Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

Current research studied the effect of two different dose of pomegranate peels powder 20 mg and 40 mg / week / head / on Iraqi Awassi rams, with age 2.5 years and for the period from 29 -October - 2014 to 10-December – 2014.

Nine of Awassi rams divided randomly into three groups, as follows: control group which given tap water, second group given 20 mg/ week / head /, and the third group given 40 mg/ week / head .

Blood sample collected for measuring the concentration of hemoglobin, and calculate the total number of red blood cells RBCs, and white blood cells WBCs.

The weights of the three experimental groups measured at the start of the experiment and at the end of the experiment by scales used for large animals.

The results show a significant increase (p<0.05) found in weight at the sixth week of the experiment. While there is no significant differences in the characteristics of blood, the study measured; (hemoglobin, RBCs number, WBCs number), while the libido tested at the end of the experiment. The second and third groups exceeded significantly in (responding time to the first leap, and the responding time to the first Coitus, the number of leaps and the number coitus within 20 minutes.

This study was conducted on Awassi sheep in Al-Najaf city during October /2014 till January /2015 to detect the main clinical features and copper concentration associated with natural copper deficiency of sheep .

About one hundred clinically copper deficient sheep (50 male,50 female) character by important clinical copper deficient features as affected sheep group and control sheep group which apparent healthy was included one hundred sheep (50 male,50 female) both group sheep was selected randomly and blood samples were collected from each one to estimate serum copper concentration .

Clinical examination of deficient sheep was showed wool abnormalities 60% as higher percentage ,ill-thriftness and retarding of growth 80%, Ataxia(incoordination gait-posterior paralysis) 54% so the predominant signs is paleness of mucous membrane 100% .

So, heart and respiratory rates were increase in deficient sheep (92.11±0.35,36.8±0.8) than in control group (75.8±0.54,29.6±0.19) respectively ,but temperature rate not changes in both animals groups.

Serum copper concentration was (5.58±0.13)µmol/L in deficient sheep when compared with control sheep (15.61±0.56)µmol/L and the serum copper was higher significantly in male than in female in both groups as(6.482±0.21,5.131±0.12) µmol/L in deficient sheep ,(18.21,±0.78,13.014±0.62) ) µmol/L in control group respectively, and copper concentration in adult examined sheep (1-4) years as (5.66±0.68) lower than yearling lamb(9.8±1.03 in deficient group.

This study was conducted to estimate serum copper concentration in clinically copper deficient sheep and the effect of gender and sex on their concentration in Awassi sheep.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of omphalitis in the productive traits of broiler chicks.
The study was conducted from July 2012 to April 2013 in the hatcheries of Al-Fallujah, Al-Anbar province, Iraq to determine the prevalence of yolk sac infection, and to identify yolk sac infection attributed to various bacterial pathogens threatening the area causing economic losses in poultry industry and to take the precautionary measure to minimize such losses .
A total of (116) moribund newly hatched chicks with an age of (1-5)days were received from different hatcheries or farms. The selective chicks were necropsied for bacteriological cultures, histopathological study in addition to investigate their sequel on the health state of the birds.
The study showed that the prevalence of bacteria was in the following order; Streptococcus spp 39%, Escherichia coli 20.6%, Proteus spp 14.2%. Pseudomonas spp. 9.5%, Staphylococcus spp. 6.3%, Pasteurella spp. 4.7% , Klebsiella spp 3.1%, Bacillus (saprophytic) 1.5%.
Our study proved that omphalitis have a vital role in increase mortality during the first week in addition to its direct effect in decrease body weight as well as immunological response to further vaccination because of deprivation of passive maternal immunity that will predispose the bird for the endemic diseases.

Poultry meat is a source of valuable protein and essential amino acids and has a relatively little, while quality fat and it is used in a large volume for producing a quality desired meat products in the market. While respecting the correct technology (GMP- good manufacturing) and hygienic (GHP - good hygienic practice), mainly during the slaughtering and then during the cooling of a poultry meat, there are not any damages of sensitive substances and any hazard of microbial contamination. It is well managed to offer for the consumer a safe and biologically valuable food and raw material for the production of meat products from the poultry meat.

The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of quantitative feed restriction on some physiological parameters of Japanese Quail. A total of 160 unsexed Japanese Quail aged 21 days were used for this study, divided randomly to four groups, each has four replicates as follows; control group (T1) feed ad libitum, treatment (T2), treatment (T3) and treatment (T4), 10%, 20% and 30% feed restriction of the control group value respectively for two weeks. On day 35 all the groups returned to the free feed ad libitum till the end of the treatment.

Variables measured includes; productive, hematological and biochemical parameters.

The results shows significant (p≤0.05) effect of feed restriction as the body weight decreased in the 4th, 5th and 6th week, on the other hand the weekly body weight increase, decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in the 4th week and increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the 6th week. The amount of feed taken in 4th, 5th decrease significantly (p≤0.05) and increased significantly (p≤0.05) at the 6th week, but the feed conversion ratio increased significantly (p≤0.05) in the 4th week and decreased (p≤0.05) in the 5th and 6th week, with significant (p≤0.05) increase in the relative growth rate in the 5th and 6th week in T4 . Cholesterol increased while triglycerides decrease significantly (p≤0.05). Hb and PCV decrease significantly (p≤0.05) compared to the control. We can conclude from the results that quantitative feed restriction programs may have some economic benefits with some health hazard through rising cholesterol levels, decreasing Hb and PCV values according to the intensity of feed restriction regimen.

This study was designed to evaluate the trace elements in the blood of sheep suffering from clinical signs of mineral deficiency . Thousand (1000) ewe were examined clinically and 32 were suffering from sever mineral deficiency, while 10 animals clinically healthy selected as control group . Blood samples were taken, 32 samples from the infected group and other 10 samples from the control group . Blood samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed high deficiency in trace elements as well as presence of significant differences between the affected and the control groups at p<0.05 .The values of Cu, Fe, Co, Zn and Pb in serum of control group were 0.859 ± 0.091 ppm , 2.038 ±0.016 ppm , 0.519 ± 0.076 ppm , 1.028 ± 0.015 ppm , 0.003 ± 0.0005 ppm respectively and in affected group Cu,Fe,Co,Zn And Pb were 0.209 ± 0.006 ppm, 0.294 ± 0.025 ppm, 0.012 ± 0.001 ppm , 0.190 ± 0.007 ppm, 0.053 ± 0.006 ppm respectively. There was no significant variation in toxic metal Pb between affected and control group.at (p<0.05).

Treatments of retained fetal membranes in dairy cattle.The study was conducted on 100 dairy cows of Friesian-Holstein breeds suffering from retained fetal membranes, presented in Al-Fayhaa station, at Gabala, Musaib-Babel. The age of animals ranged from 4-8 years. The animals were divided into four equal groups, each groups contain 25 cows.The first group were treated with 22,5mg of PGf2 I.M, The second group treated with 100 i.u of oxytocin i.m. The 3rd group was treated with 50 i.u. of oxytocin .while the fourth group treated with 5mg estradiol benzoate i.m. The animals were under observation within 72 hours after treatment, to follow expulsion of fetal membranes.

The results showed that treatment with PGf2 with a dose of 22.5 m.g.i.m. give the best results with efficacy of 100% (25\25), followed by treatment with 100i.u. of oxytocin with efficacy of 72% (18\25).

While the 3rd and 4th group treatment showed a poor response with efficacy of 48% (12\25) and 40% (10\25) respectively.

There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between PGf2 treated group and other groups, It was concluded that treatment of R.F.M. with PGF2 give the best results.

The effect of castration on skeletal muscle development in awassi sheep were studied at the gene expressed for androgen receptor. The result showed that live weigh for epididymectomy rams was heavier than control and orchidectomy rams, respectively. There was significant difference (p < .05). By using the (2^ΔCT) with reference gene method, the findings documented that there was higher up-regulated in mRNA expression for androgen receptor in splenius muscles cells for epididymectomy rams compare with interact rams. In contrast, there was down-regulated for mRNA expression for androgen receptor cells for orchidectomy rams. In conclusion the continuous producing of testes hormones lead to growth of skeletal muscles of wether\'s significant increase the growth of skeletal muscles of wethers by epididymectomy companied with other rams.

This study was carried out to investigate cytogenetic effects of chronic exposure of an immunosuppressant Tacrolimus in male albino rats. Thirty albino male rats were divided into 3 equal groups, the first one (T1) administrated orally therapeutic dose 70μg/kg.BW of Tacrolimus. The second group(T2) dosed double dose 140 μg/kg.BW of Tacrolimus, while the third group dosed distilled water with drops of ethanol as solvent like in treated groups and considered as control one(C). cytogenetic study included mitotic index, chromosomal aberration and blast index, the mitotic index showed significant decrease in both treated groups compared with the control one, the blast index showed significant decrease in T2 group compared with T1 and the control group. Chromosomal aberration in the stem cells of bone marrow represented by ring chromosome observed in T2 group which received double dose of drug. In conclusion Tacrolimus chronic exposure in rats indicate some genetic effect which needed more investigations in other species and even man.

This study was designed to investigate electrocardiography changes in 100 dogs(50 male and 50 female) in Baghdad province to detect incidence of cardiac disorder . The results indicated that electrocardiographic abnormalities are 27% of examined dogs , nodular ectopic 2%, complet heart block 5%,ventricular tachycardia 6% ,bradycardia 8% and decreased T amplitude 6 %. The cardiac arrhythmia and hypokalaemia were the most common cause of cardiac disorders. There were differences between sexes for ECG parameters

This study was done to comparison among the cytotoxicity of olive oil, nigella sativa oil and the mixture of olive oil and nigella sativa oil on Hela cancer cell line, the results reveled to the maximum cytotoxic concentration of each olive oil and nigella sativa oil on Hela cancer cell line started from (1 µg/ml – 10000 µg/ml) at 72 hr. incubation periods, which reflect the pattern of cytotoxicity was time depending.

While the result the mixture cytotoxicity shows an increasing in cytotoxicity occurred with increasing in the incubation periods especially at 72hr. at concentration equal to 10000 µg/ml , which give indication about the mixture cytotoxicity was time and concentration depends ,

The cytotoxicity of the mixture was less when comparing with the cytotoxicity of olive oil and nigella sativa oil reflection an antagonism may occurred between the active ingredients of each olive oil and nigella sativa oil causing decreasing in the cytotoxicity of the mixture toward Hela cancer cell line .

Present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of flavonoid of black grape (Vitis vinifera L.) to contrast the damaging of 100ppm sodium fluoride(NaF) on some biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, α-amylase and peroxy nitrate) in females rats .Twenty females rats were divided randomly into four groups and treated for (30)days as follows: control group(C) which were given tap water. First treated group (T1) was given 100ppm in drinking water,the second treated group (T2) was given flavonoids extract from black grape (300mg/kg) by oral intubation ,third group(T3) was given 100 ppm of sodium fluoride plus 300mg/kg of flavonoids of black grape .Blood samples were collected after 30 days for measuring the following parameters : glucose , insulin , α-amylase and peroxy nitrate. The results illustrated a significant increase (P˂0.05) in, blood glucose concentration of sodium fluoride treated group (T1) and sodium fluoride plus flavonoids(T3), concentration of insulin in sodium fluoride treated group ,and concentration of peroxy nitrate radical in sodium fluoride treated group (T1) and sodium fluoride plus flavonoids(T3) groups as compared with control group . Significant depression (P˂0.05) in α-amylase activity in sodium fluoride treated group (T1) and sodium fluoride plus flavonoids(T3) as compared with other treated groups was also recorded . From the autcomes of this study documented seems that treatment with flavonoids of black grape(Vitis vinifera ) at concentration of 300mg/kg B.W has the ability to correct the adverse effect of sodium fluoride in females rats.However,there is no significant differences in group treated with flavonoids as compared with control. Histological sections of liver illustrated clear impact of group treated with NaF, manifested by necrosis of hepatic cells with infiltration of inflammatory cells while animals treated with flavonoids of black grape plus NaF revealed slight necrosis area and inflammatory cells in liver. However, there are no abnormal changes in animal treated with flavonoids of black grape. In inference, the autcomes of this study documented the ameliorative effect of flavonoids of black grape apposite the noxious effect of NaF on some biochemical parameters that effect on liver function.

This study was focused on the effect of different doses of DPP on antioxidant status and gonadotropin hormones of adult female Wister rats, sixty male rats were randomized into 6 groups (A-F). Group A received distilled water (control group). while groups B-F were administration 50, 100 , 150 , 200 and 250 mg/kg of DPP extract respectively for twenty eight (28) days. Blood samples were drawn prior to administration (day zero) and every fourteen days for the estimation of serum FSH,LH and Glutathione concentration. 28-day daily oral administration of ethanol crude extraction of date palm pollen to female rats is associated with high circulating GSH concentration. And an elevation in serum FSH and LH concentrations in groups received 100mg/kg of DPP extract .

Effect of ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis (CCT) was investigated on testes function ,testosterone ,LH and FSH hormone in albino mature male rats. Twenty four (24) rats weighting (220-280) g were grouped in to 4 groupsby (6) animals / day group and treated as follows for (42) days. first group considered control received 2 ml distilled water orally. While the experimental group second group(T1)were received 25 mg/kg B.W. ethanolic extract of CCT,and third group(T2) received50mg/kgB.W.,while fourth group(T3)received 75mg/kg B.W.The result the animals treated with 75 mg of ethanolic extract of CCT affected the testes by decrease of weight and decrease in hormone testosterone ,LH and FSH .also showed histological change completetly absent of spermatogenic cells in certain seminiferous tubules which replacement by large multiple vacuoles and lining by only by Sertoli cells , and marked thickness of interstitial tissueThe results showed the presence of a significant decrease (P <0.05) in the proportion of the testicular weight to body weight when compared with the control group. while testes histological study showed (T2, T3) thickness Tunica albuginea ,congested blood vessels with thickness of basement membrane of seminiferous s tubules and vaculation of their spermatogenic cells layer without presences sperms in their lumen. In conclusion the result of this study documented that CCT induced harmful effect on testes functio(50,75 mg/kg B.W.)at 4,6 week of treatment.

The objective of the current study is to assess the possible cardioprote-ctive effect of selenium in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury induced by ligation of coronary artery in a male rat model. 24 adult male spraguedawley rats were randomized into 4 equal groups: (1), Sham group, rats underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedures as the control group except for LAD ligation; (2), Active control group, rats subjected to regional ischemia for 30 min by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours; (3), Control vehicle group, rats received D.W (vehicle of selenium) via IP route and subjected to ischemia for 30 minutes before ligation of LAD coronary artery & reperfusion for 2 hr; (4), Seleniumtreated group, rats pretreated with selenium5mg/kg via IP injection 30minutes before ligation of LAD coronary artery & then subjected to reperfusion for 2 hr. In control group, as compared with sham, tissue TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, caspase-3 and BAX, plasma cTn-T and serum MDA significantly increased (P<0.05), while serum GSH significantly decreased (P<0.05). Histopathologically, control group showed a significant cardiac injury (P<0.05) compared with sham group. Selenium significantly counteracted (P<0.05) the increase of TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3 and BAX and counteracted the increase in plasma cTn-T and serum MDA. Selenium produces a significant elevation (P<0.05) in cardiac IL-10 and serum GSH with significant reduction in (P<0.05) cardiac injury. In Conclusions, Selenium minimizes myocardial I/R injury in male rats via interfering with inflammatory reactions and apoptosis which were induced by I/R injury .

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship of hyperserotoninemia on the adipose tissues performance and satiety status on thirty six female rats. Randomly divided into four groups that individually housed. The first group of six females as a short-term study were given daily serotonin (25 mg/kg) for a week and six controls received saline subcutaneously. Long-term treatment study included 12 females given daily serotonin injections for 3 months vs. 12 controls given saline. The results show significantly decreased in body weights after 7 days and 3 months serotonin injection with mean (200 ± 9.31 g vs. controls 224 ± 11.9 g, p = 0.003 and 234 ± 7.12 g vs. controls 246 ± 14.8 g, p = 0.025 respectively). Plasma leptin were significantly decreased in the rats syringe with serotonin after short-term (133±32.0 vs. controls 208±58.4 pg/ml; p = 0.029) and long-term treatment (172 ± 35.6 vs. controls: 234 ± 60.5 pg/ml; p = 0.007), whereas ghrelin concentrations were unaffected. Consequently, hyperserotoninemia results in low concentrations of plasma leptin with unaffected ghrelin concentrations that may explains a direct serotonin influence on adipose tissues with a significant reduction in body weights of rats vs. controls

Twelve Iraqi one-humped female camels (Camelus dromedarius) of 7- 8 years old presented in the Animal Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Anbar were used in this study during the period of 1/9/2012 to 1/1/2013. The study were designed to find out the effect of some months of year on the levels of some blood biochemical parameters. Results showed that there is no significant effects of months on globulin, urea and creatinine. Results also showed that glucose, ALT, Alkaline phosphatase activity and HDL were high during October (P<0.05) and low in other months. Total protein, albumin, AST, cholesterol and Triglycerides were high (P<0.05) during September (P<0.05) compared with other months. In Conclusion, there are few variation between the present findings and those from previous workers that may be attributed to the season or months assay.

at the period from May to November 2013 a total of fifty Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from the anterior nares of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and the same number were also obtained from control subjects at Al-Sader Teaching Hospital in Annajaf city. DNA was extracted from all isolates and by PCR technique a search was done for detection of genes that are responsible for excretion of enterotoxins ,Then a comparison was performed between the existence of these genes in both groups and it was found that the presence of these genes was higher in the patients group than that in the control group.

The effects of ethanolic extract of date palm pollen grains(DPP) was investigated on the ameliorating the oxidative effect of sodium nitrite on hemoglobin in albino mature female rats , twenty four(24) rats weighing 150- 200 g were grouped into four groups two control and two experimental groups, first group(GI) considered as negative control received 0.5 ml distilled water and after 45 minutes received another 0.5 ml of distilled water while the second control group(GII), (positive control) received 0.5 ml of distilled water then after 45 minutes received 100mg/kg Body weight sodium nitrite. While the two experimental groups were treated as follow, first treated group(GIII) received 100mg/kg Body weight crude ethanolic extract of DPP then after 45 minutes received 100mg/kg Body weight sodium nitrite. while second(GIV) treated group received 100mg/kg Body weight crude ethanolic extract of DPP daily for seven days then after 45 minutes from last dose received 100mg/kg B.W. sodium nitrite. Whole blood samples were obtained in heparinized tubes to detect methemoglobin percentage. The results in animals treated with single oral dose (100mg/Kg) of sodium nitrite comprised 45% met-Hb, 45 minutes after nitrite treatment, while animal,s group pretreated with ethanolic extract of DPP in a dose of 100mg/kg for seven consecutive days given as single oral dose of sodium nitrite after 45 minutes from last dose (before induction of methemoglobinemia) by nitrite administration revealed an increases in the level of met-Hb percentage in blood compared to that of control group treated with distilled water before sodium nitrite. However the percent inhibition of met-Hb formation over long term treatment was less than that observed with short term treatment.

This experiment was conducted on 9 Awassi ewes of similar weight (BW around 50 Kg) and age (45-48 months) for 60 days, were equally divided into three dietary treatments. Group 1 served as a control group received water from the sink water as the water drinking, groups 2 and 3have given water with garlic (Allium sativum)and ginger (Zingiberofficinale) extract by 2 ml/2 liter per day in the water drinking respectively , All groups were fed the basal diet. While Ekomilk was used to analysis milk samples. No significant effect was found in Lactose, fat, pH, FP and DEN, while protein and NSF improved (P<0.05) by adding garlic and zinger in water drinking at 1st and 3th weeks, However, No significant difference were observed in creatinine, ALT and AST, While the cholesterol and glucose were decreased (P<0.05) at 3th, 4th and 1st, 3th, and 4th respectively.

The analgesic effects of Tramadol and Xylazine as a preanesthetic in followed by Ketamine in adult dogs. A twelve male was randomly divided in to three groups . first group serves as control group given normal saline, a second 4mg /kg B.W. i.m. of Tramadol and third group 1 mg/kg B.W. i.m. Xylazine premedication, was then administered intramuscular followed by Ketamine anesthesia at dose 5 mg/kg B.w.. The behavioral changes, the duration of surgical anesthesia, and biochemical parameters. Xylazine pretreatment significantly (P<0.05) increased the degree of sedation when compared with the control. The duration of surgical anesthesia was significantly (P<0.05) increased by Tramadol pretreatment when compared with control group. There were no significant (P<0.05) differences in biochemical tests total Protein, Creatinine, Alanine Transaminase ALT and Aspartate Transaminase AST among the groups. This result suggests that intrmuscular Tramadol at 4mg /kg is a useful preanesthetic agent for extending the surgical level of anesthesia in ketamine anesthesia in dogs.

Abstract The present work was aimed to study the histopathological changes due to lead acetate intoxication and measure the activity of catalase in the serum of adult male rats. Sixty male rats aged (8) weeks and weight (45-60) gm were divided equally into (4) groups as follows: Group I: Rats served as control (C) and received distilled water for 3 months. Group II: Rats served as experimental and received by gavage lead acetate diluted in distlled water at 100 mg/kg B.W. /day for 1 month. Group III: Rats served as experimental and received by gavage lead acetate diluted in distlled water at 100 mg/kg B.W. /day for 2 month. Group IV: Rats served as experimental and received by gavage lead acetate diluted in distlled water at 100 mg/kg B.W. /day for 3 month. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture to estimate serum catalase activity. Specimens from brain, liver, kidneys, urinary bladder and spleen, were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results should time dependent significant decrease in serum catalase activity with toxicopathological changes in the targeted organs, the severity of the changes depend on time of exposure, with hyperplasia of urinary bladder. From the above results, it was concluded that lead acetate intoxication lead to significant decrease in serum catalase activity with toxicopathological changes in the targeted organs, these changes were time dependent.

This study was done during the period from October-2014 to end of March-2015, to study the prevalence of Entameoba histolytica & Giardia lamblia among patients with diarrhea. The number of examined samples of feces was 304. These samples taken from patients complain from diarrhea those attending General Hospital of Samarra & some Primary Health Care Centers, at the age of infant to 50 years. These samples examined by Direct wet film preparation (by using Normal saline & Lugol s iodine solution) & Examination of Sedment. The results of existing study as follow:
The percentage of total infection of intestinal parasites during this study showed that the number of males slightly more than females. Nonsignificant differences found among percentage of total infection of intestinal parasites under study, while significant differences found among patients lives in rural & urban area. High prevalence of parasitic infection was occurred in Winter. Significant differences found among percentages of total infection of intestinal parasites in different ages. High significant differences found among the total percentage of parasitic infection according to family numbers, while nonsignificant differences found between two parasites. Significant differences found among the total percentage of parasitic infections according to source of drink water, while nonsignificant differences found between two parasites.

Abstract Ischemia/reperfusion injury describes the experimentally and clinically prevalent finding that tissue ischemia with inadequate oxygen followed by successful reperfusion initiates a wide and complex array of inflammatory responses that may aggravate local injury as well as induce impairment of remote organ function by mechanisms that involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the cardio protective effects of Valsartan in regional ischemia/ reperfusion injury. adult male Albino rats were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group (1) sham group: rats underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery , Group( 2) control group: rats subjected to regional ischemia for 25 min by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours ,Group( 3) control vehicle group: rats received (normal saline) vehicle of valsartan via I.P injection and subjected to regional ischemia for 25 min and reperfusion for 2 hours , Group( 4) valsartan treated group : rats pretreated with valsartan 10mg/kg I.P 30 minutes before ligation of LAD coronary artery then subjected to the surgical procedure with ligation of LAD for 30 minutes followed by 120 minutes reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, Heart was divided into two parts, the apex for histopathology and the remaining part used for determination of tissue TNF-α,and IL-6 It has been found that Valsartan treated group showed significant reduction (P˂0.05) in TNFα with respect to the control groups.Histopathology study revealed that the treatment with Valsartan significantly (P˂0.05) improved cardiac injury as compared with control groups, we concluded that Valsartan reduces inflammatory reaction associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by LAD ligation in addition to its reduction for cardiac injury induced by ischemia reperfusion.