Journal of Arabic Language and Literature

Abstract

From this point we refer to fire and its evidences in the stanzas of the ignorant poetry and it is an out point resembles the point that painter depends on his pictures, since it explores at the end the imagination of the ignorant poets for the idea of fire and this imagination would prove that this research refers that the ignorant poet has comprehend the other things of foundation and concluded coral meanings and united ideas explore the mentality of the poet in foundation and dismisses the excludes the specific view of this foundation that he was accused. This made me convinced of writing this research is the view of ancient people to fire from one point of view represented in the relations of Arab theoretically and mythically, so they ignored different points one of them is that they neglected the poetic stanzas and its implications, so they dealt with few stanzas while the modern as I know simply and till now I did not find an independent study dealt with this object .Thus, this study has depended on the specific syllabus which is based and analyzing the stanzas and describing them mainly.
The ignorant poets used fire and its pronunciations in their poetry and its evidences differed with the difference of the objects its names, its users, in the Arabic life before Islam. That\'s why the ignorant poets knew different kinds of fires they used each one for specific use expressing an insistant favour, so fire is the ideal way in this use. Ancient people said that the first one who made the fire in Musdalfa to be seen by someone who goes to Arafa and its one of the fires of Arab, so this fire is the fire of raining, coalition, fire of guards, fire of lion, fire of villages, fire of peace and fire sacrifisation. We conclude that fire and its evidences have represented a point of points of the Arabic religious and mythical beliefs before Islam and after the appearance of Islam specially in Holly Quran after a lot of its holly document in communication and wisdom, so and so from the traditional beginnings that Quran has taken from fire and its evidences in which the poets depended in their experiences so fire reached till the third stage of the stages of poem which is represented in the objects of enthusiasm, pride and another objects the poet planned for them, so this research proves that fire has an artistic and objective significance made the poets to employ in their major objects till the core of their wisdoms, so they borrowed it during the making of the poetic image.

This research studies poetizing from two points of view , each completes the other. the first deals with the theoretical aspect of poetizing , while the second was devoted to the applied aspect of this problem. the first aspect implies four topics : one about critical roots of poetizing and grammar the second is between poetizing and grammar , the third is between poetizing and linguistics , and the fourth studied the psychological aspect. Critics did not studies poetizing as one genre of literary expression through aesthetic concept , except some research about holy quran miracle , without whish , we do not show thing about poetizing In fact , there are some efforts by critics who discussed idea of poetizing. this discussion focused on poetizing relation ship with simile , metaphor and figuration Abdul-qahir those efforts and made them harmonious that.they become representing spirit of arbic criticism. research concluded that poet\'s skill lies in his good use of utterances. It also concluded that secret of genius creative ability , those of psychological diseases.

It is proper for nations to be proud of their scholars and writers, and The Islamic Arab Nation is full of what is being been proud of at all levels. The light of Islam has never been limited in its brightness to the Arab island end to its followers, it was a transitional cultural appearance that had taken humanity out of darkness into light by virtue of its God. Since Islam has borne all these burdens, it must a campaign of its own to bear and diffuse it. There is no area on earth , whether east or west , that is empty of Islam or its scholars, and this is agreat virtue of Allah (Most High); and our sheikh, the subject matter of the study, is but one example; an ideal example that gathers between two basics of the Islamic Arab culture: the basic of science and the basic of literature.

This research is entitled " The problems of poetry in the light of modern Arabic criticism " . It falls into two sections. The first section contains the growth of modern Arabic criticism , and the first attempts in it .
The researcher has dealt with the three trends which throw light on this subject as well as the views of these trends of criticism. Each group exerts his own preservations in this respect and try to take it towards sublimity. The second section comprises the views of modern critics in the field .
The researcher referred to examples of Arabic poetry to support these views. Each of the modern critics gave his opinion with regard to the themes of Arabic poetry taking self-praise as a model with what it can achieve of moral incentives.

This research deals with criticism to the modernist and ancient morphological publications. The modernists tried in their publications to search for a new spbstitutionl programs instead of the morphological program which the Linguists depended on it previously . But these programs do not bring the simple method which let the learner in the universities to digest the subject of morphology . Despite of some of the modernists attempt to introduce critical signs and as existed but they could not produce a simple method . For example the one who studies morphology must know everything about the subject of sound and must not renew the morphological program in a way which does not give the great participations of the ancients or only depending on western linguists . The purpose of morphology is the keep the structure of Arabic language in its all levels .
The researcher introduces propositions developing the morphological program by keeping on the idioms and by collecting them in one aspect between the ancients and modernists

Tharthara Fawqh el Neel is a novel for the great writer Nageeb Mahfoodh. It is a travel in a moving field that runs high one time , and glides in another time , the sailors start gossip rather than holding the masts and oars of the ship, Gossip in Language is to talk and repent with confusion or useless ness, he focused it in particular till it mad apolitical tempest affected the Egyptian regime and the headquarter at that time!
Ff we wonder why MahFoodh’s answer is :- ((….Tharthara Fawqh el Neel appeared at the time of Abdul Naser glory and honor, where the formal media tried hardly to emphasize that the revolution and regime or victorious and have no errors or disadvantage , so tharthara Fawqh el Neel came to refer to a near national disaster that must have a serious consequences, I mean the feeling of lost and non-belongness of which people began to suffer especially amongst the educated people who became isolated , no one give them the chance to work or participate , and they are able to see the right ways the only time they tried to know the right way , they committed a horrible accident in AL- Haram street and run away)) when I red this novel I thought that it had been written during tune setback 5/6/1967, after investigation I know that it had been written a year before that date, its first issue was in 1966, then published as series in AL- Ahram journal , here we must pay attention to . The writer genius who exposed an inner setback to indicate an exterior setback that was obvious for every one

Prof. Dr. Ali Jawad Al-Tahir is regarded as one of the famous figures in literature and criticism in Iraq and Arab Homeland, his interests are broad and various and he can be regarded as one of the encyclopedia writers at the time when there were very few educators who direct their attention and specialization to cultural kind to write about and to be dig nosed with. He says in his definition of the story: (the story is , generally, narration and narration means ,specially, one is telling what he seen , heard and imagined to other people and it is common feature to all human beings anywhere)…
Moreover, the story is one of the literary arts that occupies a distinctive and supreme place in the spirits for the reader's enjoyment and the hearer is given an opportunity to test it, regardless the type of ages, deeds and environments.
As far as Al-Tahir's critical ideology is concerned, there is no extracts , or even an extracts, refer to critical theory for Al-Tahir but in every literary extract, or essay, the reader can find something related to his critical method in literature that links his critical mind to the general one.

Mustafa Abdul Latif AL-Sahrti is considering as one of the most distinguished personalities of the Arabic contemporary literature. He was a pointer of the critical movement through his poetry and deep studies during thirty years.
He wrote many studies in the political weekly magazines, weekly statement, and Appolo magazine, and etc.
In criticism, many of his works were considered as main references for those who write contemporary poetry and literature.
This search tries to submit a remarkable part fo Al-Sahartie's critical study. As a conclusion, the search proved that Al-Saharti has taken part in the field of the Arabic criticism theorizing and implicationally; treated many issues that were points of disagreement for many critics specially the issue of renewal. The search who criticized as a result of wide experience in criticism and intellect .

Nejeeb Mahfooz was cared to his novel's world. He was given a part from his genius, emotions and imagination to his novels what deserve. All of ingredient from novel has portion from his mind and his life. As if he was distributing this life and mind between his plentiful narratives. One of artistic ingredients that he was care to it was the place.
Place was one from artistic tools he was interested in it. For its high importance it had been a title for a number of the mahfooz novels, as (Therthera fouq Al-neel), (Qasr Al-shouq), (Al-sukkrieaa) and (Bain Al-Qasrain). We was choose this last novel as a pattern to study place features and its artistic function.
The place was distribute in (Bain Al-Qasrain) between same street, between the two palaces, the houses, the rooms, the windows, the surfaces, the shops, the schools, the cafes, the mosques, the churches, the bar and the cabaret.
There a narrative linguistic indication for all a place from these places and a contribution in event development and its levels integration. In this study I was look after indication of place between the two palaces and its movement that represented in the lamps and the vehicles noise and wakeful hummings until the down is beginning.
the places of Najeeb Mahfouz novel (bain Al-qasrain) were correlate for the personalities as personality of (Mohammad Abd Al-Jawad ) which moved in story in two ambivalent directions gave to personality pairs stamp between the severity, and godly in the daytime, and the went to pubs and ballrooms in the night. This matter makes the novel a critic for the eastern Arabic personality through coding Semitics for the places and the novelist recitation technique for Najeeb Mahfouz .

This research is a critical reading of a contemporary structural vision, which is submitted to study the Quranic discourse. It is represented in the theoretical introduction to the structural interpretation for Dr. Mahmoud al-Bustani, which lies in five parts. One part represented an introduction to the theoretical basis of this vision.
This vision is based on the “ concept of structure” which is represented, according to Dr. Mahmoud, in the construction on which the Quranic text is based as being a set of ideas and themes that are submitted to special framework in their formation, in terms of cohesion of their parts and coherence of verbal, rhythmic, and figurative elements.
This means that the Quranic text is an artistic unit organized according to a set of themes and styles, and submitted to special framework of coinage, pursuant to the logic training of ideas followed by al- Bustani in his vision. Our reading was based on the following method:
1- Explaining universal conceptions introduced in his vision, which represent a methodological and theoretical introduction to his research.
2- A study in the ingredients of establishing structural study.
3- A study in the levels of Quranic structure.
As for the most important results the research reached, they are as follows:
1- Vision introduced by al-Bustani has roots in the heritage, especially in the science of (coherence), hence we can call coherence research as structural research in our recent technicality.
2- His vision is not characterized by seriousness and innovation as far it is reformation of an old view in way that impart to it an appearance of modernity.
3- The cognitive background was one of the important factors that contributed in producing his vision, though he did not state that.
What can be taken into consideration is that he could apply this vision to the Quranic text.