Journal of University of Babylon

The current research studies (aesthetics of employing abstract shapes in contemporary textile designs), where textile design is one of the creative arts because of its wide spread among societies and their different classes, in addition to what it represents in the double relationship between the need for clothing and beauty, where the designer formulates the natural artistic vocabulary In all its variations and highlighting it on the fabrics, as it is imperative for the fabric designer, for example, to rely on the aesthetic perception that makes the design of fabrics an art with all the principles of art, starting from nature and ending with adaptation to the aesthetic creativity of the abstract artist or others. And since abstraction is the change of reality in different geometric or non-geometric forms, and the thing is stripped of its existence, it calls for looking with an eye that loves excellence and with a spirit filled with art and beauty. The other that connoisseurs of this art and its lovers need.
The research included four chapters; the first chapter dealt with the study's methodological framework represented by the research problem, its importance, and the need for it, whereas the problem was the following question: How are abstract forms used in contemporary fabric designs? The research aims to employ abstract shapes in modern fabric designs as the research deals with the identification of the most important terms. The second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework and indicators, which included two sections first section: abstract art origin and applications, and the second topic: designs printing fabrics. The third chapter dealt with the research procedures represented by the research community, its insight, the research tool, and the analysis of the research sample models. Finally, the research ended with the fourth chapter, which included the results of the study, its conclusions, recommendations, and proposals, and the most prominent effects of the study are:
1- It achieved visual excitement for the design work by adopting 100% abstract methods that showed the visual attraction between the fabric and its recipient.
2- Showing the effectiveness of the forces of change in the formal characteristics of the appearance as a product of the act of reduction technique or change in the movement of the emergence of vocabulary, which was represented by all the models researched, and this change prevents the designer and the recipient of a wide field and a great deal of imagination and sense of aesthetic design.

ISIS's control of the Nineveh community has passed through the following stages
Spite and Exhaustion: It exploited the wrong government policies and extended ISIL's control, with the presence of government forces.
Nineveh within the framework of the Administration of Savage: the years of ISIS's control have led to abnormal practices and produced a bitter reality.
Nineveh in front of empowerment and the alleged succession: in which he carried out his scheme of looting, disintegrating and isolating the community from its national surroundings and declaring his alleged succession.
Nineveh is outside the framework of the empowerment:If ISIS ends militarily, it has not died intellectually.

The current research deals with the folk symbolisms and their representations in the Iraqi theatrical performance. The research sample is limited to the performances in year 2016 which were acted on the National Theatre in Iraq. Besides, the study tackles folk symbolism and its technical treatment in theatrical performance. The research also deals with the development of folk symbolism in the scenographic elements of contemporary directors. The researcher employed the show of the play (Discoveries) directed by (Ghanem Hamid), as an analytical sample for the research, adopting the descriptive approach in analyzing his sample. The researcher came out with a set of results and conclusions, the most prominent of which were:
1- The director/designer benefited from his intellectual references stemming from the depth of his innovative and aesthetic preoccupations to employ folk symbolism in order to present a new technique at the level of audiovisual discourse.
2- The folk symbolism have developed in building complementarity and continuous maturity with each repetition of the theatrical performance, and this derives from the development of the act of theater in harmony with the populist legacies.
3- The visual visions of the folk symbolism stem from the strengthening of the spiritual dimension of the weather through the popular heritage in the references of the anthropological representative.
The chapter also included a number of conclusions, most notably:
1- The cultural symbols, with their ritual dimensions, produce visual connotations in which real visions mix with fictitious and realistic visions to achieve a scenographic climate for the recipient.
2- The contexts and designs of the theatrical presentation technique have varied with different visions and methods that impose anthropological manifestations that have a significant and direct impact on the recipient in the theatrical presentation.
3- The folk symbolism in the theatrical show added an aesthetic aspect to the show by achieving balance and harmony between the other elements.

The aim of the current research is to identify:
1. Alternative aggression among university students.
2.Statistically significant differences in alternative aggression according to "sex - specialization" among university students.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, it was necessary to provide a tool for measuring alternative aggression among university students, so the researcher built the scale according to the theory of Dollard and others. rarely, never) and after verifying the psychometric properties of the research scale and their paragraphs, they were applied to the main research sample of (377) male and female students from the university students who were chosen in a proportional random stratified manner, and after analyzing the data statistically using the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS), the results were produced the following:
University students have (alternative aggression). There are no statistically significant differences among university students according to the gender variable. There are no statistically significant differences according to the specialization variable (humanitarian, scientific). There are no statistically significant differences. By interaction between (gender * specialization).

The aim of the research is to identify emotional divorce, its causes and repercussions on the family and society, in addition to analyzing emotional divorce according to the social conflict perspective. Finally, the conflicting view is that the relations between husband and wife, if they are characterized by tension and bickering, will end in emotional divorce، and there may be complete separation، that is, separation by a court ruling.

This study aimed at exploring the level of death anxiety leading to covid 19 among the elderly residing in the a elderly home and identify the level of death anxiety caused by this pandemic depending on both sex.The study took place in a elderly home in the city of Mascara was chosen intentionally.To achieve the objectives of this work,the researchers designed a questionnaire of death anxiety.The data were processed using statistical analysis package (SPSS).
The study revealed the following results :
-There is a high level of death anxiety caused by covid 19 in the elderly.
-There are statistically significant differences in the level of death anxiety caused by covid 19 due to the sex variable in favor of males.

The current research aims to identify (the effect of the processing card strategy on the collection of Arabic grammar material for first-grade students)، the researcher followed the semi-experimental approach، adopting the experimental design with partial control، which is the design of the control group with a post-test، the research sample consisted of first-class students The first average in Zaid bin Haritha Intermediate School affiliated to the Directorate of Babel Education / Department of Education of Musayyib، and the sample included (70) students. Treatment، and control in the usual way During the period of the experiment، which lasted a full (second) semester of the academic year (2022-2023)، the researcher prepared an achievement test for Arabic grammar topics from the Arabic Language Curriculum book for the first intermediate grade (nominative verb present and accusative verb present and assert The present tense and the five verbs) and it consists of (30) paragraphs of the multiple choice type، and applied to the research sample dimensionalally، and by using the statistical bag (SPSS) in the research procedures and extracting the search result، the researcher concluded that the students of the experimental group who studied with the treatment card strategy outperformed the students The control group who studied in the usual way in the post-test، and in the light of the result، the researcher drew a number of conclusions، and recommended a number of recommendations، including (adopting the treatment card strategy in teaching Arabic grammar for the first intermediate grade)، and the researcher suggested (conducting a similar study in other subjects، And a similar study in other stages to develop similar variables).

In all international conventions and national legislation related to human rights, there are rights that correspond to obligations that a person must abide by and not be considered a violator of them, which necessitates the realization of legal responsibility for this violation, and the right of the child to education is one of the rights enshrined in many international conventions, in addition to its inclusion as a basic right In national constitutions and legislation, and from here it became obligatory for states to fulfill their obligations in accordance with these agreements and bear responsibility for any violation that occurs by violating or infringing on this right. That violation, while other agreements did not indicate the methods of litigation and the mechanisms that require legal accountability, which requires the implementation of general legal measures to guarantee the child’s right to education and accountability for the violation of this right because the violations relate to a human right that may come in times of peace or armed conflict In the absence of a single mechanism specialized in accountability and judicial prosecution, there are many means between judicial and quasi-judicial, which requires determining the nature of the violation, the competent judicial authority, how to account and prosecute, and whether the competent authorities were able to protect this right, so the importance of research appears in the statement of the legal methods through which violations are identified. Which is located on the right to education and the method of legal accounting, and the scientific method based on description and analysis was used in order to absorb all the details of the subject, and the research concluded that, despite the existence of a large number of legal rules, there is a significant violation against this right, which requires the activation of legal obligations The right of states and accountability for this violation in order to deter violations sometimes and put an end to them at other times.

This research is concerned with the study of (displacement in the Arabic theatrical text)، as it includes four chapters. Then the importance of the research was manifested as it studies displacement in the Arabic theatrical text، and then the derivation of a basic goal is to identify displacement in the Arabic theatrical text. The research results reached by the two researchers، conclusions، and a set of recommendations and proposals، and it is proven by sources، references، and appendices.

The current paper, called "The Tale of One Thousand and One Nights in Illustrations of Artist Ekram Amor", is an attempt to study the works of art that the artist has employed in her artistic productions. The folktales are based on intellectual references to the historical tale, and have made them a means of expressing aesthetic visions in her mythology. The researcher sheds light on this phenomenon scientifically and aesthetically. According to the working systems concerned with aesthetically reproducing the artwork, it appears as a self-disclosure of the imaginary ideas and visions in the same artist, so it came to be necessary to study, analyze, and identify them. The research included four chapters dealing with the first chapter: The research problem that was presented and summarized by asking what are the tales of a thousand and one nights in the drawings of artist Ekram Omar? In the light of the question raised, the importance of the current research was determined. The research also included the importance of research and the goal of (defining representations of the tales of one thousand and one nights in the drawings of Ekram Omar). The research also included knowledge of the limits of the research, which was limited to studying paintings that represented tales of one thousand and one nights and analyzing some examples of these works from the Egyptian artist's drawings for the period 2000-2021. The first chapter dealt with the concept of tales (a literary approach) and the second dealt with representations of tales in artist's drawings (Ekram Omar). Then the chapter ended with some indicators of the theoretical framework for research and previous studies. The third chapter concerned the presentation of research procedures and the research community, from which two paintings of the artist were deliberately selected to cover the boundaries of the research Finally, chapter 4, which deals with each of the findings, adopts the principle of self-expression as a direct way of transmitting her aesthetic message, which reveals the diversity of morphology and aesthetics in depicting forms in a self-modernist manner, accompanied by changes in form and coloristic values that lead to different ideas and visions of artists that eventually lead to each having his own production and style of life and art. The researcher concluded that if we read carefully, our ancient literary heritage would lead us to a treasure trove of ideas that could answer dozens of questions that could be posed in our time, in addition to recommendations and suggestions, and a list of sources.

The principle of the independence of the judiciary provides security and tranquility for the judge and performs exactly the same role for the litigant .as people have the right to be assured of the guarantee of the judiciary and that they are before a strong judiciary and that every interference in the work of the judiciary on the part of any of the legislative or executive authorities disturbs the balance of justice and undermines the pillars of governance it is aiso evident that these guarantees are the embodiment of the independence of the judiciary. And therefore they are not intended to protect the person of the judge himself rather. They are mainly intended to ensure his functional independence in order to improve the performance of his job and enable him to face any pressures or influences that he may be exposed to.