Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

Two ethanolic extracts of Eruca sativa(Rocket) and Zingiber officinale(Ginger) were studied after 42 days of treatment with effective dose (ED)of 200 mg per kg of BW for rocket and 400 mg per kg of BW for ginger. The results indicate significant increase in sperm count for groups of rocket and tadalafil, while significant decrease in sperm motility for tadalafil as compare with control, however, no indication of significant change in sperm abnormalities for all groups as compare to control.

Two ethanolic extracts of Eruca Sativa (Rocket) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) were studied after 42 days of treatment with effective dose (ED), as 200 mg per kg of B.W. for rocket and 400 mg per kg of B.W. for ginger, the results were 100% for fertility index(FI) for the two extracts , and , 60% for Tadalafil and 80% for control group. While, the result of pregnancy index(PI)was 100%, that give life babies after successful mating.

Milk is a very important human nutritive since their consumption has increased in recent years. The aim of this paper was to determine the content of major and minor elements in different milk samples. The current study included measuring the percentages of fat, protein, lactose and solids non fat. Also the present study involved determination some essential minerals in milk, such as measured concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, and iron. Milk was sampled in March 2016 on ten farms in the Najaf Province directly into plastic bottles (to avoid contamination). The reported data showed that the essential contents of milk of selected farms were have a significant difference and P > 0.05

The present study include eleven of the Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) birds from both sex, the weight and length of body were (98 ± 6.901gm), (32 ± 0.524 cm) respectively. The trachea characterized by a long flexible tube (6.34 ± 0.26 cm) in length and this refer to (49.403%) from the ratio length of respiratory system. It was mostly extend along the right side of the neck ventral to the esophagus and then enter the coelomic cavity. The trachea extend rostrally from the caudal end of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx into the connection between the trachea and syrinx (First tracheosyringeal cartilage ) caudally.
The weight of trachea was (0.152 ± 0.018 gm) and this refer to (9.331%) from the weight of respiratory system. The cartilage rings which forming the trachea was oval in shaped and form the basic unit structure of the trachea. The total number of tracheal cartilage rings was (64.2 ± 1.2) and the diameter of the cartilage rings unequal and show a gradual decrease of its connection of the larynx into the syrinx and the mean of perimeter of the trachea connection with larynx was (43.252 ± 1.911 mm), while the connection with syrinx was (22.915 ± 1.152 mm). It can be see two skeletal muscles connected with trachea were trachiolateralis and sternotrachealis muscles.

this study has included isolation and confirms diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16sRNA gene by PCR in (22) isolates from (50) milk samples has taken from cows, collected randomly in AL-Qadissyia province and making scan looking for the most common six resistance genes that resist to aminoglycoside antibiotic group included kanamycin ; tobramycin ; amikacin and gentamicin .
These genes which detected in this study with its percentage was AAC-3'-I was 18.1% ; AAC-3'-II was 36.3% ; AAC-6'-I was 27.2% ; AAC-6'-Ib was 91% ; AAC-6'-IIb was 9% and Aph-3-VI was 9% .
these six genes are encoding for six enzymes that have an important role to destroy and inactivated aminoglycosides antibiotics group.
The result of this study show AAC-6'-Ib gene is more percentage( 91%) while Aph-3-VI gene is leaser percentage (9%).
The aim of this study finding solves for resistances antibiotics problem that causes an economic large loss in animals meat and specially mastitis

klebsiella is the most common pathogen responsible for acquired infections in the hospitals and because of the extensive ability to produce β-lactamases made this bacteria resistance to many antimicrobial agents. This study was done to determine Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates containing both blaFOX and blaCIT by multiplex polymerase chain reaction . Out of fifty one Klebsiella isolates , 31 (60.8%) K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to cefoxitin by disk diffusion method . The production of molecular class C β-lactamase tested through modified three dimension method in all cefox resistance isolates and observed 14 (45.2%) isolates were producing for AmpC β-lactamase . The cefoxitin resistance isolates further screened by AmpC disk method and the result was 11 (35.5%)isolates were producing for AmpC β-lactamase . Multiplex PCR technique showed 8/31 (25.8%) K. pneumoniae isolates possess AmpC β- lactamase gene as well as this technique also revealed that FOX gene was exists in (37.5%) and CIT gene (62.5%)of the isolates .

The aim of the study is to evaluate the contamination of poultry meat with Campylobacter jejuni during slaughtering. The study was performed from February to August 2011, at Brno –Czech Republic. Two hundred eighty slaughtered broiler carcasses were examined from 20 farms (at different time intervals), five different samples were collected from each carcass. Swab samples were collected from different parts of the carcass as follows: from outer surfaces of carcass (after defeathering); from inner surfaces after evisceration; from ileum; liver and Bile as well.
A total of 139 carcasses were positive from bacteriological isolation of C. jejuni of total carcasses examined. Particularly, the percentage of isolation from different organ samples were as follows: 7.85% of isolates were from the outer surface, 8.21% from internal surface, 28.57% from ileum, 21.07% from liver, and 14.28% from bile.
Also the frequency of isolation was varied according to different months and showed maximum level in May (63%), while the minimum isolation rate was reported in August (40%). The present date was indicated a high level of contamination of broiler carcasses with C. jejuni and give us an alarming signal about and preventive measures

This study aimed for the detection of the presence of equine viral Arteritis (EVA) infection in horses in Iraq. A hundred and eighty-six blood sample were collected from horses attended to the state clinic in Equestrian club in Baghdad in the period extended from May to November 2014, the samples were transported to the laboratory of clinical pathology in Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine/Baghdad University. Serum samples were submitted to competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA) for detection of Equine arteritis virus specific antibodies, the study revealed that 1.61%(3 samples) of the examined samples were seropositive to applied test, that may consider the first indication to the presence of infection with EAV in Iraq .

Feline Parvovirus (FPV) had a substantial outcome on cats at various ages. This study considered being the first in Iraq focused on detection of the virus in cats with diarrhea at different age groups in some Iraqi provinces. The present study, involved a collectin of 84 fecal samples or intestinal fecal samples from an infected cats (stray and pet). These specimens were checked for detection of presence or absence the viral antigen. The checking procedure was included using the rapid antigen test kit (Anigen, Korea) and ready Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) kit (Santiago, Chile) to detect the virus antigen and specific genes. In addition to that, the hematological parameters had been realized. The current results show the 32 (38%) and 43 (51. 1%) were positive in rapid test and PCR, respectively. The hematological results showed 75 (89. 2%) have leukopenia.
It was concluded from current study that the FPV was detected and distributed between cats of Iraq. Also, its showed that the stray cats play an important role in distribution of disease in fields.

Salmonella enteritidis is an important foodborne pathogen that affects the human health by conception animal products and it was considered as a worldwide public health hazard. This study was conduct to investigated the prevalence of S. enteritidis, in calves with diarrhea in farm of AL- Diwanihyia city basis of molecular properties of this bacterium . A total of 91 samples were collected from December 2013 to May 2014, in different farms in the al Diwanihyia city . the pathogen was isolated by using microbiological and biochemical tests. the DNA extraction was done by genomic DNA kit according to the manufacturer’s instruction (USA) and PCR was performed via the specific primers of SefA- -F and SeA-R of the SefA gene. Amplified fragments of the 210 bp were observed in 12 of the total 91 stool samples isolates. This study recommends that the identification of these pathogens by PCR technique can be replaced with traditional bacteriological tools. The PCR method is a rapid approach for recognizing and identifying the S. enteritidis infections in diarrheic calves.

Macro and Microscopical explorations of the tongue in the ten of the adult male Rabbits collected from AL-Najaf city markets, this work expect will provide a support for future research and subsequent clinical applications as regards the biology of the tongue. After rabbits preparation the tongue distinguished then the shape, position, dimensions were record. The apex of the tongue was almost rounded. The body was square-shape thickening decreased gradually toward root. Root which slopes ventrocaudally toward the base of the epiglottis. Torus linguae at the caudal part of the dorsal surface. Lateral surface of tongue contain several fossa touching the premolar teeth. The mean length of the total tongue, apex, body, and root were (4.5 ± 0.5 cm), (1.25 ± 0.23 cm), (2.95 ± 0.2 cm), and (0.9 ± 0.26 cm) respectively. The mean width of the apex, body, and root at the widest part were (1 ± 0.49 cm), (1 ± 0.17 cm), and (1.26 ± 0.22 cm) respectively. Skeletal muscle fibers and loose connective tissue surrounded by stratified squamous epithelium keratinized at the dorsal and lateral lingual surfaces, non-keratinized at the ventral lingual surface. Filiform papillae heavy distribution on the dorsal surface of body, scanty at the apex, at the lateral surface of the body they are smaller than body papillae and longer than apex papillae. Circumvallate papillae were oval-shape, surrounded by a moat-like furrow, taste buds on the dorsal and lateral sides. Foliate papillae were leaf-like non-keratinized; with taste buds on the lateral walls. Fungiform papillae hade broad rounded keratinized surface, with taste buds on the dorsal surface. Lamina propria -submucosa was loose connective tissue with rich bundles of collagen fibers.

The aim of the present study was to investigate ovine subclinical mastitis and associated with the hematological changes were studied in awassi sheep flock consists of ninety ovine lactating (58 normal and 32 ewes subclinical mastitis) both groups aged 1.5-4 years in AL-Najaf province /Iraq. Milk samples were collected for California mastitis test (CMT) and blood samples were collected from jugular vein during the period February 2016 till April 2016.
The results showed that the means ± SE in normal lactating and ewes subclinical mastitis were as follows; Packed cell volume (PCV) 31.9 ± 0.4 % and 25 ± 0.3 %, hemoglobin (Hb) 10.3 ± 0.16 g/dl and 7.3 ± 0.12 g/dl, red blood cell count (RBC) 10.2 ± 0.13 ×10⁶/μL and 8.9 ± 0.28 ×10⁶/μL, mean cell volume (MCV) 31.3 ± 0.36 fl and 30.9 ± 0.62 fl, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 10.1 ± 0.12 pg and 9.7 ± 0.21 pg, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 32.2 ± 0.18 g/dl and 31.2 ± 0.36 g/dl, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 9.9 ± 0.46 mm/24 hrs and 17.9 ± 2.08 mm/24 hrs, Platelets 283.8 ± 16.6×10³/μL and 184.5 ± 8.3×10³/μL, white blood cell count (WBC) 10784 ± 268.3×10³/μL and 13956 ± 578.4×10³/μL, lymphocytes 54.3 ± 1.36 and 50.9 ± 2.51/μL, neutrophils 40.7 ± 1.41 and 52.8 ± 1.84/μL, monocytes 1.83 ± 0.16 and 3.0 ± 0.27/μL, eosinophil’s 2.84 ± 0.31 and 5.81 ± 0.76/μL and basophils 0.28 ± 0.05 and 0.78 ± 0.07/μL respectively.
The PCV, Hb, RBC and platelets were significantly higher (P<0.05) in normal lactating compared to that of ovine subclinical mastitis. The MCV, MCH and MCHC showed no significant differences between normal and ewes with subclinical mastitis. While ESR and WBC count were significantly lower in normal lactating.

Brucella canis is a Gram-negative organism infecting, mainly, the genital organs of both sexes and resulted in several reproductive problems. This bacterium is excreted in urine, milk, fetuses or semen of infected dogs, and transmitted to sensitive dogs through sexual, oral, nasal and conjunctival routes. In general, the routine detection of infection is done by serological tests and the confirmation through isolation of causative agent by the culture. Previously, many global studies documented the excellent efficacy of polymerase chain reaction in detecting the bacterial DNA, perfectly and high accuracy. The present study is the first Iraqi document that dealt with the diagnosis of B. Canis, serologically by Rapid test and Indirect ELISA test, and demonstration the infection, molecularly, in seropositive dogs by “16S rDNA inter-spacer PCR” technique. Serologically, the study revealed that 14 (5.76%) and 31 (12.76%) dogs were positive with Rapid test and Indirect ELISA, respectively, while only 5 (16.13%) dogs were positives molecularly. As well as, the received serologic data exhibited that all positive samples with rapid tests were, also, positives by indirect ELISA. At level of P  0.05, the statistical differences were reported within the applied techniques, positive dogs with most common risk factors (sex and age). In relation to sex, the results appeared that the females had an infection rate more than males; while in association to age, the infection rates were similar in both first groups (<4 and 1-4 years) and increased apparently in the last aged group ( 4 years).

In the current study use ten of the laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) birds from both sexes, the body weight was (102.811±3.599gm). The present study include the morphometric features of the trachea, primary bronchi and lungs. The trachea was appear long flexible tube consist from several number of the cartilage rings closed like (O) shape which refer to the basic unit structure of the trachea. The mean length of the trachea was (6.166±0.176 cm) and this form (66.544 %) from the total length of the respiratory system.
The primary bronchi appear as short tubes consist from several number of cartilage rings has (C) shape open from the medial side, connected together by transparent membrane. The length of right and left primary bronchi was ( 5.6 ± 0.4 mm ) ( 6.6 ± 0.2 mm ) and this form (6.043 %) (7.122%) respectively from the total length of the respiratory system. The lungs was pink into light red color, triangular or pyramidal-shaped. Each lung consist from two surfaces costal and visceral surfaces and three borders were lateral, medial and posterior borders. In the costal surface can be seen the lung contain five impressions. The length of the right and left lungs were ( 1.633 ± 0.02 cm ) ( 1.533 ± 0.03 cm ) and this form low percentage from the length of the respiratory system reaches into (17.623 %) and (16.544 %) and the thickness of right and left lungs were (4 ± 0.44 mm) (4.6 ± 0.49 mm), while the weight of the right and left lungs was (0.325 ± 0.032 gm) (0.308 ± 0.018 gm) respectively.

The results of the study has shown that using different concentrations of the extract ( peganum harmala ) causes infiltration of the inflammatory cells on laboratory animals (Pigeons). Also when increases the concentration of the extract , the infiltration of the inflammatory cells will be increased and that concentration of 20% of the extract has showed some grossly sings on the Birds and then the calculation of the Lethal Dose (LD 50) resulted in the 20% concentration.

The study aim to evaluate the effect of 660nm wave length low level laser therapy (LLLT) at different doses on open wound healing in rat model. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. Rats were anesthetized by IM injection of ketamine (50mg/kg B.W), xylazine (10mg/kg B.W) mixture. The back of animal was prepared for aseptic surgery, two parallel circular skin incisions 0.5 cm in diameter involving full thickness of the skin were made on both left and right sides of the back of each animal. Four groups were received a close-contact pulsed Gallium-Aluminum Arsenide (GaALAs) laser therapy on the left incision, with energy density of 2, 4, 6 and 8J/cm2 of 660nm wave length, 50mw power output and 146Hz pulsing rat immediately after surgery then repeated the same dose daily for 7 successive days. Results declare that the laser treated group of 2J/cm2 found slightly differences when compared with control group. At 4J/cm2 laser treated group, the healing of wound was better than of control group by presence of narrow scar tissue and completely epithelization. The study found that 6J/cm2 laser treated group was effective in open wounds, which showed faster keratinize layer formation and collagen fiber parallel oriented with the wound surface. However, energy density of 8J/cm2 was more effective for healing process than other groups by presence of more collagen deposition, increase activity of myofibroblast, and presence of clear skin adnexa. In conclusion, the laser wave length 660 nm use in this study was effective enhance the healing process of open skin wound in rats in all the four energy density used; further to the 8J/cm2 is seen the best in stimulation of wound healing.

Twelve healthy, local bread male rabbits were used in this study, weighting (1.5-2) kg , divided equally into three groups: in First group (Control group), the ulcers were induced by local application of Sulfuric Acid in concentration 38% in rabbit cheek mucosa ,animals were left without treatment. In second group, same procedure was performed then 0.03 gm of chitosan raw was applied locally on ulcer site twice daily at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day post induce ulcer while animal under general anesthesia. In third group, same procedure was performed, then saturated gauze with 5 drop of hyfresh drug contain hyalronic acid 2.0 mg\ml were applied locally on ulcer site twice daily at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day post induces ulcer while animal under general anesthesia.
Grossly finding at 3rd day shows limited area of necrotic mucus membrane (m.m) with presence of sluphing area in the second group, while in the control and third groups at same period showed presence of necrotic area of (m.m) surrounded by elevated congestion (m.m), as well as at day 7 evidence regression of necrotic area with definite re-epithelization area in the second group, while in the third group showed advance in regression of necrotic area when compared with earlier period and beginning of re-epithelization, in control group record decreased in necrotized area surrounded by congested area and also small ulcer area was found. Histopathological results in control group at 3rd day showed inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils infiltration between necrotic muscle fibers with hemorrhage in subepithelial layer while in the second group showed granulation tissue consisting from congested blood vessels and marked fibroblast proliferation with collagen fiber deposition, but in the third group showed presence of inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils and macrophages between necrotic muscle fiber. At day 7 in control group showed severe inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils infiltration between marked necrotic muscle fibers, while In the second group at the same period showed thickness collagen fibers with macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration with congested blood vessels, in third group showed inflammatory cells with congested blood vessels, edema, necrotic debris with severe neutrophils infiltration between marked necrotic muscle fiber.

Background and objective: Atenolol is β1-selective antagonist nonetheless this selectivity is not absolute and at higher dosages atenolol represses β-2 Adrenoceptors mainly located in bronchial and vascular musculature, alsoβ-blocker atenolol effects on testosterone and FSH production. Therefore ,this study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of vitamin E on reproductive efficiency in male rats exposed to atenolol. Materials and methods:Thirty-two healthy adult males Wistar rats at random divided into four equal groups and treatment for 56 days as follows:-First group (control):Animals in this group received tap water and served as control.Second group (group T1):Animal in this group will be receive atenolol orally at dose (100mg/kg/day).Third group (group T2):Animal in this group will be receive Vit.E (800IU /B.W.) orally and Fourth group (group T3):Animal in this group will be receive Vit.E (800IU/B.W.) and atenolol at dose (100mg/kg/B.W.) orally. Results: serum level of serum testosterone in control group was 1.51±0.21 ng/ml, and it significantly decreased in atenolol treated group (0.74±0.008 ng/ml),.Serum level of FSH in the control group was (4.87±0.03 mIU /ml) while it significantly reduced in atenolol treated group (2.69±0.15mIU/ml), also the results showed that atenolol was a significantly decrease the Ca+2 concentration to (1.20 ± 0.15 mg/dl) in contrast to control group.
Conclusion: Vitamin E improve significantly the levels of serum FSH and testosterone in in atenolol treated rats.

The study investigated the pathology changes associated with klebsiella pneumonia in lungs of sheep slaughtered. The objective of this study was focus on molecular detection and genotyping were done by polymerase chain reaction and gel-agarose electrophoresis. The molecular detection of capsular polysaccharide gene (cps) was investigated using PCR specific primers. PCR was performed with the primer that target the 16S rRNA. PCR was performed with the primer that target the 16S rRNA . Genotyping of these isolates were also carried out by using K1, specific PCR primers. When using the primer specific for the capsule cluster gene magA ( K1serotype). A total of 700 lungs of slaughtered sheep were examined individually and out of which 220/700 (31.4%) affected lungs were collected for histopathology and bacterial isolation, during the period from October 2015 to February 2016. 30 / 220 isolates were identified as klebsiella pneumonia (13.6%) ,according to characterization of morphology and biochemical for this microorganism, VITEK 2 system and confirmed by using the primer that target the 16SrRNA. Grossly, the lung lesions were categorized into: (1) solidation of lung (40%) ,(2) hepatization in lung 30% ,(3) abscesses in lung (10%) , (4) edema and fibrosis (10%) and congestion and Edema (10%). In histopathology examination, lung lesions were categorized into: (1) Suppurative bronchopneumonia (36.6 %) ,(2) interstitial pneumonia (30%) ,(3) bronchointerstitial pneumonia (13.3%) , (4)pleuritis with pulmonary edema (10%) and (5) pulmonary abscesses (10%).Special stains were used to verify the lesions. Collagenous fibers were stained red color with Van Gieson’s stain, polysaccharide were stained pink color with PAS stain. PCR technique showed that 19 isolates were positive to K1 serotype and 11 isolates were negative for K1. These results suggest that magA genotype might be a useful marker to identify K1 serotypes of K. pneumoniae.

Background and Aims :Newcastle disease is considered the most contagious poultry disease and may cause severe economic loss in the poultry industry. The virus belongs to the Avulavirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Paramyxovirinae, of the order Mononegavirales and is designated avian paramyxovirus-1. So, Early detection of the virus by used sensitive and specific primer design for detect local outbreak isolate can prevent the spread of disease and avoid huge economic losses. Towards this goal, in this research, we developed reliable specific primers to reproduce specific amplification for NDV HN and M genes in One-step Real-time RT-Florescent PCR method.
Materials and Methods: in this experimental study , Tow NDV isolate kindly provided by Iraqi center for cancer and medical genetic research , respective RNA was extracted from virus by using viral RNA/DNA extracted kit . the specific primers were designed according to NCBI data base for NDV HN and M gene sequence aligned by using ApE program and IDT company software Intercalating primer design website and sudsequently to amplify and evaluate by Real-time RT-Florescent PCR one step intercalaing dye .
Results: the fourescent signle and the melting point analysis for amplification the NDV HN and M genes give positive results by specific primer design
Conclusion:
This study showed that the primer design for NDV HN and M genes are sensitive , specific and accurate by used Real-time RT-Florescent PCR Technique molecular assay for rapid diagnosis of local NDV outbreak isolate .

The present study was performed to illustration some anatomical and histological characteristics of the liver of adult male moorhen bird Gallinula chloropus. The present study was conducted on 20 birds divided into two groups (10 for anatomical study and 10 for histological study) mature male healthy moorhen bird were used.
The liver of moorhen bird Gallinula chloropus was located in the right, left hepatoperitoneal cavity, seems red-brown in color. Moreover, divided into two lobes, right and left, the left lobe appear larger than right lobe. Histologically the liver of moorhen bird enclosed by thin capsule of connective tissue. The hepatocytes, which arranged radially around the central vein as hepatic cords in two cells thickness. These cells are polygonal in shape and have rounded nucleus and present of sinusoids between hepatic cords which lined by flattened endothelial cells.

Background: Iraq is agricultural country, but the important aspect of livestock shown by most of the studies conducted in previous years, which dealt with Q fever infection in animals ( cattle, sheep and goat ) strikingly. Q fever it is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burentii .
Material and methods: One hundred and five (105), human samples used in the study were (50) (22 sputum/28 bronchial-alveolar lavage) collected from Teaching Hospital and Center Pulmonology and Respiratory Specialist in Al-Diwaniyah. Collected sheep samples were (55) Sample (28 nasopharyngeal swabs and 27 bronchial fluids) from the slaughterhouse of Al-Diwaniya during January – august 2016. All samples were collected from peoples & sheep that suffer from clear respiratory signs. By using Sybr Green Real Time- PCR technique the samples tested directly.
Results: showed that the infection incidence in humans (16%) and in sheep (38.181%), the study proved that there were a significant differences at the site of infection in the respiratory tract (URT& LRT) for humans and sheep alike, as well as in terms of age groups and gender.
Conclusions: Q fever is a serious disease circulating between peoples in Al-Diwaniyah city and clearly defined risk groups: people with respiratory infection, heart and vascular disease, immunosuppressed patients and distributed in sheep that have respiratory disorder. Real Time –PCR is a potential tool to diagnosis of C. burnetii in humans and animals, because of its rapid and sensitive detection.

The medicinal plants contain many ingredients which enhance the development and synthesis of many drugs the ingredients content of medicinal plants that have therapeutic activity naturally synthesized and accumulated in plants. The presence study was conducted to investigate in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity effect of some medicinal plants, extracted by soxhlet with methanol alcohol and fractionation of active constituents from Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , Commiphora myrrha L. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves with water , chloroform , ethyl acetate and hexane. The methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , Commiphora myrrha L. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves show ( in vitro ) relatively significant (p ≤ 0.05) low cytotoxicity against RBC , while ( in vivo ) the cytotoxicity at 2000 mg / ml did not occur which indicated the study plants safety.
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The present study was carried out to isolate and identified the Staphylococcal-specific bacteriophage from swage water by using agar overlay method and to investigate the anti-Staphylococcal activity of هsolated Bacteriophage in-vitro. Two experiments were performed in this present study; the first one was isolation and identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from post-traumatic bone infection. While the second experiment included study the infectivity of bacteriophage in-vitro to MRSA as well as effect of temperature and pH on the infectivity of phage was also studied. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. aureus isolates revealed that most of isolates were resistant to Methicillin, Cefoxitin and Pencillin G. Staphylococcus aureus phage was isolated from sewage samples by agar overlay method, the phage was characterized by clear, circular plaques ranged between 2-3 mm in diameter. TTA method for determined the Phage MIC appears to be both reliable, and reproducible.

This study was aimed to investigate the protective role of Eruca sativa seeds extract on the number of Leydig's cells and hormonal profile in cadmium chloride treated rats.Forty adult male rats were randomly divided to four equal group and handled as follows for 56 days : Control group administered tap water ; group G1 administered tap water containing 30 ppm/ L of cadmium chloride; group G2 received tap water containing 30 ppm/ L of cadmium chloride and administered 250 mg/Kg.B.W of ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa seeds ; group G3 administered 250 mg/Kg.B.W of ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa seeds only.Collecting of blood samples were obtained at 0, 28 and 56 days for estimation of serum testesterone (T) , follicule stimulating hormon( FSH) and leutinizing hormon (LH) concentrations. At the end of experiment body weight and testicular weight were measurment. Furthermore, histological sections of testes were prepared for counting of Leydigs cells. A significant decrease in serum testesterone (T) , follicule stimulating hormon( FSH) and leutinizing hormon (LH) concentrations and decrease in body weight to testes weight% in group G1 at concentration of CdCl2 30 ppm/ L, as well as, statistical analysis and examination of histological sections of testes revealed a significant decrease in the number of Leydig's cells. Whereas, The results pointed the beneficial effects of Eruca sativa seeds extract to improvement the previous parameters, against cadmium chloride (G2), through a significant increase in hormonal profile concentration and numbers of Leydigs cells parallel with alleviating the testicular toxicity induced by CdCl2.

Objective: The present study was planned to identify the efficacy of Datura metel aqueous seeds extract against Ascaridia galli infection on body weight and some haematological parameters among in vivo in Birds.
Methodology: The present study was carried out in advanced zoology laboratory/science college-Kufa university from February,2015 to January,2016. This study was carried out on 70 bird from layer hens
type Domestic Pigeons naturally infected with A. galli , after determination LD50 on Ascaridia galli and certain that Datura metel without toxicity where used three groups were concentrations this material by two way the one orally 100 and 300 mg/kg respectively from body weight with Datura metel aqueous seeds extract and leave about other groups as positive control for 21 days.
Result: The results showed that Datura metel aqueous seeds extract with concentration (300mg / kg) gave significantly (p<0.05) improving in body weight gain , increasing Hemoglobin values (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV) and determination of Total erythrocyte count (TEC) to weeks (7,14 and 21) days following the concentration (100 mg / kg) which gave same result but lesser than above concentration compared with positive groups control (non-treated).
Conclusion: The study proved that gave Datura metel aqueous seeds extract with concentration (300mg / kg) improved studied standers for naturally infested birds with Ascaridia galli after twice orally administration per day for continuous three weeks .
Recommendations: Heading to use of medicinal plants for abundance, cheap price, more effective and side effects less.