Tikrit Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of vitamin B1 (hiamin hydrochloride) in aqueous solution is described. The method is based on the diazotization of sulfanilic acid followed by coupling with thiamin hydrochloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form reddish-brown water soluble dye that is stable and has maximum absorption at ( )",u*: 490nm ).The molar
absorptivity and sandell sensitivity were 7.74 x103 L.mol-l.cm-r and 0.045pg.cm-l respectively. The procedure is developed for bulk thiamin hydrochloride and some of their pharmaceutical preparalions. The are accurate, precise and comparable to the standard method (British pharmacopoeia).

The aqueous extract of C. Colocynthis fruit was tested for its antimicrobial activity against certain pathogenic fungal and bacterial isolates using agar well diffusion method. The activity of the extract was determined through measuring the diameter of inhibition zone and minimal inhibitory concentration. The study revealed that all the fungal and bacterial isolates are sensitive to the extract . Fungal isolates are more sensitive than bacterial isolates. All concentrations of the extract used in this experiment showed antifungal activity against the Cladosporium cladosporides.
The activity of Citrullus colocynthis L. extract is significantly better than the standard antifungal drugs, nystatin and fluconazole in a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml .The inhibitory effect of C. colocynthis fruit aqueous extract may attributed to active compounds present in the extract.

Ninety-seven blood samples of the P-thalassaemia major were collected from patients registered in Mosul thalassemic center (lbn Al-Ather pediatric hospital ) for the period 2001-2002, distributed in 52 males and 45 females aged 3.5-24.0 yrs old, and 87 blood samples of apparently healthy volunteers aged 3.5-24.0 yrs old too, distributed in 56 males and 31 females for the same aged and the period time . Hb cone., sGPT, sGOT, and ALP values were determined in addition to the age estimation for the two trails.
Statistical analysis, show there were significant differences (p<0.05) within Hb cone. of the normal individuals aged 3.5-6.0 and 18.0-24.0 yrs old. The Hb means cone. of both P-thalassaemia major and normal (control) were directly proportional to the sGPT and sGOT. while the Hb mean cone. of the P-thalassaemia major only was directly proportional to the ALP. The sGPT (17.64 u/1), sGOT (13.99 u/1), and ALP (16.43 u/1) values of the P-thalassaemia major was higher than that values ( 4.74 u/1 , 10.95 u/1, and 4.65 u/1 respectively) of the normal individuals .

Six adult rabbits of both sexes were used tostudy the effect of Staphylococcus aureus on the brain tissue. Animals were classified into two groups. Group(A) was the control and Group(B) was the treated. Group (A) was inoculated with 0.8ml saline solution subcutaneously, and group (B) was inoculated subcutaneously with 0.8m1 suspension of Staph.aureus .The inculation process was repeated again with group (B) after 15 day. After (15) days from the second inoculation, the all animals of both groups were sacrified. A brain specimens from the frontel, parietal and temporal lobes of both groups were taken, processed for histological technique, embedded in the paraffin wax, sectioned at (5) µm thickness and stained by the haematoxylin & eosin for examination by the light microscopy.
The brain tissues of group B, demonstrated the histopathological changes of the whole sites of the brain lobes, included, focal necrosis of the nerve cells, demyelination of the nerve fibers and gliosis. This effect may reflect the efficacy of the bacteria or its toxin or many both on the brain tissues.

To identify the causes of dyspepsia in Tikrit province, upper gastrointestinal (GIT) endoscopy was done and antral biopsies were taken from 200 patients. Abnormal findings on endoscopy were significantly higher in older age group ( 45 years and older ) than the younger age group ( below 45 years old ), 81 % versus 50%. Gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis and/or duodenitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease were found in 5%, 21 %, 22% and 2% of the younger age group and l 0%, 24%, 28% and 12% of the older age group respectively. Malignant diseases were found in 7 patients of the older age group but none in the younger age group.
H.pylori was detected in 68% of younger and 81 % of older dyspeptic patients. Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptoms in patients included in this study. Loss of appetite, loss of weight and dysphagia were more common in those with malignancies.

Fluoroquinolones are extremely useful agents and an important therapeutic advance. Each fluoroquinolones tends produce characteristic adverse effects. Different studies showed that there was evidence about adverse effects of some :fluoroquinolones as levofloxacin, alatrofloxacin, trovaflxacin and moxifloxacin on the pregnant experimental lab. Animals when they were administered higher than the maximum recommended human doses , the current study was conducted to highlight the effects of different dosages of pefloxacin on the pregnant mice .The study revealed that the litter size and weight of bi1th were unaffected at the recommended oral human doses. Also reflects that there were little effects on body weight gain of dams when the dose exceeds the maximum recommended human dosage. No teratogenic effects were observed even at high oral doses. This project needs further investigation using different lab. Animals with large sample size.

In this study we evaluate the 20 type of cancer disease in Tikrit teaching hospital for the period from 1995 to 2005 by using three statistical methods (regression analysis , T-test and completely random design) .The presentation and description of all cases among male and female were confirmed. And also explain the effect of ages for each type of cancer distribution among age groups of both sexes.
The results of this study are (1)- The female cancers are leukemia, lung, bladder, uterus, breast, brain, stomach, pancreas, rectum, kidney, liver, urinary, larynx, thyroid gland, colon, bone, small intestine and skin (2)- The male cancers are leukemia, lung, bladder, prostate, bone, brain, stomach, pancreas, rectum, kidney, liver, urinary, larynx, thyroid gland, colon, lymphoma, small intestine and skin .(3)- There are significant different between male and female for 9 type of cancer namely , leukemia, lung , bladder, brain, stomach, pancreas, urinary, colon and bone.( 4 )- There exist significant different between all cancers and the more significant are leukemia and lunge.(5)-There are significant different between female cancers and the more significant are breast, uterus and leukemia. (6)- There exist significant difference between male cancers and the more significant are leukemia and lunge.

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Many studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between raised serum lipids levels and incidence of JHD and atherosclerosis in humans. One hindered fifty healthy control individuals (86 male and 64 females )and (150) patients suffering from previous IHD (84 males and 66 females) were involved in this study. The blood samples from these groups were analyzed for serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein .All control individuals have a normal fasting blood glucose, normal resting electrocardiograph, blood pressure and serum lipids.
The results revealed highest frequency of IHD in males (29.76%) and females (25.76%) among the age group (50-59) years. Also it showed that about (25%) of males and (24.24%) of fomales who were suffering from IHD were below 40 years.

Cross sectional, hospital based study was carried out on 46 Cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients (25 males and 21 females) and fifty four healthy volunteers were investigated to serve as normal subjects. Serum and erythrocytes Adenosine Deaminase activity was assessed spectrophotometerically by using colorimetric method. Serum and erythrocytes Adenosine Deaminase activity of Leishmaniasis-patienats were highly significant (p< 0.005) and higher (38.8 ± 2.5 and 188.1 ± 23.3 U/L) than that values of healthy individuals ( 14.8 ± 1.4 and 64.1 ± 7.5 U/L respectively). No significant difference values were found in blood ADA activity according age and sex. In conclusion serum and erythrocytes ADA values may be used in the follow up of patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis together with clinical and other laboratory findings.