Journal of Arabic Language and Literature

The research deals with the experience took two levels : the first level, the poem presented – through the vision – a national consciousness that is that the Arab nation is a generous nation , at any time where strong and strong men rise up and regain the joy of this nation and revive its civilization again , however That the time lived by the poet was suffering from the bitterness of waiting , he was waiting to manifest the hero of the Savior , who reclaims this land glory of the past , the light we found draws the attention of the people of his nation to the actions of other nations who were able to achieve their true essence , when they removed the rotting history of history that had somewhat distorted their civilization and managed to lead a free and dignified life .

Story is one of the most used literary art in training history to the children because it's encouraging literary tools will reduce the strictness of history and motivates the children's interest in education of history for continuing the reading of historical events. This has been performed by Abd Atuwwab Yousef, the famous Egyptian author in children fictional literature in his collection entitled “The Life of Muhammad (SAS) in Twenty Stories” by using the narrative structures such as characters engineering, lingual levels including narration report, description and conversation for making the history understandable for children. There is not any scientific research on this fictional collection in terms of the analysis of aesthetics of narration language, characters engineering and eloquent means; as a result, this research tries to recognize the aesthetics of the said lingual levels and use of characters and eloquent means in this fictional collection in order to appear the help of these elements to facilitation of teaching history to the children. Some main questions this research tries to answer using the descriptive- analytical method during reading. About the most used eloquent means in this collection, eloquent mean of repetition (498 repetitions) can be mentioned as the aesthetics of repetition in this collection is the record of historical events in the children's mind.

This research aims to monitor the rhythmic shifts in Mahmoud Darwish's poetry, because it is decisive turn after leaving Beirut, accompanied by the demise of the Grand narratives that dominate the first poetic discourse, where the truth was based on a tribal horizon to express the collective Palestinian or Arab concern. The second discourse started from the unknown after it abandoned the high structures and transcendental structures, to produce knowledge that unfolds on the horizon of language, a knowledge that is fluid, and changes with each reading, which in turn will be called the change of the rhythmic pattern, or let us say that it called for a different rhythm through which knowledge is actually revealed. After it was manifested on the horizon of significance in words, this change and change in the images of rhythm that accompanied the transformation and change of the images of knowledge perhaps the concept of knowledge itself_ which is what the research seeks to reveal in significant models of the poet's poetry.

This paper examines the manifestations of narrative hegemony in two novels by the Iraqi writer Falah Rahim, namely: (Hedgehogs on a Hot Day) and (The Sound of Drums from afar), through the implicit author and his relationship to ideology, the fictional character and its relationship to identity.
The term hegemony is one of the central terms in studies of critical discourse analysis, especially in the theoretical approach enacted by the English academic Norman Faircliffe, which is the adopted approach in this research. Therefore, it was worth starting with a brief definition of this theoretical trend, followed by the discussion of the implicit author, and then discussing his relationship with hegemony and ideology in the novel (The Hedgehogs on a Hot Day), and then moving on to discuss the relationship of personality with dominance and identity in the novel (The Sound of the Drums from Far). The analysis in this research is based on interpretation and interpretation, and linking the text with the social context .

This research deals with the words of pests that were mentioned in the Qur’an, and these words affect and spoil the thing, and they were mentioned in the Holy Qur’an. which carry that meaning.

Linguistic critics classify Ibrahim Al-Yazji among the hard-line critics who prefer the most eloquent, and judge wrongly over others. And the literary linguist, Abd al-Rahman al-Bayrouti, is one of those who criticized al-Yaziji, and responded to him in thirty-seven issues. The research - in this section - aims to open an investigation into nineteen issues, investigate and verify them, and then give preference to the chosen one according to the strength of the evidence, to find out which one is closer to The linguistic truth in what he sees, and the clarification of their criteria of error and correction, and their position on liberation, and inertia in language.

Nazik Al-Malaika and Al-Sayyab made a massive challenging on the Arabic poetry structures whereas they created basic differences in its shape. After this remonstrates, A-Bayati appeared in the Arabic poetry arena to continue these challenges and make new differences on content and poetic image. Thereby Al-Bayati succeeded to provide new poetic models and changed dispatches of new modern poetry so that poetry has become confined to the issues of society (cultural and political) including nastiness and goodness surrounding it. That was after that the Arab poetry since long ages concerned with special contents such as praise, satire and pride or things related to the poet himself like romantic poems. But Al-Bayati came and dealt with cultural patterns rooted in society, in other words, he introduced new ones in order to reform and influence the future generations of poets. In this spirit we decided to study the cultural patterns rooted in the poetry of one of the poets who has seen the sixties generation. The pioneer’s generation that came after Al-Bayati whereas the paper examines Amal Donqol to see the extent of Al-Bayati’s influence in changing the message of poetry and his effect on modern poetry, through studying the cultural patterns dealt with by Amal Donqul in his poetry and its balance with the most important formats in Al-Bayati’s poetry with the analytical-descriptive approach. Among the results that we reached in this research are: Amal Donqol, as one of the most prominent poets of the 1960s generation,

The main function of ideology is to justify the domination of power over society; Because the dominant ideological ideas of any society are nothing but the ideas of the ruling class. Ideology plays an important role in reproducing power on the one hand, and in shaping and imposing social classes on the other hand Ideology is one of the central concepts in the cultural analysis of discourse, because it provides an understanding of social reality, so it has received the attention of cultural criticism. As well as its contribution to the establishment of unequal social relations linked to power and the control, exploitation and domination it imposes on social classes

تعدُّ أساليب الخطاب ، من الركائز المهمة التي تحقق للشاعر بعداً جمالياً وكثافة دلالية للنص الشعري من خلال اللغة ، فتعدُّ اللغة أداة مهمة من أدوات التواصل الاجتماعي بين الناس والوسيلة التي يمكن من خلالها الوصول إلى المعاني الكامنة في الذهن ، فهي الإحساس والشعور ومادة الفكر ، فاللغة في ارتباط مباشر مع الفكر وبما أن الأديب هو إنسان يولد من رحم المجتمع ويحمل فكراً معيناً يرتبط به ويريد إيصاله إلى المجتمع ، فيجب أن يكون جوهر هذه الفكرة ومفتاحها للوصول هي " اللغة " فاللغة هي جوهر الأدب شكله الظاهر وهي المادة الأساس والأولية لكل خصائصه الأسلوبية وأدواته الفنية ، وللشاعر المبدع لغته الخاصة التي تختلف تماماً عن اللغة الاعتيادية للتواصل ، نسميها اللغة الشعرية ويتناول فيها الشاعر لغتين الأولى هي اللغة السطحية والثانية هي البنية العميقة ، ليكون من هاتين اللغتين جسداً واحداً ، فالشاعر يكون في عملية مزج يمزج فيها الأحساس والشعور الذي يعتريه والكامن في أعماق ذاته ويقوم ببثه في الكلمات إذا تقوض البناء اللغوي في الشعر تقوض معه الكيان النفسي والشعوري المتضمن فيه وهذا ما نجده في لغة الشعر ، التي وظفها الشاعر علي لفتة سعيد في نصوصه الشعرية من استعارة وتشبيه ونداء وامر ونهي التي شكلت نصوصه الشعرية .

There are important abstract concepts that need a special method of delineation as appropriate; Including some concepts related to the monotheistic religions, especially the Islamic. The supplication of Abu Hamza Al-Thamali is one of the most important supplications that the Shiite pray to his Lord, and it is a long sea filled with heavenly concepts. It called us to study the abstract concepts that were mentioned in existential and bodily expressions and words.
Perceptual metaphor theory or conceptualization is one of the modern cognitive theories that will study what we are looking for in this supplication. This modern theory’s view of language differs from the ancient rhetorical and aesthetic vision. George Lakoff and Mark Janson were the first to put forward cognitive metaphor as a new epistemological theory. This research aims to study perceptual metaphors, their specifications and benefits in the supplication of Abu Hamzah Al-Thumali in the fields of "Going to God", "Request and Question" and " hopefulness ".
If it were not for the possibility of using these metaphorical expressions of language, the caller would not have been able to reveal what is inside him with his Lord in the framework of pure phrases and dry words, and he would not know who follows the saying of such supplications by knocking on God’s door in words and phrases.

This research sought to study the secondary and founding cultural systems of revenge poetry in the pre-Islamic era. Based on the study on cultural criticism, to reveal the cultural patterns that encourage violence in that poetry, as cultural practices imposed on the mutineers, and the research reveals the effect of the centralities (customs and traditions, the tribe), in limiting or encouraging rebellious poetry (The constancy pattern), of the replacement or new employment as a result of the effect of centralization and their contexts. The patterns appeared in the poetry of revenge three, the mythical, the social, and the linguistic, and were closely linked to the culture of society as an authority over the poets

A group of vocabulary about what happened to some of the authors of a strange text of the Qur’an, and what happened is a supposed or a change in the vocabularyThose bilateral produced a lot, do not keep the people of Hamza, and do not prevent that sound from something, despite weight of the linguistic rule, making voice guidance from the principle of salvation from Hamza even if he was prevented, and one (dominant) is one of those vocabulary

This article studies the most important components of Sufi poetry that have made this type of poetry in Arabic literature as an independent poetic technic in the downfall era. Sufi poetry in the downfall era had unique poetic features that distinguished it from other types of poetry throughout the history of Arabic language and literature.
This study tries to investigate the most important mechanisms of Sufi poetry and its elements in the ode of Taiya Ibn al-Farid al-Kubra, as a poet by whom a significant part of Sufi poetry was formed in the era of decadence. These elements were rarely used in Sufi poetry before Ibn al-Farid.
following Ibn al-Farid, Sufi poets used his method to utilize these elements in a way that Sufi poetry possessed characteristics that distinguished the then Arabic Poetry from other types of poetry.

Paradox is one of the most important principles of aesthetics in contemporary Arabic literature, especially in contemporary poetry, and writers, writers and poets have used this technique in various ways. This array is an opportunity to develop artistic meaning and illustration, which is quantitatively and qualitatively different in different literary texts; Therefore, considerable research has been done on the paradox and types and how to use it in a literary work in contemporary texts. Most of this research has dealt with the linguistic paradox. Few poems are found in the contemporary period that are like poems. The poet of the Palestinian resistance, Mahmoud Darwish, has used the paradoxical array; This presentation is one of his unique principles, during which he expressed his thoughts and feelings by depicting the situation of the Palestinian society in order to awaken his nation; Encourage the reader to reflect on his or her text. Therefore, in this research, we decided to examine the poetry of this prominent Arabic poet based on the effects of the visual paradox. In this work, the poem "Al-Jadariya" was selected as an example to be examined in accordance with the principles of image paradox as an independent study and seeks to answer two questions: 1- What kind of paradox is used in the poetry of Mahmoud Darvish? 2- The most important themes and concepts that Mahmoud Darwish uses in "Al-Jadariya" as a visual Yaradex; Which ones? The present study, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to clarify