Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The study aims to develop methods of teaching physical education and improve students’ learning experience in the field of physical education, and is interested in contributing to the design of innovative and integrated educational curricula for physical education. In determining educational objectives, organizing content, and determining appropriate methods and means, providing an interactive and innovative educational environment for students. Track and measure students' performance and provide immediate feedback to improve their performance. Study Methodology: The researchers used the experimental method because it was appropriate to the nature of this research, by following the experimental design for one experimental group using pre- and post-measurements. The study population and sample. The researchers chose the research sample intentionally from third-year students for the academic year (2022/2023 AD). They numbered (200) students, and the researchers concluded - that curriculum engineering witnessed an improvement of 88.35% - that artificial intelligence strategies witnessed an improvement of 67.5% - that digital methodology witnessed an improvement of 70.28%, and the researchers recommend: Always strive to use these standards in building the methodology Digital games in various physical education and sports sciences subjects.

The study aimed to find out the effect of the strategy on learning the offensive skills combined in indoor football, which were (putting, rolling, handling, scoring) for students of the College of Physical Education at the University of Basra. The researchers assumed that the strategy has a positive effect on learning the skills of the third stage for the academic year (2022-2023). The researchers used the experimental approach with control and experimental groups (pre- and post-measurements), and the number of the two groups was (20) students, with (10) students for each group. The researcher analyzed the results and concluded that there is an effect of the blended learning strategy in learning some offensive skill

The aim of the research is to: - Identify the assessment of the level of some psychological traits among women practicing sports activities and identify the differences in the responses of sample members regarding evaluating the level of some psychological traits among women practicing sports activities according to the research variables (region - age), where the two researchers used the descriptive approach in its survey style. This is due to its suitability to the nature of this research. The research sample was (88) women randomly. The researchers concluded: There are no statistically significant differences in the responses of the sample members regarding assessing the level of some traits. The researchers recommended: spreading sports practice and health awareness, especially among all types of women, so that women are not affected by negativity and depression.

The study aimed to: evaluate the effectiveness of different teaching methods in improving skill performance in teaching football, compare the effectiveness of the traditional teaching method and the modern teaching method in improving the skill performance of football players. The study population consists of all football players in the first stage. The study sample was selected. In a random manner, 30 students who practiced football in the College of Physical Education reached the first stage. The experimental method was used and the sample was divided into two equal groups. The first group was taught in the traditional teaching method, while the second group was taught in the modern teaching method. The group who trained using the modern teaching method showed greater improvement in the performance of the skill of receiving and controlling the ball compared to the players who trained using the traditional teaching method. Based on the results of the study, the recommendations are to use modern teaching methods, such as: the method of teaching by objectives, the method of teaching by discovery, and the strategy of teaching by playing, in teaching football.

Knowing the abilities of female students is no less important than how to develop these abilities. One of the methods used to discover these abilities and know their levels is testing and measurement. Testing gives objective results whose accuracy and validity are reliable if used based on scientific foundations. The importance of field tests increases because they do not require accurate or expensive devices, and they are characterized by the speed of obtaining results, in addition to the fact that they are considered field tests. When referring to the sources and references for tests and measurement, we find that they lack special tests for the age stage of female preparatory students, and from this standpoint, there are Researchers have a question about what physical tests are appropriate for this age stage? How can these tests be determined? Accordingly, the researcher found that this problem is worthy of study. The researchers used the descriptive approach and factor analysis, and cluster sampling was used to select the sample. The sample was then tested with physical tests, and then a factor analysis was conducted on the tests and the results were reached

The study aimed to prepare special exercises (physical - skill) according to the energy systems of the three areas of physical effort (the phosphorous, lactic, and oxygenic system) and to identify the differences between the pre- and post-tests for the control and experimental groups in some physical and functional variables among the gymnasts. The researchers used the experimental method. Using the design of two groups (control and experimental), and accordingly, the researchers chose the research sample in a deliberate manner, namely the players of the Specialized Gymnastics Center, who numbered (16 players). The researchers concluded that the exercises used according to the areas of physical effort from the training schedule prepared by (Matthews and Fox) have an effective effect in improving the results. Physical tests (legs and arms) and functional tests for the experimental group showed that the time and volume of exercises according to the energy systems were effective in causing changes from the functional and physical side, with the exception of the variable (pulse after 1 minute of rest, and running 20 m). The most important recommendations were to rely in building training curricula on the principle of specificity (Training on according to the areas of physical effort and the process of supplying the muscles with the necessary energy).

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the mastery learning method on developing and improving the level of skill performance among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in volleyball. The methodology of the current study required the nature of the current research to apply the experimental method, and the researchers used the method of pre- and post-tests for the dependent variables among the students of the research group. Research tools: The researchers prepared educational materials, testing tools, and study units according to the mastery learning method by applying the Bloom model and “basic skills tests in volleyball. SPSS system was used in data statistical analysis. The researchers concluded the effectiveness of applying the mastery learning method by applying Bloom’s model in learning the basic skills in volleyball and the necessity of using the problem-solving method in learning basic volleyball skills in the educational curriculum for colleges of physical education and sports sciences.

The study aimed to prepare an educational curriculum using the self-organized method in learning some basic skills for students in tennis, and to identify the effect of the educational curriculum using the self-organized method in learning some basic skills for students in tennis. The researcher used the experimental method in the style of two equal groups to suit the nature of the research, and to determine the research community. With (70) students in the third stage at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon for the academic year 2022-2023 AD, the researcher concluded: Using the self-organized method achieved better learning than the usual curriculum in learning tennis skills (forehand, backhand, and serve), and recommended: Using the proposed educational curriculum to teach some basic skills: learning tennis skills (forehand, backhand, and serve).

The study aimed to: - Construct a measure of basic education from the point of view of its vocational educational Workshop (primary - secondary) in Dhi Qar.
And identifying the reality of basic education in primary and middle schools affiliated with the Dhi Qar Governorate Education Directorate by extracting the levels of the scale axes and the scale as a whole.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method as it is the most appropriate to achieve the research objectives, as the sample consisted of educational staff of basic education schools in Dhi Qar Governorate. The researcher concluded: The emergence of multiple levels of the reality of basic education from the point of view of its educational staff in Dhi Qar Governorate. The researcher recommended: spreading the spirit of Competition between educational circles in the governorate through holding quarterly student product exhibitions.

The research aimed to: identify the degree of psychological stability among second-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls / University of Baghdad and prepare educational units according to the strategy of active discussion in basketball for female students. The researchers assumed that there are no statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in stability. Psychological study and the development of some complex offensive skills in basketball for female students. For the benefit of the post-test, the researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature and problem of the research on a sample of second-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls/University of Baghdad for the academic year 2023-2024, who numbered (45) students and concluded. The researchers: The impact of the units prepared by the researchers using the active discussion strategy on the experimental group, as it outperformed the control group. The researchers recommend the following: relying on the educational units prepared according to the active discussion strategy in developing some complex offensive skills in basketball in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences. For its effective role in learning skills

The research aimed to determine the nature and type of relationship between the adaptive leadership of football coaches in the clubs of Nineveh Governorate and the luxury of relations within these clubs, after measuring their level from the players' point of view, the researcher used the descriptive approach in the methods of survey and correlation relations, the researcher has identified the research community with the players of Nineveh Governorate football clubs and participation in the Premier League and the First Division League organized by the Iraqi Central Football Federation, which numbered (12) clubs, while the number of individuals The community (300) players, and the main research sample included all members of the research community, and it was divided into three categories: the survey sample and the number (5) players, the statistical analysis sample and the number (177) players, and the final application sample and the number (118) players, and to collect the data, the researcher prepared two measurement tools, the first is a tool to measure adaptive leadership among football coaches and the number of its paragraphs (12), and the second is a tool to measure the well-being of relations within football clubs and the number of paragraphs (12) paragraphs, and after processing the data statistically, the researcher reached A set of conclusions, including:
- The relationship between the adaptive leadership of the coaches of Nineveh football clubs and the well-being of relations within these clubs is positive and moral.

The effect of the recreational program and the followed program on some indicators of body mass and fat specified in the research.
The researchers relied on the experimental method according to the experimental design, which is known as the design of two equal groups with a pre-test and a post-test. The research sample was selected from people with Down syndrome aged (9-14) years, with (20) children and males only, and they were randomly distributed into two groups, control and experimental, with (10) children for each group. The research tools were determined by some indicators of body mass and fat. The researchers conducted equivalence and homogeneity for the study variables. After completing the implementation of the recreational program, post-tests were conducted and the data were processed using appropriate statistical methods. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The effectiveness of the recreational program accompanied by music in having a positive effect on reducing the percentage of fat and waist circumference and increasing the percentage (BMI)، The recreational program accompanied by music contributed significantly to the size of the effect on the variables (fat, BMI, waist circumference) compared to the program followed،The study recommended the need to emphasize the application of recreational programs accompanied by music for its effective role in reducing the percentage of fat and waist circumference and increasing the body mass،index.

The research aims to identify the kinetic synergy and the speed of the nerves of the right and left hemispheres of the brain among some gymnastics players in the provinces of Iraq, and the relationship between the kinetic synergy and the speed of the nerves of the right and left brain and standing on the hands on the balance beam. The descriptive approach was used in the style of studying the relationship, representing the research community. I recruited gymnasts from the participating provincial teams to select the Iraqi national team for applicants, and the most important conclusions are that the sample of gymnasts had a moderate degree in the speed of the right and left-brain nerves, and the gymnasts possessed a good degree of kinetic synergy, and kinetic synergy and the speed of the right and left-brain nerves had a major role in performance. Handstand on balance beam.

The research aims to identify the effect of exercises using weights on developing the explosive ability of the legs and arms and improving the level of skill performance on the artistic gymnastics jumping table for men. The researchers used the experimental approach in a single-group design, and the research sample represented the Anbar Education National Team players for the year (2023-2024). They numbered (10) players, aged between (13-15) years. Carrying out special exercises for (8) weeks, with (24) training units, and for three days a week (Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday), and the researchers used statistical methods. appropriate to process the results, Therefore, the researchers concluded that exercises using weights had a positive role in developing the special explosive ability of the legs and arms, as well as improving the level of skill performance. Accordingly, the researchers recommend the necessity of using exercises specially using weights in developing special physical abilities (the explosive ability of the legs and arms) and improving the level of Skill performance

The research aimed to: classify the research sample according to the mental characteristics of double coding (pictorial, verbal, double), and prepare educational units in a self-regulated learning style for female students in the fifth year of middle school. The experimental method was adopted by designing three equal experimental groups with pre- and post-tests according to their coding (pictorial). (verbal, double), on a sample of (32) female students for the academic year (2021-2022) at Al-Mutamayyat Secondary School, Al-Rusafa/2, and after the end of the experiment with post-tests, the results were processed with the (SPSS) system, and the researchers concluded that the self-regulated learning method helps with freedom of self-regulation in Improving reflective thinking for female learners of skill performance in volleyball. The researchers recommended that it is necessary to pay attention to individualizing education in scientific lessons in volleyball and integrating cognitive and behavioral learning in order to better achieve the goals of skill learning

The research aimed to: identify the relationship between perceived self-efficacy and some basic volleyball skills for the players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences team at the University of Basra, and to identify the perceived self-efficacy for the players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences team at the University of Basra.
The research community included 75 female students in the third stage of the academic year 2022/2023, and the sample was based on (60) female students, representing a percentage of (80%) for the sake of construct validity (statistical analysis of the items and 10 female students out of 60 for the purposes of the exploratory experiment and scientific foundations). The researcher concluded: The perceived self-efficacy of the female volleyball players in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is good, and the perceived self-efficacy of the female players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences team at the University of Basra is linked to a significant correlation with their ability to perform the serving skill. It recommended emphasizing the development of the perceived self-efficacy of the female players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences team at the University of Basra. Volleyball sports because it has a significant impact on the psychological state and performance level of female players

The research aims to design a recreational sports program for housewife women aged 35-45 who participate in the Fitness Land gym - Amman, Jordan. The Method: The researcher used the experimental method using one experimental group with a pre-post measurement system to suit the nature of the research, The Research sample: The research sample was chosen randomly from the research community، which numbered (55) women، representing (79%) of the community. Table (1) shows the numbers and percentages of the experimental and exploratory study sample of women aged (35-45) years., The Conclusions: In light of the scope of the research and its purpose، and based on the procedures and statistical treatments and interpretation of the results، and in light of the scope of the research community، and within the limits of the research sample، and after presenting and discussing the results، the researcher reached the following conclusions:-The recreational program had a positive impact on developing some elements of physical fitness (arm muscle strength - abdominal muscle strength - ability - speed - flexibility)، acquiring many skills through performing aerobic gymnastics، and improving health status through some physiological variables (Carlson test). For the condition of the heart and circulatory system).

This research aims to achieve the detection of the psychological, social and environmental effects of applications of sports psychology on sustainable development in physical education, and to provide practical recommendations for applying applications of sports psychology in achieving sustainable development in physical education, as this study relies on the descriptive approach, which aims to describe the desired phenomenon. Studying it, the researcher concluded that there is a correlation between applications of sports psychology and sustainable development in physical education. Increasing the use of applications of sports psychology in physical education leads to an increase in achieving sustainable development in physical education, and she recommended that applications of sports psychology should be integrated into physical education programs. Teachers must be trained to use sports psychology applications in teaching.

The research aimed to prepare exercises using rubber ropes according to the direction of movement of the female students and to identify the relationship between the characteristic of strength endurance and the completion of the push-up among the female students. The researchers used the experimental method in order to suit the nature of the research and its problem. The research sample was determined in an intentional manner. The number of girls of the second stage ( 7) Student, in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Department of Basic Sports - Garmian University for the academic year (2022-2023), since the weightlifting curriculum is taught at this stage. The researchers concluded: Rubber rope training had a positive effect in improving the level of Characteristics of strength endurance and achievement among the research sample. The researchers recommended: the necessity of relying on rubber rope exercises according to the path of movement in developing aspects of muscular strength over other effectiveness.

The aim of the research was to: prepare special educational exercises supported by an electronic means to help in learning the skill of shooting and jumping with a basketball. The researchers used the experimental method in the manner of two equal groups. The sample was intentional and was divided in a random manner after homogenization. The researchers concluded: that the educational exercises supported by the electronic means contributed effectively. In the speed of learning and mastering the skill of shooting by jumping from the free throw line for members of the experimental group, the researchers recommended: The exercises designed to teach and develop the skill under research must be special, appropriate, and based on modern scientific foundations.

The research aimed to identify the effect of movement and skill exercises on the flexibility and agility of young players. The experimental method was used. The research community was determined from Al-Zawraa Youth Sports Club players for the age range of (17-19) years for the season (022-2023), numbering 30 players. The sample was conducted intentionally and then divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group. It was concluded that the use of the training program contributed significantly to the development of the motor abilities of the experimental group. He chose the weekly training undulation method (1-2) for his training curriculum, as the researchers recommend working on developing motor abilities in order to link physical performance. And skills, increasing their effectiveness, paying attention to motor abilities, and giving exercises in the same conditions as the upcoming competitions.

The research aimed to prepare a measure specific to the obstacles to participation in the scouting march. It was applied to a sample of the research represented by leaders of remote schools for girls in the countryside of Muthanna Governorate, numbering (18) teachers. Then the researchers analyzed the items statistically, to complete the final form of the measure, according to which the data were tabulated. By estimated scale.
The researchers concluded that personal obstacles are the most prominent obstacles that prevent the final participation of school leaders in the scouting process, and they lie in concern about the consequences associated with the occurrence of injuries or death to girl guides and the resulting tribal rulings

The aim of the research is to: The effect of exercises specifically with a buoyancy board to develop 50-meter freestyle swimming.
And to learn about the effect of the buoyancy board to develop the skillful performance of arm movement and the completion of 50 m freestyle swimming for juniors, the researchers chose (12) junior swimmers in a random manner, and they were divided into two groups, the first experimental (6) swimmers as an experimental group, and the second (6) swimmers as a control group. The researchers concluded that training using a floating board is an appropriate training method for increasing water resistance that develops muscular ability and thus increases the length of the arm stroke in 50-meter freestyle swimming events. The researchers recommended that great importance should be given to training the arms when developing training programs because of their direct impact. In raising the level of achievement in the 50m freestyle swimming

The research aimed to prepare moving balance exercises for the legs for advanced fencers, and to identify the effect of moving balance exercises for the legs and their effect on some electrical indicators of the rectus femoris muscle in the forward and backward movements of advanced fencers. The experimental research method was adopted by designing the experimental group, and the boundaries of the research community were represented by the elite epee fencers above... Age (20) years old in the Al-Itisalat Sports Club, the total number of which is (9) fencers, continuing their training for the sports season (2023/2024). The researcher adopted an (EMG) device with a Bluetooth transmitter, using two pickups from it for each right and left thigh muscle, as after Synchronization between a camera camera to read both the peak and area of the (EMG) signal for both the right and left rectus femoris muscles in the forward and backward movements, and after the end of the experiment and processing the results with the (SPSS) system, the conclusions were that the moving balance exercises for the legs are suitable for advanced epee fencers, and have a positive effect on Developing the peak and area of the electrical signal (EMG) of the rectus femoris muscles in their forward and backward movements. The recommendations were that it is necessary to accompany the moving balance exercises for the legs by measuring some electrical indicators of the rectus femoris muscles for advanced fencers.

The study aims to design a test to measure the preforming accuracy of the aiming skill for forearm handball players. 2 - Identify an indicator of the values of some biomechanical variables for the aiming skill of the forearm players with a handball. The descriptive method was used by using the survey method to solve the research problem. The research sample included some specialized school players of handball for the sport season 2023-2024 and the number was (6) players. The researchers contacted a design to measure the accuracy of aiming pass for corner player to adopt it as a test to evaluate the performance of the players, in order to get precise results in the biomechanical analysis, because we adopt the successful attempt to come with biomechanical varieties. The main experiment of the research has been conducted in 25/12/2023 on research sample. A video camera was used during the experiment and a special program for sport skills analyzing was used (kinovea) 18th issuance to elicit some of the biomechanical varieties. After treating the data using a computer according to statistical program SPSS 21 Ver. A set of outcomes have been reached:
1. Speed has the essential and major role for the biomechanical variables which were studied in the research, and therefore we note that the results are not at the required level because the player moves somewhat a short distance somewhat without performing another skill such as plumping during running and thus needs a great distance to long his speedز2. The slow transition during the supporting and pushing process leads in a slower transition during the joints of the body and then the tool and thus the speed ball was not good