), basketball (3), handball (1), wrestling (3), weightlifting (3), construction) Objects (2)] In order to ensure the homogeneity of the sample in terms of variables that may affect the conduct of the experiment in front of the researchers, the researchers used a set of tests (the test for measuring the deviation of the legs, the vertical jump test, the long forward jump test, the Nelson motor response test, the amount of work vertical) on the research sample, and the researchers used the Spss Ver 19 statistical package to obtain results for the data. The researchers concluded that there were no significant relationship differences between leg deflection and the amount of vertical work, which is due to the speed variable. The researchers recommended ensuring medical examinations, especially leg deflections. Because it has a significant impact on the power variable, which has an impact on other variables

The research aims to reveal the effect of the training curriculum using the double pyramid method (opposite and opposite) on a number of physical variables for advanced handball players and to reveal the significance of statistical differences in a number of physical variables for the two experimental groups of the double pyramid (opposite and opposite) for advanced handball players. The research population was determined intentionally from handball players from the Soran Sports Club in Erbil Governorate. The research sample was chosen from this population and consisted of (16). This sample was divided into two experimental groups with (8) players for each group. The first group applied the curriculum using plyometric exercises in the hierarchical manner. The double (opposite) method, while the second group applied the curriculum using plyometric exercises in the double (opposite) pyramid method. The curriculum consisted of (36) training units for the two experimental groups over a period of (12) weeks, with (3) training units per week, and the duration of each training unit. It ranges between (32-47) minutes and for the year 2022. The researchers concluded: - The emergence of a significant development in all the physical variables under study as a result of the nonmetric exercises using the inverse pyramid method in a positive manner, and this was shown by the results of the post-tests of the research sample. (Or for the first experimental group) The researchers concluded: - Choosing the training methods and loads appropriate for the training age stage and the preparation stages for the players to achieve the required development.

The research aims to identify the relationship between some of the physical and motor abilities related to performing the grab (the firefighter’s raise). The researcher assumes that there is a correlation between some of the physical and motor abilities related to performing the investigated grab among the emerging freestyle wrestling players, ages (16-17 years), male. The researcher used The descriptive approach is based on the correlational method because it suits the nature of the problem and the objectives of the research. He identified his research community as the wrestlers of the Maysan Sports Club in Maysan Governorate, and (20) players were chosen as a sample to carry out the research tests. The researcher conducted physical ability tests, which are (stretching and extending the torso from prone to measure flexibility, jumping The broad stroke of stability to measure the explosive power of the legs, the medicine ball push test (3 kg) to measure the explosive power of the arms and shoulder, the quadruple jump (10 seconds) to measure agility, successive jumps to measure the speed-specific strength of the legs), as well as the technical performance test for the grab (the firefighter’s lift), and I conclude: The research sample possesses some motor and physical abilities that qualify them to perform the grab (the firefighter’s lift), and the researcher recommended: focusing those working in the sports field on identifying the appropriate abilities for each event for the purpose of developing them and working to improve them to raise the level of performance.

The study aimed to identify the analysis and evaluation of shooting types used according to distances by the final four teams and then to identify the relationship between the shooting types (near-medium-far) and the teams position in the league table. Descriptive approach was used because of its suitability with the nature of the issue. The sample of the study were the four teams which reached the semi-final stage in Kurdistan premier league championship season (2022-2023), the four teams were (Newroz, Zakho, Sherwana and Peshmarga-Erbil). The matches were played (home and away) system and thus the proportion of the sample was (100%).The researcher used the percentage and the Pearson correlation as the statistical means. Important conclusions were reached by the researcher: the medium shooting is the most commonly used by the players and then followed by near and far-shooting. The most important conclusions reached by the researcher that the average scoring is the most commonly used by the player and then followed by the plug, and then run. The correlation was not significant between all shooting types and match results for the four teams.

The study aimed to build a composite test (ball control and scoring accuracy) and prepare a scale and find out the relationship between the composite test (ball control and scoring accuracy) and the scale. Therefore, the researcher resorted to building objective tests that accurately measure whether this test is physical or skillful for sports activity, especially football.
Futsal football, in addition to the fact that the athlete has a sense of self-sport because it is one of the characteristics of the personality, which greatly enhances his self-confidence among the players of futsal clubs. The researcher used the descriptive approach because it fits the research problem. The research community Futsal players, whose number is (126), and the research sample was selected using the intentional method. After that, the combined test (control of the ball and scoring accuracy) and a measure of self-sense were applied to them. After collecting the data, the researcher processed the data using the spss statistical program. The researcher concluded that these tests can be adopted by coaches as means of evaluation in the preparation of training programs for players, and the researcher also recommended the use of these tests as a measure of self-sense in evaluating the levels of players by coaches and workers in the field of sports training for futsal.

The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze information about the performance percentages of the organized and blitzkrieg attacking players in the Iraqi Handball League 2022. Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions were drawn. First: There is a level of development among the research sample in their performance of the lightning attack, as the Al-Hashd Al-Shaabi team achieved a high rate of 35.56% during the league, and it was the highest percentage among the participating teams, followed by the Diyala team, as it achieved a rate of 32.65%, and it was also a high percentage compared to the competing teams, followed by the Basra Municipality team, as He achieved a good rate of 32.56% among the teams. Second: The teams that achieved the lowest percentage among the competing teams in applying the performance of the lightning attack was the Karbala team, as it achieved a rate of 15.56%, then it was followed by the Al-Taawon team, at a rate of 19.15%, then followed by the Sulaymaniyah team, as it was 20.93%. Third: The teams that achieved a high percentage in the performance of The organized attack was the Popular Mobilization Team with a rate of 35.56%, followed by the Basra Municipality team with a rate of 34.88%, then the Diyala team with a rate of 32.26%. Fourth: The team that achieved the lowest rate in the organized attack was the Karbala team, which achieved a rate of 15.56%, followed by the Sulaymaniyah team, which achieved a rate of 18.60%, then the Arab Gulf team, with a rate of 17.82%. Therefore, to conduct an in-depth analysis of the game’s strategy, it is considered necessary to understand the characteristics of the individual player’s performance. The collection of information will be followed by follow-up research in the future.

The research aimed to: - Prepare two scales, one of which measures the self-efficacy of physical education teachers in Babylon Governorate to manage sports classes, and the other measures the organized behavioral patterns of middle school students in Babylon Governorate, and both scales are measured from the point of view of middle school students in Babylon Governorate. - Identifying The level of self-efficacy of physical education teachers in managing their classes from the point of view of middle school students in Babylon Governorate.
The method used in the research is the descriptive method with both survey and correlational methods. The research population is defined by middle school students in Babylon Governorate. The researcher chose that the population in this research be composed of middle school students in Babylon Governorate for the academic year (2022-2023), while the main research sample consisted of ( 381 middle school students in Babil Governorate who were randomly selected from the research community. To obtain data, the researcher prepared two scales, the first to measure self-efficacy in classroom management, which consists of (14) items, and the second to measure organized behavioral patterns, which consists of (13). paragraph, and the researcher concluded: Physical education teachers in middle schools in Babil Governorate have a low level of self-efficacy in managing sports class from the point of view of their students. - Preparatory school students in Babylon Governorate have a low level of organized behavioral patterns from their personal point of view. The researcher recommended: - Educational bodies affiliated with the Ministry of Education should provide training programs for physical education teachers.

The aim of this research is to design a program that includes introductory games for the game of handball and to identify the impact of this program in developing some of the main skills of the game of handball and social adjustment among fifth-grade primary school students. For this purpose, the experimental method was used to suit this study, as the research sample was chosen intentionally from students. The fifth grade of primary school, aged (10-12) years, at Al-Adnaniyah School for Boys in the Nineveh Governorate Center for the academic year (2022-2022), as its number reached (110) students, which were distributed into two groups by lottery, and each group after exclusion included (28) students, One of them was an experimental group, which complied with (the introductory games program), and the other was a control group, which worked in the usual manner, as the number of members of the sample after exclusion reached (56) students. As for the experimental design, it is the design of the experimental group, which includes an experimental group, another control group, and a post-test on the dependent variables (performance). skills, and social adjustment). Equality was conducted between the two research groups in a number of physical tests, which confirmed that there were no significant differences between the students of the two groups. The introductory games program contains six educational lessons, with a time of (40) minutes for each lesson and an average of two lessons per week. Two tools were applied. The research (post-skill tests and the social adjustment scale), and the appropriate statistical package (SPSS) was used for statistical analysis, and the results showed that the students of the experimental group who were taught according to the introductory games program outperformed the students of the control group who were taught according to the method used in handball skills and the social adjustment،measure

The research aimed to: - Determine the level of organizational stability possessed by physical education lessons in middle schools affiliated with the first Baghdad Al-Karkh Education Directorate from the students’ point of view. - Determining the level of relational coordination among middle school students affiliated with the First Karkh Baghdad Education Directorate during the physical education lesson.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the research based on survey methods and correlational relationships.
He defined the research community as the students of the preparatory schools affiliated with the First Karkh Baghdad Education Directorate, who numbered (9,300) students. From this community, the researcher chose the main research sample, and the number of its members reached (369) students. The goal is to collect data on the relational coordination between students and the organizational stability of the physical education lesson, by preparing two measures for this purpose, which were applied after meeting the necessary scientific standards. The researcher concluded: Physical education lessons in the middle schools affiliated with the First Karkh Baghdad Education Directorate have a high level of stability. Organizational from the point of view of its students - Students of middle schools affiliated with the Baghdad Al-Karkh First Education Directorate have a high level of relational coordination among themselves.

The research aims to identify the development of combinatorial abilities using special exercises and their effect in improving the level of performance of the broad and open jumping skills on the jumping table apparatus in artistic gymnastics for men, The researchers used the experimental method and designed a single experimental group with two pre- and post-tests, The research sample was the players of the Anbar education national team in artistic gymnastics, For the men, who numbered (8) players between the ages of (10-12) years, and after completing the tests, obtaining the results, transcribing them, and processing them statistically, it was found that the use of special exercises has a significant impact on developing harmonic abilities and improving the level of skill performance. In light of this, the researchers recommend paying attention. Developing coordination abilities and motor skills on the artistic gymnastics jumping table for men

The study aimed to identify the extent of the impact of the Skman strategy in learning some complex offensive skills in football among fourth-grade students of middle school. Al-Tusi for the academic year 2021-2022 AD, and the total sample number was (24) students using the two groups (control and experimental), and the researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the study. By presenting and discussing the results, the researcher reached a set of conclusions and recommendations that pertain to the study and serve the educational process

The research aims to identify the effect of the mental training method accompanied by standard feedback in learning the technical performance of the front-roll diving movement in gymnastics, and the advantage of the effect compared to the traditional method of verbal and visual correction using the educational notebook. The research used the experimental method on a sample of second-year students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Anbar for the academic year 2022-2023. I used a form to evaluate the performance of the forward roll diving movement to obtain the pre- and post-measurements. The main experiment procedures were implemented in two educational units whose contents were similar for each group. The difference was as follows: The control group used verbal and sometimes visual feedback using the educational booklet that explains the sequence. Performing the movement of the body parts at every attempt to perform and repeat it, while the experimental group used mental training procedures accompanied by standard feedback. After completing the experimental procedures, conclusions emerged, the most important of which was that the mental training method accompanied by standard feedback is effective in learning the technical performance of the front-dive roll movement. Frontal gymnastics compared to the traditional method

The research aimed to identify the role of electronic governance in enhancing organizational culture in a number of colleges and institutes of physical education in Erbil Governorate from the point of view of teaching staff. The descriptive approach and the survey method were used for its suitability and the nature of the current research. The research community included (140) teaching staff representing colleges and institutes of physical education in Erbil Governorate, while the sample number was (90) teaching staff. A questionnaire was constructed from two axes, the first for electronic governance and the second for organizational culture. According to scientific procedures. The data was processed statistically using the SPSS system, and the researchers concluded: Most of the items of the dimensions of the first axis (electronic accountability, electronic transparency, electronic participation) obtained a (high) level, and also most of the items of the dimensions of the second axis of the organizational culture questionnaire (organizational values, organizational beliefs, norms organizational) at a (high) level, an indicator of the importance of the role of using information technology in colleges and institutes of physical education and sports sciences in activating transparency, accountability, and participation, as tools for applying modern administrative practices and their positive relationship with enhancing the organizational culture of the educational institution.

The study aimed to build a measure of the field intelligence of scout leaders. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey style in order to suit the objectives of the research and the nature of the problem. The final research population was conducted using the intentional method, which were the scout leaders, numbering (140) male and female leaders. As a result of this, the sample was divided into two parts as follows:
First: The sample for constructing the scale: It included a number of scout leaders, numbering (75) leaders, with their percentage reaching (53.57%) of the research community.
Second: Application sample: It included (60) leaders, representing (42.85%) of the research community.The researchers concluded that the construction and application of a scale of field intelligence among scout leaders was reached. A scout leader who has high field intelligence is reflected in his performance. They recommended adopting the current scale designed by the researchers to reveal the level of field intelligence among scout leaders

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of a sports application technology for smart phones in learning some basic football skills for first-year intermediate students for the academic year 2022/2023. The researcher used the one-group experimental approach on a sample of (24) students, and after conducting pre-tests, the application was used. The electronic skill exercises (control and control of the ball - dribbling - scoring) were administered to the research group within educational units that numbered (16) and two units per week, with a time of (40) minutes for one educational unit, after which post-tests were conducted for them. The researcher concluded that the technology Sports applications (smart phones) played a major role in developing the variables of his research. Accordingly, the researcher recommended that it is possible to adopt sports applications for smart phones with skill exercises that are consistent with the curriculum outcomes, including football, as it has a significant impact on the psychological and skill aspects of students

The research aimed to: - Determine the level of motivational beliefs among middle school students affiliated with the Kirkuk Education Directorate from their personal point of view. - Determine the level of positive emotions for middle school students affiliated with the Kirkuk Education Directorate from their personal point of view. - Determine the expected roles of students’ motivational beliefs in improving their positive feelings During the physical education lesson, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach using both survey and correlational methods. The researcher identified middle school students affiliated with the Kirkuk Education Directorate within (31) middle schools. The researcher chose the main research sample from the research community, with a number of (375) students, and divided them into three sub-samples. (Reconnaissance, preparation, and final application). To collect data, the researcher prepared two measurement tools. The first measures students’ motivational beliefs and has (12) items, while the second measures positive feelings during the sports lesson and has (13) items, and both will be answered. According to five-point answer alternatives, which are (it applies a lot, it applies, it applies somewhat, it does not apply, it does not apply very much), and after extracting the results and through the use of statistical methods, the researcher concluded: - Students in middle schools affiliated with the Kirkuk Education Directorate have a high level of motivational beliefs regarding... Their point of view - Middle school students affiliated with the Kirkuk Education Directorate enjoy a high level of positive emotions during the physical education lesson from their point of view

This study aimed to identify the obstacles that faced teaching swimming courses at Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science at Hashemite University during Corona pandemic from the perspective of the students themselves The researchers used the descriptive approach for its suitability to the nature of the study and its objectives, where the questionnaire was used as a tool to obtain the study data after the researchers conducted validity and reliability transactions to ensure their safety and suitability for the current study،The results of the study indicated that the most important obstacles that faced teaching swimming courses at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Hashemite University during the Corona pandemic were arranged as following: Obstacles related to the electronic field, obstacles related to the academic field, obstacles related to the psychological field, Obstacles related to the economic field, and finally obstacles related to the social field؛The researchers recommend generalizing the results of this study to benefit from them in knowing the nature of the obstacles that students of practical courses faced, especially swimming during Corona pandemic