Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

Recently, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles from bacteria have attracted attention, this study has been made for biosynthesize and characterizes silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from local clinical isolatePantoea agglomerans. The ability of those particles to inhibit the virulence factors biofilm and hemolysin produced by some local clinical multidrug-resistant human pathogensincludingAcinetobactor haemolyticus,Escherichiacoli,Serratia marcescensandStaphylococcus aureuswere investigated by treating all of the test isolates with sub-MIC(16 mg/ml) AgNPs. The AgNPs produced were characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).Pantoea agglomeranswere found to have the ability to synthesize AgNPs at room temperature within 24hrs and were spherical in shape as depicted by AFM. The AgNPs produced exhibited a potential antibiofilm and hemolysin inhibition activities against tested pathogens.

Production of pH-pigment (actinorhodin – like substance) was ascertained from ten Streptomyses isolates. Streptomyses IQ45 isolate was only isolated which produced pH- sensitive pigment. The production of pH-sensitive pigment was detected by fuming over ammonia. After extraction of this antibiotic, a number of physiocochemical characterizations were carried out which involved (IR, UV, MP, CHN-analysis, and solubility test). Indicated that this antibiotic is an actinorhodin-like substance. TLC of the extracted substance showed a single spot with Rf value equivalent to (0.26) which was close to that of actinorhodin.

These antibiotics showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus similar to that of actinorhodin produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2). The productivity of this antibiotics was (45 mg/L) at pH 8.5 and (40 mg/L) at pH 7 from the mycelial mat and (10 mg/L) when extracted from the liquid medium at pH7.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic compounds, and their pollution of soil and aquifer is of increasing environmentally risk. Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are phenoloxidases catalyze the oxidation ofPAHs in the presence of a mediator compound and hyacinth plant. In this study laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized into chitosan, and the potential to oxidize anthracene in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) was examined. Results indicated that the immobilization enhanced the stability of laccase against temperature, pH, inhibitors and loading time compared with the other cases. The immobilized laccase-mediator system was as efficient as the free enzyme for oxidizing the tested PAHs. After 24h. of incubation, immobilized laccase–HBT showed a system oxidization more than immobilized laccase without (HBT) of PAHs; Chitosan with hyacinth plant and (HBT) resulted better conversion than chitosan with or without HBT. These results indicate anew chance for applying the immobilized laccase in bioremediation

The present study was carried out by the formation of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) using a plant extract from the seeds ofCoriandrum sativumfor the biosynthesis of Ag2O NPs from silver nitrate solution. Data was characterized using furrier transform infrared radiation FTIR, X-ray diffraction XRD, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated a successful creation of nanoparticles of Ag2O. FTIR spectra showed a band around (501.49 cm-1), corresponding to the double bond of oxygen of Ag2O and XRD pattern identified the appearance of Ag2O nanoparticles, wheresix strong peaks were observed at 2θ (32,38, 46, 56,65and 75°) related to Ag2O compared with the reference [11], and that indicated to the formation of these particles. Images of AFM showed Ag2O NPs with an average diameter of (57.31 nm) and SEM indicated a distribution of cubic shape of Ag2O NPs. In addition, the order of reaction was pseudo-first-order. The value of activation energy, enthalpy, the change in entropy and Gipps free energy has calculated. The value of activation energy was (+1.37j\mol), the value of enthalpy (-1.371 j\mol), the negative value of enthalpy was heat emission. The value of entropy was (+56.53 j\mol) and the value of Gipps free energy was (-3.957 J\mol). In this study, silver oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the bio-synthesis method. The diameter of this particles was (57.31) nm. Thekinetics and thermodynamic of this reaction were studied and proved by a chemical equation

Angiopathy is a major complication in (T2-DM), Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is considered the main vasoconstrictor (a mitogenicendothelium-derived peptide is mostly, produced by endothelial cells, as well by vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and other cells). Previous studies suggested a link between T2-DM and ET-1. This paper aims to studythe association between Endothelin-1 (ET-1)as a marker of endothelial dysfunction and the duration disease among patients with T2-DM, and to identifying the effects of obesity and insulin resistance on elevated Endothelin level. The study includes96 patients with T2-DM,agedbetween(45-70) years, (56.73 ± 9.14 years) is anaverage duration of having T2-DM (14.541± 11.462) years, and 96 healthy control subjects, aged (45-70) years, (56.42 ± 8.74 years). We show that the excess of ET-1 level was clearly linked with the duration of T2-DM, where the plasma Endothelin level wassignificantly changed among the studied groups (according to their duration) (11.607 ±0.783), (13.641± 0.729), (17.736 ± 3.409), (33.816 ± 12.902), (81.165 ± 35.404), and (156.783 ± 12.671) pg/mL respectively. Plasma ET-1 levels significant is positively correlated with T2-DM (R² = 0.9711, p ≤ 0.01), with obesity, insulin resistance, age, HOMO-IR, hypertension and with HDL level (p ≤ 0.05). As a conclusion,the plasma ET-1 level was significantly elevated as long as having been T2-DM.

This research aims to find the direct linkage among the Uric acid rates with Endothelin (ET-1), which isconsidered the indication of endothelial dysfunction or endothelial damage in patients with T2-DM. This study, included 96 patients with T2-DM and 96 controls, the mean age ranged (56.73± 9.14), (56.42 ± 8.74) respectively. Results showed a highly significant increase in Endothelin (ET-1) levels, uric acid, urea, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed as compared with control group, while Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and body mass (BMI) were not substantially increased. Additionally, significant positive correlation was found between ET-1 with uric acid, urea, SBP, DBP in patients with T2-DM (p < 0.05). Finally, elevated uric acid levels in older people who have chronic blood pressure are one of the factors influencing the increase release of ET-1, thus the development of cardiovascular disease.

Nigella sativaseeds is considered as a very effective treatment for a variety of human diseases in traditional medicine worldwide with low human toxicity.Serratiamarcescenspathogenic species, a Gram-negative, opportunistic bacteria, are widespread and distributed in the human environment with considered resistance to different types of antibiotics.Extraction was performed on 12.5 gm. /150 ml of Nigellaseeds using rotary evaporator. Different time periods for extraction were applied (1-4 hours) with different temperature ranges of 50 °C to 60 °C performed separately for each time period. The 3 and 4 hoursextraction period at 60 °C for seeds was effective against Serratiamarcescenswith inhibition zone of 11.18 and 12.27 mm respectively. Nigellaseeds could be a promising inhibitor with enhanced activity against Serratia marcescens. Water extraction was efficient and effective at 60 °C, with extraction period of 2-3 hours for seeds. Noactivity recorded below this temperature.

The research project designed for the first time on comparison of Hybrirock seeds and pactol seeds of Brssica napus L. A plant affiliation of Brassicaceae family. The objective of this study was to phytochemically analyzing of France purchased Hybrirock and local pactol seeds by Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry and comparison of their essential oil components in relation with previous works. The French purchased hybrirock seeds and local pactol seeds were planted in Gerda rasha field Grdarash field, College of Agriculture, Salahaddin University-Erbil and seeda were stored for later chemical analysis. The GC-MS detections showed that the most abundant phytochemical constituents were E,E,2,4-Decadienal (22.3% for Hybrirock seed oils and 15.64% for pactol seed) and Hexanal (18.37 for hybrirock seed and 8.72% for Pactol seed oils), followed by 2-Undecenal(7.66% for hybrirock seed and 14.27% for pactol seedoils). Our study demonstrated that both studied genotypes of same species contained different important chemicals and beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids however glucosinolates were significantly higher in pactol seeds in compare with hybrirock seeds, making pactol seeds less edible and more suitable as nematicides or as precursor of Bio-fuels and the two tested genotype seeds have shown sufficient hydrocarbon content which can be used as a substitute of petrol hydrocarbon. While hybrirock seeds with higher fatty acid contents and lower glucosinolates possessing more edibility features to be used as food products and medical agents.

Three simple spectrophotometric methods namely; area under the curve, simultaneous equation method,andmodified simultaneous equation method were developed and validated for the determination of Ampyrone with a the presence of its acidic product using zero order spectra without prior separation techniques. The linearity was found in the range of (10-50 mg/L) and (10-55 mg/L) for Ampyrone and its acidic product, respectively. The recovery percentage was found to be in the range from 99.6 to 100.65 for the area under curve method and 96.64 to 104.8for the simultaneous equation method and itsmodified version which showed good accuracy and precision for three proposed methods.

The pharmacophore 2-aminothiazole has an interesting role in pharmaceutical chemistry as this led to the synthesis of many types of compoundswith diverse biological activity. Schiff base derivatives at the same time contribute to drug evolution importantly. In this review, the Schiff base derivatives of 2-aminothiazole formed andsome of their metal complexes are being focused on, and the antimicrobial andanticancer activity of them isbeing illustrated.

This article depicts a decision support system (DSS) devoted to the coordinated administration of urban frameworks. This framework defines the information and related treatments normal to a few civil managers and characterizes the necessities and functionalities of the PC devices created to enhance the conveyance, execution and coordination of metropolitan administrations to the populace. The cooperative framework called Decision Support System for Urban Planning (DSS-UP) is made out of a universal planning and coordination framework. So, it helps the decision-making process, a DSS was created as a learning-based framework gave derivation components that empower urban architect to settle on key decisions as far as specialized meditations on civil foundations. The learning-based framework stores experts_ information and additionally answers for past issues. Preparatory execution comes about demonstrate that DSS-UP viably and effectively underpins the decision-making process identified with overseeing urban foundations by using K-means++ data mining algorithm

The random key plays a basic role in the design of any cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, a proposed model for generating a random key is presented, which will be used for security purposes. Chicken swarm optimization (CSO) and HTMLparser are used for scattering the bits of the key. The statistical tests of randomness have given good and acceptable security results. The proposed key generation method was programmed by JavaScript language

Smart devices have become one of the most important facilities in managing the data in the organizations recently. In this research, Android Application has been developed with taking advantage of Quick Response codes technology for storing different types of data (ex: documents, goods or employees) within organizations, and retrieving it on demand on the smart device screen or sharing it to other devices as Excel reports.Discussion of the study assumptions, delimitations, and limitations resulted in developing several approaches for tackling the process of generating unique QR codes representing the items in the organizations, in addition to developing a QR code reader by making use of the camera in the smart device. Office goods have been chosen in this research project as a data sample. Based on the experiments, the findings have proven that QR code technology is highly useful in the data management process, for storing and retrieving information within smart devices, showing a high response speed and accuracy

The utilize of the web has made humans and companies powerless to exterior assaults. Indeed, cyber problems essentially influence information frameworks with distinctive types of malicious attacks such as spyware, virus, social engineering,etc. The Internet e-mail service, in particular, has become one of the most dependable methods of communication among people, institutions, and companies. The development of digital signatures to e-mail services has raised the e-mail security, which led to replacing the standard mailing of registered letters. Unfortunately, the process ofsending and receiving e-mails has created a negative impact means on security and privacy from cybercriminals by diffusing spam and malware. As a result, e-mail hosts are constantly under attack by malicious programs that are often attached to e-mails. In this paper, the simulation model and prototype of an email traffic monitor developed and tested in order to prove the ability of our proposed method for detecting new viruses. This paper states the success possibility of this new method based on the simulation results. The results of the analysis suggest that the Cyber Security Modeling Language (CySeMoL) model has a good performance of operating system vulnerability prediction. At last, some useful suggestions in the context of the CySeMoL model are presented.

This paper shows the applied voltage effect on the superconductor substrate sample. The substrate temperature (Ts) increases the activation energy of the substrate atoms. Thus, the injecting of minority carriers (holes) increased in ZnO semiconductor. These carriers recombine with electrons of 4S1 shell for Cu atom. The recombination occurs by two ways from band to band (direct recombination) or via traps (indirect recombination). The recombination mechanisms produce photons emission in the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The calibration between voltage and temperature achieved using Variac device. The applied voltages were 60, 65, 70, and 80 Volt, and the recorded substrate temperatures were 300, 320, 350, and 400 °C, respectively.

In the presentwork, extensive air showers (EAS)effects are described by estimating the longitudinal development model of EAS at very high energies of various cosmic ray particles. The longitudinal development was simulated for charged particles such as gamma, charged pions and charged muons at very high energies 1017, 1018and 1019eV. The simulation was performed using an airshower simulator system (AIRES) version 19.04.0. The effect of primary particles, energies, thinning energy and zenith angle (θ) on the number of charged particles (longitudinal development) produced in the EAS was taken into account. The rapprochementof the estimated longitudinal development of the charged particles such as the charged muons and charged pions with the experimental measurements (AUGER experiment)that gave a good agreement for primary proton at the fixed primary energy 1019eV for θ =0 ̊.

The study analyzed the optical response of GaAs0.75Sb0.25nanosheet under high pressure. It is the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) was employed by means of a simulation program, which is called CASTEP. Under different pressure (P = 0, 2, and 4 GPa). Geometry optimized parameters were calculated for the nanosheet. The optical data alter in accordance with high pressure. The increase of pressure in the nanosheet led to a rise in p = 4 GPa and a decline in p = 2 GPa of the optical energy band gap, the static dielectric constant ????1(0), and optical conductivity. The discussions of the real ????1(????) and imaginary ????2(????) sections of the dielectric function, optical band gap energy, optical absorption, and optical conductivity were included