Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

across the Middle East but usually focus on Iraq and the Arabian Gulf region where clouds of sand are whipped up from arid areas. On 6 to 9 September 2015, a massive dust storm whipped across at least seven countries in the Middle East and enveloped the east Mediterranean. The storm was unusual for this time of year. The aim of this work is to investigate the meteorological conditions that led to the formation and spreading of the storm. Satellite images, aerosols index, surface and upper air weather maps were analyzed for the period of the storm. Satellite images indicated that the huge dust storm was a result of two merged storms, one came from the Syrian Desert and the second initiated over the Sanai Peninsula. Results showed that the region was dominated by a low-pressure system. Two thermal convection lows, which developed just above the Syrian Desert and the Sanai Peninsula, are believed to be main cause of lifting up dust from ground surface. The strong ridge dominated the region indicated that there were a warm and dry weather conditions at the surface. The results also indicated that the horizontal wind patterns, both surface and 850 hPa pressure levels have spread dust all over the region. The 850 hPa pressure vertical wind was notably negative (ascending air) over the two source areas of dust, while the vertical wind was positive (descending air) above the east Mediterranean and the coastal countries. This situation of descending air made dust to travel near the earth surface.

In Present research ,the validity of a solar distiller which is made of two parts ( a solar tank and a solar distiller ) has been tested and distillered the water of one water- trench in Baghdad was treated using this equipment which produced pure water with an average of ( 1106 ml/m2 .h) during the day and (222 ml/m2 .h ) at night .The total water produced is thus ( 1324 ml/m2 . h ) . The laboratorial tests of the samples water before distillation showed that the stream water contained T.P.C/ 1ml =2900 ( Total Content Of Bacteria ) , T.C/100ml >1600 T.C (Total coli form) , F.C /100 ml>1600 (Fecal Coli Formand ) and E. coli /100ml>1600 . The total percentage of salt in water trench before distillation was T.D.S mg/l 1886 \ After water treatment and distillation , the Total Content of Bacteria ( T.P.C) was decreased to T.P.C / 1ml = 210 , (Total coli form) T.C /100 ml = Zero , ( Fecal Coli Formand) F.C/100ml= Zero and E.coli /100ml = Zero . In and, the total percentage of salt after distillation T.D.S was decreased to 105 mg/l . The results of this research show that water distillation using solar distiller is a successful and efficient process led to decreasing T.C.P 93.8% and killing all types of harmful T.C , F.C. and E. coli bacteria. )By analyzing the samples of sterile water using the solar distiller in the laboratories of the Ministry of Health and Environment- Central Environmental Laboratory as shown in Table (6)).

The science developed more there for depending on cloud cover become more through knowing the type of cloud and shape and height with climate changing followed that observing station start built and also systems able to observe cloud cover from surface in addition from space by using satellite. The aim of this search Calculating the monthly frequency for cloud cover in Baghdad station. Data about total cloud taken for three levels (high, middle, and low) clouds cover Baghdad city for rainy season from Uruapan medium Rang for casting (ECMWF) for year 2015 in Baghdad station. Calculating the monthly frequencies of the cloud cover. The highest frequency of high, medium, low and total clouds at 0octa in all months. Medium cloud cover lowest values or recurrence at (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) octa.

The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) is an atmospheric simulation system designed for both research and operational applications. This worldwide used model requires a sophisticated modeling experience and computing skills. In this study, WRF model was used to predict many atmospheric parameters based on the initial conditions extracted from NOMADS data sets. The study area is basically the region surrounded by the longitudes and latitudes: 15o-75o E and 10.5o-45o N which typically includes the Middle East region. The model was installed on Linux platform with a grid size of 10 km in the X and Y directions. A low pressure trough was tracked in its movement from west to east via the Middle East during the period from 1 to 7 January 2010 as a case study of the WRF model. MATLAB and NCAR Command Language (NCL) were used to display the model output. To evaluate the forecasted parameters and patterns, some comparisons were made between the predicted and actual weather charts. Wind speeds and directions in the prognostic and actual charts of 700 hPa were in agreement. However, the predicted values of geopotential heights in WRF are somewhat overestimate the actual ones. This may be attributed to the differences in the data sources and data analysis methods of the two data agencies, NOMADS and ECMWF.

This study included the collection of 70 sample of urine from infant aged between (2 days-2 years) divided into 35 sample of healthy children and 35 sample of children suffering from urinary tract infection, Through which get 40 isolated of different types of bacteria. And at different rates ranged between (27 , 12.8 , 7.1 , 5.7 , 4.2 % ) As percentages of the total isolation and (47.5 , 22.5 , 12.5 , 10 , 4.2 %) As percentages of isolation ratios qualitative for E.coli , Proteus mirabilis , Klebsiella Aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus Faecalis respectively ,While the number of bacteria in sick children was ( 15, 8, 5, 3, 2 ) isolated for E.coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella Aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus Faecalis respectively with isolation rates (42.85, 22.85, 14.28, 8.57, 5.7 %) Compared with healthy children who were (4) isolated for E.coli and with isolated ratios have (11.42%) and one isolated for each of Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus Faecalis with isolated ratios (2.85 %) for this types respectively, also the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles done in Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center (NAMRC) in university of technology and Prepared of Zinc Oxide NanoParticles were investigated via using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, the VEGA Easy Probe), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and antibacterial activity and the results of Zinc Oxide Nano Particles against bacteria explain a bility of it's to inhibition growth of bacteria in different rate of bacteriostatic when used in different concentration.

EDCs raised a certain concern for living health began since last century, via interfere with natural hormone functions and produce reversible or irreversible biological effects. Bisphenol (BPA) is an organic compound that causing human health risks. Different bacterial spp. has biodegradation ability for wide range of EDC. 4 bacterial spp. were isolated and worked on (Pseudomonas auroginosa, Pseudomona lutoi, Proteus penneri, and E.coli). The effect of substrate tolerate bisphenol (5 mg/ ml) using the well diffusion method were investigated. The biodegradation effect of bacterial isolated on breakdown bisphenol and its derivatives using UV vis spectrophotometer were studied and comparing in various incubation time and temperature to assess the effect of the physical conditions on the bacterial ability of bisphenol degradation. Proteus penneri showed a significant ability to resistance to para-phenol and meta-phenol, while highly sensitive to ortho- aminophenol and para- creso, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Pseudomonas lutiola sensitive to meta- aminophenol, while resist to degraded three phenol compounds (para, ortho aminophenol, and para crysol). Data showed a significant effect for ps. Lutiola after 15 days of incubation followed by p. penorri and E.coli. to degraded phenol chemical compounds. Data demonstaed that bacterial spp. ps. Lutiola has an obvious degradation effect for bisphenol compound after 15 days of incubation however, Sp. euroginosa showed an absolutely different behavior toward bisphenol which showed an raising absorbance after the 15 days of incubation. The ability of different local bacterial isolated to breakdown the phenol and its derivitives in surface water was investigated .

Recently, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections proportions have increased significantly. Molecular typing and virulence analysis are good techniques, which can lead us to know P. aeruginosa infections. P. aeruginosa isolates were identified by using molecular method (16S rDNA gene) via PCR technique for accurate identification. The highest percent 41.26% of P. aeruginosa bacteria was found in the burn infections followed by 28.57% in wound swabs, 17.46% in ear discharge and lowest percentage were obtained from sputum samples. All isolates classified into six groups (A-F) according to classes of antibiotics. Of the 63 bacterial isolates, 100% were resistant to carbencillin, whereas 31.74% were resistant to ticarcillin and all isolates susceptible to imipenem. In addition all of clinical isolates indicated multidrug resistant (MDR) patterns, the highest rate of MDR was observed with pattern C these isolates were able to resist (9-12) antibiotics. All isolates were typed genotypically by using two methods of amplification, ERIC and RAPD-PCR. The results of the ERIC-PCR typing of P. aeruginosa bacteria that 96.82% showed amplification bands ERIC-PCR also revealed 17 groups of genotypes (A-R) and 4 unique isolates. The results of RAPD-PCR fingerprint revealed 12 groups of genotypes (A-M) of 40–90% similarity according to coefficient values and 4 unique isolates, except 7.93% were untypeble. QS genes (lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR), screen showed all isolates 100% were positive for one or more QS genes, in the other hand 82.53% carrying lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR, while the 15.87% carrying lasI, rhlI, and rhlR and 1.58% carrying lasI, lasR, and rhlR genes. ERIC genotyping significantly correlated resistance patterns but not with virulence control QS genes. RAPD genotyping significantly correlated with source of infection, resistance patterns and virulence control QS genes. These results can help initial diagnosis MDR P. aeruginosa outbreaks associated with specific genotyping patterns.

The effects of aqueous and alcoholic of extracts Mentha pulegium leaves were studied on the growth of strain Staphylococcus aureus that isolated from burns. The Phytochemical analysis of The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Mentha pulegium leaves show the presence of bioactive constituents like comarins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and essential oil. the ethanolic extract show an inhibition zone larger than aqueous extract.Results show that the ethanolic extract inhibits bacterial growth with inhibition zone(30.33mm) but the aqueous extract give an inhibition zone(8mm). In this study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was detected and the result varies according to the type of extract.

Biofilm formation is a mechanism for bacterial community defense against insults including antibiotics .In this report we evaluated the potency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) isolates from atopic dermatitis patients skin as well as stool to colonize different Lewis types saliva , manifested by biofilm formation . The bacteria were cultured on tryptose soy broth .96-well polystyrene plate were used .Coating with heat inactivated Le (a), (b) and (c)saliva was performed. Biofilm intensity was measured using crystal violet stained films compared to non –saliva coated situation. The results showed a superior capability of most isolates to form biofilm on Le (a) followed by Le (b) saliva. The highest binding mean was for isolate ( 4). Le (a) saliva binding (mean ± SD was 0.66± 0.25 for test compared to 0.21± 0.04 for control non coated wells) , p=0.04,cl=0.041-0.864. Other isolates demonstrated variable degree of biofilm formation on this substrate .In contrast to Le (c) saliva, Le (b) saliva demonstrated weak biofilm formation . We conclude that, among atopic dermatitis patients skins, P. aeruginosa Lec (A) or Lec (B) lectins might be involved in colonization in such patients. Key Words:- Lewis blood groups – Pseudomonas aeruginosa -atopic dermatitis– Biofilm.

This is a prospective study done at Al wasity teaching hospital for reconstructive surgeries in Bagdad in a period from November 2014 to April 2017, using a Total of 119 samples of primary bone tumors which were diagnosed both histopathologically and radiologically. The main objectives of this study was to make a comparison between benign and malignant bone tumors. Immunohistochemical staining was done to confirm the diagnosis of primary malignant bone tumors and the proliferative index of them were carefully evaluated. Out of 119 samples of primary bone tumors used in this study ,100 (84%) were benign and borderline(osteoclastoma) and 19(16%) were malignant, the mean age for benign tumors was lower than the mean age for primary malignant one and both frequently present in the 2nd decade of life, male to female ratio for benign bone tumors was 3\2 and 8.5\1 for primary malignant one, femure was the most common location for benign bone tumors while tibia was the most common bone affected by primary malignant bone tumors. the study also showed that the most common benign bone tumors were osteochondromas(67%) and most common primary malignant bone tumors were osteosarcomas(52.63%),thus this study rise a conclusion that in general, primary bone tumors were mainly benign, occurred predominantly in the second decade of life with a male preponderance.

Our study has been aimed to find the relation between the expression of toll-like receptors 2, 4, level of TNF-α, IL-10 and soluble HLA-DR with the severity bacterial septic syndrome in Iraqi patients. The quantitative real-time PCR technique has been used for measure TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in whole blood, and ELISA technique has been used for detection of cytokines TNF-α, IL-10 and soluble HLA-DR from 75 septic syndrome cases (nineteen of patients showed symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS); twenty-eight patients have sepsis, seventeen patients suffered from severe sepsis and eleven patients have septic shock) and 55 healthy controls (HC). TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression were higher significantly in the all patients (P< 0.05), TNF-α, IL-10 and sHLA-DR serum levels were significantly elevated in the serum of patients with septic syndrome compared with controls (P<0.05) except the level of HLA-DR in SIRS patients there were no differences with a healthy control group. Also, the results have been shown, there are significant differences in TLR2 and TLR4 between the stages of the septic syndrome and also a positive correlation between TLR 4 and concentration of sHLA-DR. According to the results of our study, we can conclude the possibility of using TLR 2 and TLR 4 expression to determine the severity of sepsis as a diagnostic biomarker.

Novel 1,3-oxazepine derivatives have been synthesis via (2+5) cycloaddition reaction of imines and selected cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides by refluxing in dry benzene. Imines have been prepared by thermal condensation of 4-methyl aniline and para substituted benzaldehyde in absolute ethanol under reflux conditions. The structure of the target compounds were Identified by some physical properties and spectral data of FT-IR and 1H-NMR.

In the present study, a new of 1,3,4-oxadizole derivatives(4a1,4a2,4b1,4b2) were synthesized using an ultrasonic technique. Benzohydrazine and its substituted (2a, 2b) were obtained from the reaction of hydrazin with benzoylchloride and its substituted (1a, 1b). Compounds (2a, 2b) react with chloroacetic acid to form compounds (3a,3b) which react with p-phenylene diamine and hydrazine in presence of DMSO as a solvent to obtain new compounds (4a1,4a2, 4b1,4b2) by ultrasonic technique. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectral data: infrared spectra (FT-IR) and 1HNMR and CHN analysis. The synthesis compounds (4b1, 4b2, 4a1, and 4a2) were evaluated for antibacterial (Staphylococcus1 aureus) by the serial dilution method

The security of video applications in mobile devices has become recently an important field research. Dealing with video data, which is large compared to text and image and processing it in the mobile platform is a big challenge. Generally, the efficiency of any video encryption algorithm is concerned with two criteria, the computational time required to process video data, and the memory usage according to the resources on the smartphone. The secured system in 3G devices has become a matter of importance. This paper presents an implementation of full video encryption using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) on a mobile device. The operations on ECC include doubling and addition on the finite field as the backbone for an elliptic curve. Also, mapping representation is introduced to convert every byte of plain video into a point on EC. The paper proposed multi-keys instead of using one key as usual. Also, Chaotic Key Generator (CKG) is exploited for the randomness of the multi-keys. The proposed work focuses on increasing the security with multi-keys and to get acceptable time for encryption and decryption in a limited environment like mobile. The system is implemented using Android Studio with version (3.0) and using java language, it is implemented on Android version 7.0 (Nougat) and on mobile Galaxy S8.

A hybrid lossy compression system was presented in this paper. It was based on combining the multiresolution coding together with a polynomial approximation of linear base to decompose grey images followed by an efficient coding. The test results showed promising performance where the compression ratio improved about three times or more compared with the results of the traditional linear predicting coding system.

In this paper, an alarm system for four types of emergency states (explosion, car accident, earthquake and fire) is developed. This system divided in to two parts: transmitted part (Arduino, sensors, GSM, GPS), and emergency part (center site, sub center sites). Center site is included (Android phone, Server), Sub center sites (helping centers) represented the mobile phones of competent authorities like police center or hospital. The alerting in this system as a SMS message is sent by GSM. The system used Haversine formula to determine the nearest sub center from emergency state that receives the SMS alarm message from transmitted part. Also the path is tracked using Google map application.

Principle component analysis produced reduction in dimension, therefore in our proposed method used PCA in image lossy compression and obtains the quality performance of reconstructed image. PSNR values increase when the number of PCA components is increased and CR, MSE, and other error parameters decreases when the number of components is increased.

In this paper, we introduced and studied the concept of strongly uniform extending modules, An R-module M is called strongly uniform extending (or M has (1-SC1) condition) if every uniform submodule of M is essential in a stable (fully invariant) direct summand of M. As a proper stronger than uniform extending modules and as a generalization of strongly extending modules and give some properties of such modules in analogy with properties for strongly extending modules. We have the following implications: Strongly extending modules ⇒ Strongly uniform extending modules ⇒ Uniform extending modules.

This paper deals with using one method for transforming two parameters given distribution to another form with three parameters distribution, through using idea of reparameterization with powering the given cumulative distribution function by new parameter, where this work gives a new family through using new parameter which is necessary for generating values of the r.v from given CDF through smoothing the values of the given random variable to obtain new values of r.v using three set of parameters rather than two. The new model Frechet p.d.f is obtained and also its Cumulative distribution function is found then we apply three methods of estimation (which are Maximum likelihood , moments estimator , and the third method is depend on using least square regression approach). Different set of initial values of parameters ( , , ) and different samples size (n=25,50,75,100). The simulation procedure is done using matlab-R2014b, and results are compared using integrated Mean square error.

The main aim of this paper is to parameterize the conics form through the inequivalent 5-arcs in PG (2,25) using one-one correspondence property between line and conic. The inequivalent 6-arcs in PG (2,25), also have been computed with some examples.

Specimens of HgBa2-xTexCa2Cu3 O8+ with x =0, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.45, were prepared by traditional method (SSR). The results showed enhancing structural and electrical (resistivity vs temperature) properties, where XRD analysis shows a tetragonal structure for all specimens and high ratio of Hg-1223 phase with an increase of the lattice parameter and Tc, except x=0.45, it shown semiconductor. The HgBa1.70Te0.30Ca2Cu3 O8+ specimen with x= 0.3 shows the highest (Tc=143K) than with Tc of the basic compound HgBa2Ca2Cu3 O8+ equal (135K), at increment of Te content. While mechanical properties have been weakened as consequence to increasing brittleness of HgBa2-xTexCa2Cu3 O8+ compounds at increment Te content.

Titanium dioxide was prepared using pulsed laser ablation (PLA) and hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the product from hydrothermal method had a nanotube shape, whereas those from PLA in liquid were nanoparticles. The optical properties in the absorption curve of product from the hydrothermal method were slightly greater than those from the PLA method, and the energy gaps were 3.39 and 3.26 eV for the hydrothermal method and PLA, respectively. XRD results showed that the TiO2 prepared through PLA showed one phase (rutile), whereas those prepared through hydrothermal method showed two phases (anatase and rutile). Moreover, the product from hydrothermal method had smaller particle size smaller than that from PLA. Furthermore, the product yield and the required reaction time of the hydrothermal method were higher than those of PLA.

The elemental analysis of the samples collected from marshes water and river water in Thi Qar region of Iraq are done using the X-ray fluorescence technique (XRF). The water samples are collected from Euphrates River, Al- Hammar marshes, ground water and drinking water. The elements observed in various samples are 20Ca, 26Fe, 29Cu, 30Zn, 33As, 35Br and 38Sr. The 20Ca concentration in Euphrates river water constitutes ͂ 2.3% of the left over residue, a value similar to that observed in water from the marshes. The 38Sr concentrations in the Euphrates river water is in the range 2519-5691μg/L. The 38Sr concentrations in Euphrates River are similar to that observed in the marshes water. In Al-Hammar marshes, the concentration of 34As is estimated to be in general below 5 μg/L. The 35Br concentration in various samples collected from Al-Hammar marshes are in the average value =1108 μg/L. The 35Br concentration in various samples collected from Euphrates river are in the average value =676μg/L. The water from Euphrates river is not safe for use for drinking water supply due to high bromine content and the water from the drinking water schemes from the river needs to be monitored for the presence of bromate ions.

A lot of institutions depends at present on the systems database operations and their daily activities, thus providing a means for the maintenance of permanent data can refer to it at any time, as well as to search and to modify the data easily. in this paper to determine the security challenges in the databases, and requirements necessary to address those challenges in the data value to provide security base, and to determine the security rules and know the weaknesses that can be exploited any information in a manner not allowed, when he must protect the database to make sure of the following purposes: confidentiality, integrity and continuity. One of the solutions used in this research to protect databases, and encryption of sensitive data, and adjust the system databases, and updates the database systems and we review some of the ways to address these challenges in the security databases.