Journal of Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract:
This research is concerned with employing the zero morpheme zero economically in the Arabic language, after we found a large aspect of the linguistic economy based on the zero morpheme, and one of its most important manifestations in the composition is the deletion that is common in the Arabic language, and aims in all its locations to reduce when the speaker tends to Elimination of the elements that are repeated or that can be understood from the specific context to indicate those omitted elements from the superficial structure that make up the composition, to facilitate the communication process in the least possible effort while achieving the greatest benefit. Key words: Economy - deletion - zero morph - nihilism mark - dilution - verbal presumption - current presumption - muscle effort.

Abstract:
The aim of the research is to present the phenomena of Fath and Al-Emlaa in the book (The Beauty of the Reciters and the Perfection of Al-Iqra) To Alam al-Din al-Sakhawi (d.643 AH), and to analyze them scientifically, and to demonstrate the ability of the science of religion in proposing these two phenomena, and the extent of his ability to delve into them, by studying his views on them and his contradictions to previous scholars, and the research has studied what is related to these two phenomena According to what was stated in the book, and the research concluded with a set of results, the most important of which is the priority and originality of the conquest, and that tilting is an urgent phoneme.
key words Al-Fath - Al-Emlaa - book (The Beauty of the Reciters and the Perfection of Al-Iqra)

Abstract:
The research topic is concerned with showing the pillars of the poetic image, such as simile, metaphor and metonymy in the poetry of Al-Sharifain Al-Radhi and his brother Al-Murtada The purpose of the research is to clarify their thoughts, feelings, and other means of the poetic image.
The study included two basic requirements: the first: clarifying the concept of the poetic image, and the other: the means of forming the poetic image, and the then the conclusion.
Keywords: poetic image, simile, metaphor, diagnosis, anthropomorphism, metonymy.

Abstract:
This research studies the phonetic significance of responding to the infidels in the noble Qur’an text, by looking at the contexts in which they are mentioned, and trying to provide interpretations of the paths in which these responses that mentioned , by choosing samples from Qur’anic texts that contain a phonetic significance and analyzing them ,This necessitated mentioning the verse of The Qur’an, and following up on the most important issues of voice in responding to the infidels in the Qur’an text, with linking them to the verses that they share with them forming a specific style, and mentioning the most important characteristics that distinguished this aspect from others, as well as introducing the terms that are related to the topic of the research.
Key words : phonetic, mentioned, significance, specific, introducing.

The study refers to the most important obstacles to teaching in the study of the Arabic language for university students in studying their studies, the science of study that is used in teaching, the study that was published in the study schedule, and the descriptive approach was used to suit the subject of the study, The researcher used the questionnaire for the study, where the number of loads of teachers and students reached (1450) individuals.
the most important of which are: The most important obstacles are the economic obstacles, then the obstacles in technology, The obstacles used in regular photography are the faculty beliefs about e-learning and their concerns with the student's motivation. In light of these results, the research concluded several recommendations, including: Work to increase interest in infrastructure and its technical and technological equipment in order to create appropriate conditions for teachers to use the distance learning system in university teaching

Abstract:
The research is an attempt to shed light on the terms of time and place in the Diwan the Collection of Thief Poets in the Pre-Islamic and Islamic Ages. To find out the most important indications of the aforementioned two terms, and their dimensions in the poetry of thieves, by studying each of them separately,
in an effort to find out the exact indications obtained from the research.
Keywords: Time and place ,Creative work ,Immortality, Thief .

Abstract:
Husseini literature represents a great wealth that has enriched the Arab and international library, for it is truly a literature that can be classified within the fields of world literature, and the reason for this is due to the human dimension of the personality of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him). Ali

Abstract:
This research deals with the internal music in the Diwan (Take me This research deals with the internal music in the Diwan (Take Me As You Like It), by the poet Muhammad Hussein Allawi Ghaibi, the internal music, which was and still is the focus of the attention of scholars and researchers, and is one of the most prominent stylistic means associated with language, and the aesthetic functions it carries for the poetic text, pointing to the most important means Which the poet used, and among these various means are repetition, the duality of compatibility and difference, the structure of export, and the balanced slicing, and the effect of each of them in giving a stylistic feature to the various aspects of this book, which created melodies that flow through the verses .
Keywords: internal music, metaphysical, stylistic dimensions.

Abstract:
Realism is one of the intellectual and political terms introduced by literary criticism in the study of modern literature, and it has often been associated with different or conflicting intellectual tendencies.
It has had a long history of fluctuations, prominence or atrophy, according to the different periods of time that have passed, which is what this research sought to monitor and stand at its most prominent points in this brief study.
Keywords: (ideology, critical term, realism, socialist realism, realistic literature, graphic realism)

Abstract:
The importance of speech and its impact on the development of human life is not hidden from anyone, as it was stated in the heavenly books that the word and speech are considered as the first divine creature. However the use of this divine grace is also useful and valuable as long as it contains a benefit to the speaker or listener. The poets and orators, based on the Qur’an and religious texts in Islam, emphasized the use of speech and its lack of time, and considered that prolonging speech is not a virtue but a vice. Saadi Shirazi, as one of the greatest Persian and Arabic-speaking poets, has repeatedly pointed out and emphasized this issue. This study aimed, through the method of textual analysis, to treat the poems and phrases of two valuable books of Saadi, "Golestan" and "Bostan", to clarify the point of view of this famous poet about the virtue and importance of brevity in speech. For this, the necessary data were collected and analyzed using the descriptive-analytical approach and the selection of excavation of documents, office tools and computer programs. The results showed that Al-Saadi believes that silence is sometimes more valuable than speech and that this speech, despite its value, should be used in necessary situations and situations.
Key words : speech , brevity , Saadi Shirazi , Golestaan , Bustan

Abstract:
Research on the linguistic aspects of the Qur'an is one of the dimensions of Qur'anic research. The Qur'an is a work that, from the beginning of its revelation until now, has called on human beings to compete, if they can bring something like it, but human beings have never been able to Scholars and scholars have researched the language of the Qur'an, commentary, rhetoric, literature, and various. Therefore, in this discourse, using a descriptive-analytical method, we have tried to examine the aspects of the linguistic miracle of the Qur'an by relying on the Surah of the Moon. Qur'anic readings, but research on various aspects of the Qur'anic miracle has not yet found its place. After examining different types of words such as nouns, verbs and letters, in this surah we came to the conclusion that in the Qur'an, and in each surah according to the subject, purpose and intellectual space governing it, words have been selected that fully conform to these concepts. They are complete and confirm the theme. In the meantime, words play a special role in creating harmony of content and content according to their structure. This issue is clearly palpable in Surah Al-Qamar. So that it can be claimed that each word is in its own place and it is not possible to move any word. All this is to communicate the purpose of the text and the audience to understand it.
Key words : Holy Quran , Linguistic Miracle , Morphological Structure , Additional Verbs , Surah Qamar .

Abstract:
Deviation is one of the means of expression mixed with influence and argument, which generates as a result of that argument the new meaning full of feeling and persuasion. This breach charges the language with influential literary energies, which has a double effect on the recipient. Heritage is as one of the methods of displacement and a means of expressing the contemporary experience, which the poet resorts to in his poetry, through which the language’s energy and power are charged many times over. Maad al-Jubouri is one of the poets of Iraq. He get helps from the heritage in its various forms, which include the religious-literary-historical heritage in his poetry, in order to express through him the feelings and feelings trapped in his psyche towards the homeland and its pain, and that is on the descriptive-analytical approach. He is a poet proud of his Arabism and Islamic authenticity, so he must hold fast to the ropes of the Quranic heritage and its positive or negative personalities, as he counts on his literary heritage and what it includes from pre-Islamic poets such as Imru’ al-Qays and Amr bin Kulthum From the results of the research, we can indicate that invoking the heritage in his poetry was able to violate the common rules of language that follow the multiplier effect, persuasion and spiritual absorption, Thus, all these linguistic penetrations are a cause for the tyranny of sentimental feelings, through which they explode with a great explosion, so the recipient must acquiesce and surrender to these strong linguistic typesetting associated with displacement and deviation.
Key words : Deviation , heritage , Maadal-Jubouri .

Abstract:
The contemporary writer cannot be separated from the issues of his homeland, for his fate is linked to the fate of the group to which he belongs, and his literature embodies the concerns and struggles of his homeland, and thus we obtain the term 'resistance literature', which is characterized by specific features that make it a committed literature concerned with discussing the issue of liberation and confronting the individual and collective self to the other. The aggressor, on all political, social and intellectual levels. The two poets, Sulafa Al-Hajjawi and Nasrallah Mardani, were among the most prominent poets of the resistance in Palestine and Iran, and the two poets were similar in many axes of resistance, such as urging revolution and jihad, hope for salvation and final victory, glorifying the Palestinian martyrs, stripping Zionist crime, exile and nostalgia for the homeland. Their poetry has also reached its highest artistic levels..
It is also noted that the poet included in her lament the various sects of the Palestinian martyrs, once the general Palestinian martyrs, and sometimes the martyr leaders, as well as the martyrs of the children of stones and the guerrillas, and she used various aesthetic arts such as similes and metaphors.
Nasir Allah Murdani described the struggle of the martyrs and often referred to the desire to testify and to describe the martyrs. He motivated by his passion for and the passion for sacrifice.
It's also noted that he has adopted metaphorical and paranormal visualization, along with symbolic visualization, in the presence of Imam Al-Hasan Al-Habi and Al-Habi, the symbols of martyrdom and sacrifice. The poet has borrowed multiple images through the blood features of the martyrs.
Key word : Al - Shaheed image , Salafa Al – Hajjawi , Nasrallah Murdani .

Abstract:
It is known that the modern psychology has been discovered by Frouid and after that all the sciences began to effect by it and especially the studying of literature as a result for its effect on human beings and their feelings . So ، the structural ، psychological and analytical criticism is appeared .In the first chapter ، we talked about the evolving of psychological direction in the literature criticism in that its bases returns to the western critics as a result for the romantic school appearance in literature and " Sant Buff " considered as the pioneer for that direction . After him ، a number of critics appeared who pay their consideration for the psychological side of criticism and especially " Taine " and as a result ، literature criticism and psychology begin their approach .In the modern Arabic literature criticism ، this direction begin its appearance after the adopting movements in Arabic literature and " منهل الوارد في علم الانتقاد" book can be considered as a modern studying that affects the creativity art . Also ، " الاسس النفسية للابداع الفني في الشعر خاصة " for Mustafa Swaif became a curriculum for that direction . In chapter three we talked about the poet's life while in chapter three we talked about his poetry according to psychological direct . Kuthair considered as a foolish poet and also Taha Hussain emphasized this point when he talked about him . As a result ، we can say that the psychological literature criticism is depending on the sciences points of view such as Frouid and Young . Also ، it can be stated that the poet's problems in his childhood will effects directly on his poetry and psychological directions .
Key words : Criticism ، Psychological direction ، Poetry ، Kuthair Azza .

Abstract:
Recent studies have been interested in deletion, which is cutting out a part of speech and it is only for a presumption or verbal or moral evidence that indicates it and is safe from confusion. He has many written and verified books. The poet used omission, which is one of the important phenomena for rhetoricians and grammarians.
The connotation means the meaning and the deletion often comes to avoid repetition that is useless and to motivate the recipient and to get rid of prolongation with the intent of reducing, and most of the deletion is for the purpose of shortening and mitigating.
Keywords:deletion, abbreviation, predicate, predicate, deletion of subject, deletion of letters, prepositions, appeal.

Abstract:
The research presented a comprehensive study of the aesthetic social function in Al-Baqiri newspaper, which was mentioned in the texts
It is scattered in the propaganda newspaper, and it has varied between a social function whose aim is to address widespread problems In societies it shows a job that sets conditions and rules that avoid harm within the community The propaganda texts indicated the aesthetics of the method in employing Expressions and meanings to serveSociety and the newspaper has reinforced its texts with Quranic texts key words: The Aesthetic social function in Newspaper\\" Al-Baqiri - (narrated on the authority of Imam Al-Baqir - peace be upon him).