Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

This paper present the general technique in a new application, it will be used to reduce the number of fuzzy rule base to reduce the time of applications and simplify its form.This method will be applied for the controller of helicopter module.

Self compacting concrete ( SCC ) can be classified as high – performance concrete .It does not require to be vibrated to achieve full compaction. This offers many benefits and advantages over conventional concrete. The main object of this work was to investigate the properties of SCC produced by locally available materials and to evaluate the effect of grading of fine aggregate ( Coarse Grading CG , Medium Grading MG, and Fine Grading FG ) with fineness modulus ranging from (1.9 to 2.7) on some properties of SCC. To achieve this aim, three different mixes of SCC were designed and tested. The used cement content was ( 350 kg/m3), the powder content material ( cement + limestone dust) maintained constant (500 kg/m3 ) and the water/powder content ratio was ( 0.34). To determine the workability, different test methods were adopted as slump flow, J-ring, and L –box tests. It is found the workability of all studied mixes is good, with slump flow diameter greater than or equal to (600 mm), and flow times ranging between (3 and 7.5)sec. while the step of blocking ranges between (0 and 1)mm. The mechanical properties of hardened SCC mixes are also assessed. (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, static modulus of elasticity, and density).

This research deals with a modeling of the heating process of an induction furnace with a conducting non-ferromagnetic core. This is done by performing a sequential coupling between two types of analysis; the harmonic electromagnetic analysis and the transient thermal analysis in order to furnish a complete numerical simulation of this device. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is considered in order to solve this problem using the "ANSYS" computer package. The proposed coupling algorithm deals with different heat treatment procedures by induction for any axi-symmetrical linear work piece has been built. The obtained results show a good agreement with the published practical measurements. This work aids to declare the behavior of the furnace during the heating process, and leads the designer to determine the required geometry of the furnace, its excitation current and frequency suitable to do certain heat treatment of a defined work piece in shape and composition.

This paper presents a hardware implementation approach for Neural Networks (NNs) on a Programmable System-On-Chip. This is an intrinsic online evolution system that can be genetically evolved and adapted to change in input data patterns dynamically without any need for multiple Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) reconfigurations to accommodate various network structure/parameter changes. This will remove a considerable bottleneck for performance.The hardware implementation of NN using FPGA has two main problems. First it is required a large cost because it has a large number of multipliers, lock up tables (LUTs) and adders. Second the additional error that generate from the truncation of numbers when each value in software has minimum 64-bit while it has in hardware maximum 16-bit.This paper discusses combinations methods to reduce the cost and increase the speed of NN and propose a novel approaches to removes a considerable bottleneck and reduce the cost of a NN to plausible range under FPGA hardware.

The problem of laminar forced convection heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in a corrugated channel is studied numerically. The channel walls are maintained at constant temperature higher than fluid. The governing equations are written in two – dimensional Cartesian coordinates and solved by finite difference method with body fitted coordinates system (BFC) was used to stretch over the physical domain of the presented problem. Effect of wavy angle and Reynolds number on heat transfer and fluid flow were studied. The solutions are carried for Reynolds numbers range from 500 to 2500, wavy angles range from 0°to 60° and Prandtl number is 0.71. The results have indicated that heat transfer and pressure drop increase with increasing wavy angle at same Reynolds numbers. The results are compared with previous experimental results and show good agreement.

In the world of the computer data processing there are two main groups of processors first the microprocessor group that use the floating point system (FPS) and the TMS processor group that use logarithmic number system (LNS). There are many works and ideas to improve the two types and mixed between them but the main drawback of these works is that "there are no common rules to measure the efficiency of each work and compare between them". This paper presents some logical and fair rules to measure the efficiency of the processor as a first step on the true way to implement a good process. Hence, this way has three main phases. First, classify the mathematics operations and deduce the approximation weight of each operation in the computer data processing such as general digital signal processing (DSP) fields, fast Fourier transform (FFT), filtering and neural network (NN). The second phase is proposing the design of an optimal process that has a high speed and low cost. The third phase is modifying the optimal design to implement it in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) media.

This work involves a theoretical and experimental investigation of three types of composite laminated materials as thermal insulations for roofs. The composite consists of three types of fiberglass with polyester resin. The first is; random fiberglass type-1, (density of 659.3 kg/m3). The second is random fiberglass type-2, (density of 731.8 kg/m3) and the last is matt fiberglass,( density 1010.5 kg/m3). The theoretical investigation involved a study of the solar radiation received by the walls and roof, heat gains reduction of roof for the three types of composite materials at different variables; these involved the (insulation thickness, number of layers of composite insulation, volume fraction, and the air gap between the roof and the insulation. The experimental investigation is divided into two parts: the first part included the measurement of thermal conductivity of composite materials using Lee's disc method with different volume fractions. The second part included the manufacturing of two rigs (reference rig and test rig) with dimensions (1m x 1m x 1m height). Theoretical results prove that the heat gain for the roof is more than that of the walls.

Natural convection in two-dimensional square enclosure is studied numerically using a finite difference method. In the present study, top wall is considered adiabatic, two vertical walls are maintained at constant low temperature, the bottom wall is maintained at constant high temperature and the non-heated parts of the bottom wall are considered adiabatic. The aim of this work is to determine the influence of the position of a small heating source located on the bottom wall of a square enclosure (aspect ratio=1) filled with air (Pr=0.71) on the natural convection flow. Three different positions are analyzed ,on the left side (δ=0.1) ,on the center(δ=0.5) and on the right side (δ=0.9). The dimensionless of the heat source length (S) is taken equal to (0.2). The three dimensional differential conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are solved by a finite difference method for Rayleigh number varying from 103 to 106. Results are presented in the form of streamline and isotherm plots as well as the variation of the Nusselt number at the heat source surface under different conditions. The average Nusselt number and flow behavior are symmetrical for both cases, when heat source located on the left extreme and right extreme of the bottom wall.

WiMAX is a wireless digital communications system, also known as IEEE802.16 that is intended for wireless (Metropolitan area networks). WiMAX can provide Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) up to 50km for fixed stations and (5-15km) for mobile stations. In contrast, the Wi-Fi /802.11 wireless local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100-300 feet (30-100m). With WiMAX, Wi-Fi like data rates are easily supported, but the issue of interference is lessened The ability to provide these broadband connections wirelessly, without laying wire or cable in the ground, greatly lowers the cost to provide these services. WiMAX may change the economics for any place where the cost of laying or upgrading landlines to broadband capacity is prohibitively expensive, as in emerging countries. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient bandwidth use. Interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data rates over longer distances. The IEEE 802.16 standard defines the technical features of the communications protocol. The WiMAX forum offers a means of testing manufacturer's equipment for compatibility.

When a reinforced concrete slab is supported by coupled columns, these columns may behave as one column or as separated two columns according to the separation distance between them. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of separation distance of the columns on punching pattern for flat plates with high strength concrete and compares their results with other results of flat plates with normal strength concrete. Eight reinforced concrete slab specimens with coupled columns are cast with dimensions (length, width and thickness) equal to (850,470 and 50mm) by using a single high strength concrete mix with average compressive strength (f`c) that equals (55MPa) supported by coupled circular cross-section columns (diameter= 85mm), these columns are located at the centerline of the slab in long direction; while in the short direction, the positions of the columns are variable with respect to the centerline of the slab. However, the problem remains symmetric between the two axes. The specimens are tested over a simply supported span at four edges. The variable of this study is the clear distance between columns which takes the values (0.05 ,0.5 ,1 ,1.5 ,3 ,5 ,7 and 9)d , where d is the effective depth. The test results show that , the ultimate load reaches the maximum value when the clear distance between columns equals 9d and decreases by about (17.3 to 44.5) % of the maximum ultimate load when the clear distance between columns decreases from 7d to 0.05d.

The results of research show that the increase in dwell time pulse leads to a decreased rate of removal of each metal piece and the operator and the pole removed, had the highest rate of carbide-type (GT 30) while the lowest rate of removal of carbide-type (K 30), which was the rate of consumption in the polar (K30) is higher than the first type (GT30) and the results showed that the consumption of copper cathode was greater than consumption of Graphite Electrodes, regardless of the amount of time of stay of pulse. On the other hand found that the time of stay of the pulse (5 → 100) ms lead to a high degree of surface roughness and therefore less resistance to accidental breakage. The increase of pressure (50 → 145) kPa leads to a decrease in the rate of removal of the pole, while the increase to ( 250) kPa leads to increase the rate of removal of the pole. The results showed also that increasing the pressure of the electrolytic solution (50 → 145) kPa leads to a reduction of surface roughness and hardness of all carbides used, and therefore increase the resistance of accidental breakage, while the opposite will happen that when you increase pressure solution to electrolytic (250) kPa.

This work represents a technical process for progressive cutting die design. The object is to study fully the parameters affecting die design process which follows the actual die design. Also main design parts have been studied in sequences depending upon product pattern. A theoretical model has been chosen and has been utilized for this work so a complete details for progressive cutting die design stages can be clarified. The object of this work to achieve a limited information for progressive cutting die design stages. This will be accomplished using geometrical product (shape and dimensions). In addition it will lead quickly and easily for more information for designing each part of the die, and eventually obtaining a fully assembly of die.

The work includes making concrete boards or panels used to cover walls from inside and false ceiling with dimension 200 * 200 * 30 mm , using Iraqi plastic factories wastes , by mixing it with cement , sand and water , using Polyvinyl Chloride and Acetate ( PVC ) to give panels high resistance for erosion , moisture and friction . Two mixes were used , first mixture (A)is 1 cement : 1 sand : 2 plastic wastes by size , the second mixture (B)is 1 cement : 2 sand : 3 plastic wastes by size . For the added material Polyvinyl Chloride and Acetate , many ratio were tried , the best ratio of this material to the weight of cement is 0.3 %. These boards were characterized by their high compressive strength; for the mixture (A ) is 13 MPa and for the mixture ( B ) is 8 MPa. The flexural strength for mix ( A )is 2.92 MPa while for mix ( B ) is 2.08 MPa, in addition to their good resistance to moisture, the percentage of absorption for mix ( A )is 2 % and for mix ( B ) is 3 %. Thermal insulation for mix ( A ) is 0.322 w/m2 c and for mix (B )is 0.375 w/m2 c , this is very good as compared with other materials used for coating. The other expected function of the production of these boards is the exploitation of various plastic factories' wastes.

The main target of this research was to show the effect of climate on the building's shape, where the Arabian countries almost located in a width line (10, 30) where heat increase with respect to another place. Also, it has a different humidity, low "dry weather", high "wet weather”. This climate has an effect on the nature of life in these places. Therefore we must make attention our try to conform with it or treat it in many cases, especially in the architectural field and urban design. Therefore we have two main climate problems in architectural design: First: is protection from the sun. Second: saving air-conditioning for the building's spaces. The sun generates secondary climate elements like air discharge and humidity which lead to an effect on the heat regulation. The shape of the buildings, position, materials, color, surfaces of elevations, outside planning spaces, courtyards, and gardens had the same effect on these problems.