Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

Thin films of CdS:Al were prepared previously onto glass substrates by spray pyrolysis teqnique with substrate temperature (6930 k). The thickness of the prepared samples were in the range of (2.0-5.3) micrometer. After ten years the optical properties were studied to know the stability of this films. The absorption coefficient is calculated in the fundamentals absorption region , the direct and indirect energy gaps were calculated as a function of (Al) concentration, which were found to vary from (2.4-2.35) ev in the doping range (0-6) wt. % .

The electrical resistivity survey of the ancient basrah city is carried out. By 6 Traveres extended towards east – north, to west –south. Traverses (E, C, A) extended with long 100 meter, and others (F, D,B) is 80 m.The Wenner Arrangment of electrodes is used and a distance (a) value ranged between (2-6) meter for each traverses. Five contour maps of apparent resistivity values was plotted for all survey points. Then two anomalies are detected, first and second closures are archaeological structures noted as (M), (N). These Closures (M) and (N) extended (1200) and (2500) sequre meter respectivity.The (M) closure began form (0.6m) to (1.4m) of depth, while (n) closure could indicate on other archaeological structure, its depth ranged between (1m) depth to (2.3m).

In this research a study has done on the effect of cutting speed and feed on strain rate and heat
generated during machining in convential up and down milling, with (72 ) cutting operation
defers in its cutting conditions (feed, depth of cut, revolutions, coolant used,..) on medium
carbon steel ,using coolant and without, the cutting speed and feed vary in every cut , to
know the affect of these elements on strain rate and heat generated .
Strain rate and heat generated has been calculated at each cutting operation, the results
showed that milling operation is in the range of intermediate- high strain process, it was
noticed that the effect of cutting speed and feed in linear relation, a fact approved by the
research that increase strain rate too much in case of dry cutting, and also noticed that heat
generated was not high (22ºC) comparing with any other cutting operation, the reason referred
that the high strain rate happens rapidly so its not possible to heat to transfer from the cutting
zone (shear plane ) in addition to the empty stork that the cuter teeth pass exposes it to air
cooling after its relieving the work piece .
The research approved that in dry up milling increasing strain rate in the cutting speeds (7.85-
48 m/min) and feeds (6.8 -21.5 mm/min) with constant temperature approximately and when
using coolant under same conditions, reduce happened in heat generated ( 7º
C) followed by
reducing strain rate .The research approved that in down milling using coolant or dry, strain
rate changed very little, higher strain rate obtained in the feeds (6.8-14.3 mm/rev) but it
became higher, but it reduce if the feeds became higher.

Cryptograph is one of the most important and at the same time of complicated field of
analysis, The wide use of internet over the last ten years give the reason of increasing
requirement of cryptograph techniques for save the security of transmit information in global
network.
The proposed algorithm in this paper offers a strong protection for encoding text files, For the
importance of this subject, we proposed in this research a new algorithm for encoding text
file. The new algorithm is a Symmetric key encryption algorithm , this algorithm depending
on generate a different code for all symbol on the text . In the case of symbol repetition the
code will be different, for this reason the result is difficult to attack without Knowing the
algorithm.
The suggested algorithm using variable key for every symbol in the text and using XOR
function to complete the coding, the length of key is changing from one line to other.

The research introduces a system to recognize the printed Arabic characters ,the system algorithm has been concluded from the modeling of the brain human behaviors .The basis of this system depends on the interpretation of human ability in recognizing and reading the characters in connection with failure in writing them .The design of the suggested system including five principal stages. The first stage reads the printed Arabic documents making use of the HP Scanner Jet which generates TIF (Tagged Image File )file .The second one determing the proper degree of attention for the model operation. The third one processes the effects of input text on activating of some brain components .The fourth one extracts the tops of the characters from the surface of the text document The last divides the whole text into separate characters (segmentation). A number of new ideas and methods are proposed for the purpose of segmentation ,The application of these proposals have given good and satisfactory results ,by which the adopted process of segmentation can be simplified in other well–known methods then ,the segmented characters can be classified depending on the abstracting experience as a result of the previous work .As the well as the system is supplied with the phase of learning according to its supervisor .The present work introduces a design of a system for recognizing the characters is able to overcome the most attributes of Arabic writing .The new direction of this work can be achieved throughout mixing the human behavior in building such systems.

Study of 22 species belong to six genera and three tribes of polygonaceae showed that pollen were medium or small sized and mostly trizonocolporate. Some species contain other types like tetra, penta, hexa pantocolporate. Ora were circle or lolongate. Emex showed the type tribrevicolpate. Pollen shape ranged from oblate spheroidal to prolate spheroidal. Pollen of few species were subprolate. Sexine was nearly equaling to nexine in most species. In Antigonon sexine was twice as nexine. Atraphaxis species were unique in their striate or striatoreticalate ornamentation, while ornamentation was punctate or microreticulate in other genera. Taxonomic key for identifying genera depending on pollen morphology was provided.

An investigation was carried out to study the role of the treatments with calcium chloride solution on storage behaviour of jujube fruits cv.tufahi packed with polyethylene bags (1 kg) and stored at 5±2ºc in refrigerator. Results of study show that jujube fruits cv. tufahi can be stored for 5 weeks at 5±2ºc . In additions, treatment with calcium chloride solution at the concentration of (4%) w/v was superior to other treatments in keeping the content of water of fruits and the total soluble solids, also decrease the loss of organic acids , decay of fruits and their content of vitamin C . General condition of fruits treated with calcium chloride solution (4%) w/v after 5 weeks of storage was v.good in outer appearance and good in test as compared with other treatments , that refers to the role of this treatment in keeping quality of fruits during storage.

The present study included a survey of termite Microcerotermes diversus (Slivestri) infestation at eight different locations in Basrah governorate there areAl-Hartha, Karmmat-Ali, Al-Dair, Abu- Alkhassib, Menawii legam, Yausseifan, Shaat- Alarb & Sufan, The survey also undertaken , seven Date palm cultivars which were Sayer, Khadrawi, Zuhdi, Dairy, Hillaeii, Breim, & Barhee.Results Showed that Al-Hartha Date Palm orchards had the highest infestation percentage & rate which were 74.8% & 10.3 termites/ Date palm base frond, respectively, & the cultivar Dairy was the most susceptible cultivar amongst tested cultivars with infestation percentage & rate 87.5% & 12 termites/ Date palm base frond. Results revealed that the loamy soil texture had an effect on the infestation with Termites, The cultivated date palm in clay and soil had the highest date infestation percentages, While the sand soil had lowest percentages, The result proved there aren't any correlation infestation percentage and rate with the Soil pH, while it were negatively correlated with water lavel(r= -0.587) and(r=-0.45)respectively. Statistical analysis results showed that the infestation percentage & rate correlated positively with soil Salinity & the age of tested date palm trees with an averages (r=0.656) and (r=0.829) respectively.