Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

The main objective of this research is to modify the alloy steels of high strength, and toughness with good mechanical impact loading resistance properties, which are the general requirements of contractions high pressure, large diameters line pipe used for transporting oil and liquid gases, due to the large demine on this two product. The use of Niobium (low quantities) with excellent control on all rolling stages of production plate, which are used in pipe manufacturing (longitudinal or spiral) by dabbling submerge welding (outer and inner face) is the primary technology used now in pipe manufacturing. The results of this work show that the mechanical properties (strength, toughness, and impact resistance) are improved when we used Vanadium with Niobium (controlling quantities), because of their effects on grain size and initiations of precipitation Harding during phase transformations from austenite to ferrite and under full rolling parameters controlling. This leads to high-strength low alloyed line pipe steels (HSLALP) suitable for the longitudinal, spiral pipe mills, which satisfy the user requirements in developing the most suitable chemical and mechanical properties of line pipe steels.

Hysteresis current control is one of the simplest techniques used to control the magnitude and phase angle of three-phase motor currents for high-speed drive systems. It is well-known for its simplicity of implementation and inherent peak current limiting capability. However, conventional fixed-band hysteresis control has a variable switching frequency throughout the fundamental period, and consequently, the load current harmonic ripple is not optimal. In this paper, an adaptive hysteresis band current controller (HBCC) is described and its performance and effectiveness are checked in case of the presence and absence of the speed loop of an indirect field-oriented controlled induction machine (IFOC IM).

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are search and optimization techniques that are used in engineering applications like systems optimization equation solving and electronic circuits design and synthesis. genetic algorithms are used in the design and synthesis of fixed topology electronic circuits. Two types of digital integrated circuits are considered, CMOS NAND circuit and CMOS NOR circuit. Several gate circuits are designed and synthesized to obtain the best value of (W/ L) s for the transistors in the circuits. These aspect ratios minimize the required circuit total chip area while still satisfying the logic function of the circuit with minimum deviation from the ideal characteristics. The resultant gate structures have less aspect ratio than those resulting from the traditional design techniques.

Concrete works occupy a considerable total cost portion of construction projects. There are several factors influencing its quality, strength, and performance. Lack of quality control has been pointed out in private sector projects in general, and specifically with low-income owners. Technical skills and extra cost required to control the quality of concrete are the most important factors that discouraged owners from adopting control measures, therefore, research work is implemented to determine easy, quick, and low-cost measures to evaluate fresh concrete and predict its (28 days) compressive strength, also help site engineers in adjusting fresh concrete according to the required standard before casting and hardening. The research covered an experimental work that includes, the casting of 144 concrete cylinders having 48 different mixes of cement content, water content, and maximum size of coarse aggregate. Laboratory tests of the concrete cylinders have been carried out to determine their compressive strength, and statistical analysis of the experimental data and results led to the proposal of an empirical formula. The proposed formula can be used by site engineers to judge the quality of concrete after wet sieving of fresh concrete. The research recommended the adoption of the concluded results and carrying out further related research.

Acceleration involves many changes in the allocation of resources which may lead to loss of productivity. In the case of the extension of time being uncertain, the contractor is faced with difficulties in resolving this problem. Acceleration measures involve additional costs to speed up the construction process. The contractor should always ensure that there is either an agreement or an express instruction to pay such costs. This research aims to identify the major elements of acceleration and find the causes that lead to giving the decision to take order of acceleration, and this research also aims to build a model tree to identify the types of acceleration and cases of taking the possible compensation of costs. The researcher presents a decision-making tool by using a diagnostic system developed by using (the Vanguard software system) to enable engineers to give an appropriate decision by using the Decision Tree Model. The vanguard system is specifically designed to perform a wide range of tasks required in business decision analysis. Vanguard combines decision-making technology with analysis methods to create diagnostic system applications.

The effect of steel fiber on the deflection of self- compacted slabs with and without repairing was investigated experimentally in this study. Three specimens were used in this study and six tests were taken. All specimens were tested under two-point loads to find the deflection of the slabs with and without repairing. The results showed that when used (0.2-0.5%Vf) steel fiber was added to concrete the deflection of the slabs decreased from (46% to 43%) to slabs without fiber under the same loads since the steel fiber increased the tensile capacity for concrete. The results also showed that the load capacity can be increased after repairing as compared with before repairing to (5.3%, 9.6%, and 17.6%)for slabs with (0,0.2 and 0.5% Vf)steel fiber respectively. On the other hand, the results were checked with the finite element method by using a sophisticated finite element program (ANSYS) and it found that the result was acceptable the difference was not more than 9%.

Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used modern building materials. The objective of this research is to study, experimentally behaviors and load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete bridges externally strengthened and repaired with Kevlar Fiber Reinforced concrete (KFRC) in a compression test. The main aims of this research work are as follows: Experimentally investigate the comparison behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams strengthened with KFRC strips., Comparison between the behaviors of strengthened and repaired columns .six samples are used for this project, and three of these are made of concrete, three with a knock and three with reinforced by Kevlar mat, for testing concrete deep beams. the load-carrying capacity of repaired cracked deep beams by KFRC strips has also been investigated.

The objective of this investigation is to study the efficiency of adding polypropylene fiber for improving the properties of concrete and punching the shear strength of reinforced concrete flat slabs subjected to elevated temperatures. Twelve panels were tested in this study. The models simulate the region of the negative bending moment around an internal column supporting a flat plate roof. One group of slab specimens was tested at room temperatures and three groups of specimens were tested with different degrees of elevated temperatures. The test loads were applied incrementally up to the ultimate carrying capacity. Deformations, crack patterns and ultimate loads were recorded.

Personal Computer _Based Input / Output (PC-Based I/O) Interface products became increasingly reliable, accurate, flexible, simple, cost-effective, and affordable. So the PC -Based control systems are widely used in industrial and laboratory applications for monitoring, control, data acquisition, and automated testing. The PCI-bus will allow a single add-in card hardware design to be created for multiple platforms. Also, the bus standards provide the bandwidth required for many new high-performance applications. The Applied Micro Circuit Corporation (AMCC) S5933 provides a flexible and low-cost, compliant interface to the PCI-bus. The software will play a vital role in developing data acquisition and control systems. The system software consists of device drivers to control the hardware, acquisition, control, and analysis. A Model Reference controller using Neural Networks (NN) will be the controller software that will be used in this application. A neural network will be trained to control an external plant so that it follows a reference model. The neural network plant model is used to assist in the controller training with better system response to a sudden change in the motor speed. The model reference architecture requires a separate neural network controller to be trained off-line, in addition to the neural network plant model.

The method is proposed to study the performance of a single-phase capacitor motor with amplitude control. This is clearly shown by controlling the speed of the motor by varying the applied voltage to the control voltage while the excitation voltage is constant. The obtained results show the validity of the method and the accuracy of the equations derived in this work.

Wireless Local Area Networks are becoming increasingly popular today especially those based on IEEE 802.11 b/g standard. In this paper, we study the implementation of positioning and tracking system for indoor areas using the existing wireless local area network infrastructure. Such systems make use of location fingerprinting technique rather than time or direction of arrival techniques for determining the position of mobile units. Fingerprinting technique operates by recording and processing the received signal strength information of the wireless clients that measured from multiple access points to provide the location of the user mobile unit. The methodology, positioning system stages (hardware and software) and data collection of the positioning system are presented. Analyzing the experimental results gives 2 meter accuracy, and shows that the accuracy and performance of the positioning system depends mainly on reference points density and number of access points in the infrastructure network.

Hydrogen, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas are the most important alternative fuels for gasoline in spark-ignition engines, for many reasons, such as the large world reserve of these gases, high heating value, high octane number, low emissions emitted from burning them in engines, and their low prices compared with gasoline. This practical study was conducted with these fuels to operate a single-cylinder with variable compression ratio, speed, and spark timing Ricardo E6/US, and its performance was compared with that resulted from operating the engine with gasoline. The results appeared that the HUCR (higher useful compression ratio) for gasoline is 8:1, 10.5:1 for LPG, 13:1 for natural gas, and 11:1 for hydrogen. Results appeared that spark timing is highly advanced when using NG more than other used fuels, because of its low flame speed propagation, on other hand, it is highly retarded when using hydrogen, because of its high flame propagation speed. The study conducted that brake power of LPG and NG is less than that for gasoline at CR=8:1, but they became closer when the engine operated at HUCR for each fuel, while it stayed very little for hydrogen due to its low heating value on a volume basis. The results show that specific fuel consumption for hydrogen is less than bsfc for NG, which is less than that for LPG; gasoline has the higher bsfc on a mass basis. Also, the exhaust gas temperature for hydrogen and NG is found to be less than LPG...

Model reduction for reducing a high-order transfer function to one of low order is based on a combination of Pade approximation to calculate the numerator coefficients and modified Routh array to calculate the denominator coefficients of reduced-order models. The purpose of this paper is to show the combination of Pade and Routh methods satisfied both the transient and steady-state parts of time response for reduced models. Many steps by using a computer algorithm for evaluating the numerator and denominator coefficients of the reduced model are developed. It is shown that the time response of the proposed model more closely follows the original system response than those of the other models. Several examples are used to illustrate the procedure and to test the viability of such an approach to model reduction.

The rehabilitation of cracked flexible pavement roads by overlaying, without any improvement, is rarely a durable solution, as the cracks rapidly propagate through the new asphalt layer. Crack's reflection through a road structure is one of the main causes of premature pavement deterioration which shortens the service life of overlays. The prime objective of the present study is to find the suitable remedies to reduce reflection cracks, by optimizing overlay asphalt mix design after considering the properties of various available material types, amounts, and applied conditions. This will include one type of grade and five contents of asphalt cement, Two types of aggregate gradation, and one type with different A total of 72 Marshall Specimens is prepared and tested by Marshall Method to estimate optimum binder content under traffic loading of the rolling tire. 42 Compacted asphalt concrete prism samples are prepared and tested using the wheel track apparatus. It can conclude that the use of surface agg. gradation type II gives the highest resistance to reflection cracking as compared with Gradation I.

Conventional non-adaptive filters that are used for extracting the information from an input signal, are normally linear and time-invariant. In this case, the restriction of time invariance is removed. This is done by allowing the filter to change the coefficients used in the filtering operations according to some predetermined optimization criteria. This has the important effect that the adaptive filters may be applied in areas where the exact filtering operation required may be known a priori and further, this filtering operation may be non-stationary. System modeling or system identification is one of the wide applications of adaptive filtering that have great importance in the fields of communication systems and signal processing. The main object of this paper is to find the best optimization algorithm that gives a minimum Mean Squared Error (MSE) between the desired and the actual signal to identify the unknown system. Many algorithms will be studied, such as the Least Mean Squared (LMS) algorithm, Adaptive Linear Neuron Network (ADALINE), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Then we will produce a new improvement algorithm (we called it GALMS) that uses the LMS algorithm with an optimized learning coefficient using a genetic algorithm. Optimal weights (coefficients) will also be found to be concentrated with the actual weights.

The work includes making concrete boards or panels used to cover walls from inside and false ceiling with dimension 200 * 200 * 30 mm , using Iraqi plastic factories wastes , by mixing it with cement , sand and water , using Polyvinyl Chloride and Acetate ( PVC ) to give panels high resistance for erosion , moisture and friction . Two mixes were used , first mixture (A)is 1 cement : 1 sand : 2 plastic wastes by size , the second mixture (B)is 1 cement : 2 sand : 3 plastic wastes by size . For the added material Polyvinyl Chloride and Acetate , many ratio were tried , the best ratio of this material to the weight of cement is 0.3 % . These boards were characterized by their high compressive strength ; for mixture (A ) is 13 MPa and for mixture ( B ) is 8 MPa . The flexural strength for mix ( A )is 2.92 MPa while for mix ( B ) is 2.08 MPa , in addition to their good resistance for moisture , the percentage of absorption for mix ( A )is 2 % and for mix ( B ) is 3 % . Thermal insulation for mix ( A ) is 0.322 w/m2 c and for mix (B )is 0.375 w/m2 c , this is very good as compared with other materials used for coating...