Kufa Journal of Arts

The city, therefore, constitutes the identity of the city, which has raised many researchers and planning specialists’ interest in the issue of preserving it and its sustainability for future generations by finding mechanisms to implement international and local charters related to preserving the identity of the city and its urban heritage. Our ancient Iraqi cities, especially the cities of the holy shrines, including the ancient city of Najaf, are full of many archaeological and heritage buildings and Islamic architecture that carry values ​​of great importance to the nation’s heritage. It is well known that the restoration and restoration of archaeological and heritage buildings is of great importance, especially since they carry spiritual, artistic, aesthetic, historical and civilizational values. The goal of preserving them is to reveal and protect those values, especially since they are a civilizational and cultural treasure for our cities, because they are the true woman that reflects the civilization and heritage of Iraq over these long years, especially since we are living these days with problems of heritage and identity. Therefore, we must preserve them and show their scientific and civilizational value by finding ways and mechanisms to implement international conventions and legislation that are concerned with preserving the architectural heritage, in addition to combining efforts for urban management of cities and following policies that would preserve their heritage.

Art education in perspective subject, and in order to achieve the research objective, the researchers put forward a null hypothesis stating that there are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average achievement of art education students who were taught the method of drawing projections with colors (experimental group) and the average achievement of art education students who were taught the same subject without colors (control group). The research community was represented by the second-year students in the Department of Art Education, College of Education, University of Kufa, for the academic year (2016-2017), numbering (48) male and female students, where the research sample was selected, numbering (30) male and female students, divided into (15) male and female students for the experimental group and (15) male and female students for the control group, randomly, and for the purpose of equality between the two groups, the researchers adjusted the relevant variables such as gender, teacher, and scientific background. By applying the experiment and using the t-test to compare the two groups, the results showed that the experimental group that studied drawing the third case of the square using the method of transferring projections using colors outperformed their peers in the control group that studied the same subject without color at a significance level of (0.05).

Among them, most of the lands of Iraq are exposed to this phenomenon to varying degrees. The research showed that the Basiya district is exposed to a high degree of wind erosion according to the Chepil equation. This was helped by the nature of the geological formation of the study area, and the presence of sedimentary formations containing sand, clay, silt and gravel from the Triassic sediments contributed to increasing the effect of wind erosion and making it a permanent source of wind feeding with sediments. The flatness of the earth's surface, the scarcity of natural vegetation, the scarcity of rain, the high temperatures, the increased evaporation rate, the increased wind speed that is not less than (3 km/h), and the lack of humidity, in addition to some human activities such as the presence of quarries, random dirt roads and incorrect methods used in agriculture, all of which are suitable conditions for the occurrence of wind erosion that affects the study area and its dryness, which results in an increase in dust density and its failure to maintain its permanent vegetation cover, resulting in the formation of some phenomena such as sand dunes and then their impact on residential areas and service facilities and causing some respiratory diseases for the residents of the study area, in addition to threatening agricultural lands. The burial of cultivated plants and the susceptibility of areas affected by wind erosion, which varies spatially, were estimated based on the equation proposed by (Shiyatyi) and their spatial distribution.

And that he must be patient and tolerant; because the outcome of things in the final analysis is good, so the starting point of the entire surah is based on the logic of giving the Messenger good tidings, calming him down, and promising him victory, but it included some words that those who doubt the infallibility of the Noble Prophet relied on to support their opinion, and if the meanings of the words in the context of the verbal discourse sometimes express a binding, relational meaning that is understood from it as solidarity, then these consequential meanings can be used to base the accusation of the Noble Messenger that he is a sinner and that God Almighty has removed from him the burden that he bore as a result of the sins he committed in his past, and the task of the research in this position is to refute those claims based on the language of the text itself, and what it contains of meanings.

The structural one serves the study of the text, its analysis and reaching its rhetorical subtleties. Grammatical meaning is the meaning that is obtained through the grammatical relationships between words, each of which takes a specific position in the sentence according to the laws of the language. The Qur’anic discourse is full of the secrets of existence, the sources of knowledge and the sum of all of this is a miraculous linguistic discourse that is captivating in the manner of performance and its spiritual and luminous radiance and the sum of this also is the manifestations of meaning and the magnificence of expression. Surat An-Nisa in particular is full of legislative rulings that regulate the internal and external affairs of Muslims as well as talking about important matters related to women, home and family. In this research, the sentences of Surat An-Nisa were studied in terms of meaning. The verbal sentence was the most prevalent in Surat An-Nisa, and the percentage of the verbal sentence increased in the topics that talk about the external organization, i.e. the confrontation of Muslims with Jews, polytheists and hypocrites. The nominal sentence was second after the verbal sentence and mostly indicated the confirmation and stability of the sublime attributes of generosity, forgiveness, honor and mercy, all of which belong to Allah, for He is the Savior and the Refuge, and to Him is the best return. The conditional sentence occupied the third place, and because the condition occurs to oblige the occurrence of an event or its commitment, it was mentioned extensively in the topics of inheritance and determining the shares of the heirs according to the accompanying conditions. The circumstantial sentence is very few compared to the size of the Surah and was absent in most of the topics of the Surah that was concerned with cleansing society from within and without from the sediments of ignorance that are deeply rooted in its roots. The method I followed in the research was descriptive and analytical to describe the structural aspect and analyze its relationship to meaning, and I used the statistical method as I counted the sentences in all the topics of the Noble Surah.

In the poems of contemporary poets widely, and since Imamate is considered the main difference between Shiites and other Islamic sects, its reflection in the poet's poetry may express the poet's belief and his belonging to the office of the Ahl al-Bayt. However, we cannot classify the belief of these poets at one level. In this research, we tried to analyze the meaning of Imamate in the poems of contemporary poets and how they understand this concept, adopting the descriptive analytical approach, and we used Quranic verses and hadiths for that. We reached the following results: The level of understanding of contemporary poets of the concept of Imamate differs, and this is related to the extent of each poet's knowledge of this concept. Based on this, it becomes clear that Shiite belief has several levels, on the basis of which we can classify contemporary poets according to what is stated in their poetic texts. The understanding of contemporary poets of the concept of Imamate has been distributed into ten levels, which we will detail in the folds of this research.

Najaf, and the study included showing the correlation between hydrological and morphometric variables, and the study area is located within the lower valleys and stones area of ​​the stable region, not twisted between latitudes (00 22 31 - 45 58 31) north and longitudes (00 17 43 - 00 12 44) east, and its area is estimated at (822.18) km2, and it is located administratively west of Najaf Governorate between the Al-Rahimi and Al-Malih basins, and the research included the correlation between morphometric and hydrological variables in the Abu Khamsa basin west of Najaf) and included three models, the first depends on Gatton's equations to measure the concentration and deceleration time, flow speed, and maximum flow value of floods, flow volume, ideal rainfall duration, base time for floods, period of gradual rise and decline, and flow duration in the basin, and the second uses the method (SCS-CN) By finding the curve number (CN) and (Number Curve) describing the vegetation cover and hydrological soils and calculating the maximum potential after the flow process (S) and using the losses of rainwater before the start of the flow (La) and estimating the amount of flow and determining ((Q and (QV) the depth and volume of the surface runoff in the study area, and the third between the statistical analysis of the relationship between the hydrological and morphometric variables

Across generations, the Arabs of Khuzestan province have spoken the language of Dad in Iran as their own people. When we talk about the characteristics of the Ahwazi Arabic dialect, this does not mean that it does not exist in other dialects, as they share many characteristics with the dialects of eastern Arabia, such as Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, the eastern region of Saudi Arabia, and others. Anyone who contemplates the Ahwazi Arabic dialect will find that it has phonetic, grammatical, and morphological characteristics that may differ slightly from those of other classical styles. The Ahwazi style shares many morphological and grammatical characteristics with classical Arabic, and it also differs from it in many morphological and grammatical characteristics, and it is distinguished by its absorption of many foreign words and its digestion, as classical Arabic did. To be more objective in our study, we will limit ourselves to studying the Ahwazi Arabic dialect and leave the classical style aside for others to discuss. The Ahwazi style carries many of the characteristics of the classical language, which we will explain below. It has undergone many developments, the factors of which have varied and multiplied, and it has been exposed to changes in sounds, words, and structures. We say: The language, according to what modern linguistics has determined, consists of the sounds that make up words and single words or words and structures.

The concept has been successfully applied in the fields of behavioral sciences, social sciences, political sciences and communication sciences, its application in the field of curricula has also become common. In this approach, the “synergy curriculum” was formed. This conceptual formulation refers to a type of lesson planning that has covered the curriculum more broadly than ever before. The “synergy curriculum” provides the ability to involve teaching staff as curricular elements, thus going beyond the traditional meaning of curriculum. This new image of the curriculum is explained, focusing on its application to primary school. The approach used in this study is qualitative and synthesized as research. The statistical population of this research includes all books, articles and research in the field of synergy in curricula and education. The results of this analysis, then combined, formed a conceptual framework in the field of synergy-centered curricula that, given the importance of primary school, emphasized the potential for emancipation, self-realization and social resilience.

Contemporary, and its contribution to the stability of societies and countries. The study was divided into three sections. The first section dealt with the content of the peaceful transfer of power, the second section presented the Islamic concept of the transfer of power, and the third section studied the accountability of rulers and the possibility of their removal according to the Islamic approach. The study methodology in this research relied on the foundations of the scientific approach based on the use of scientifically credible sources, and the objective treatment of opinions and reaching scientific conclusions and results.

Imam Sadiq (PBUH) was born many years before her birth. Upon entering the holy city of Qom, the holy city of Qom was honored and she built the sea of ​​knowledge in this city. She was the treasure of knowledge, piety and infallibility. Her grandfather announced her birth and the father of the honorable medal “May her father sacrifice himself for her” and the brother gave a famous visit to her. Arabic texts, especially poetry in previous literary periods, indicate that Arabic literature is empty of describing this personality. Considering that Persian literature is rich in praising and describing this honorable lady, perhaps the reason for the absence of Arabic poetry is that the presence of the shrine of the honorable pure lady of the Household of the Prophet in Iran has led to the neglect of Arabic writers regarding this lady. Therefore, one of the factors that affect the identification of personalities and the literary interest in them is the environment in which they are located. In other words, wherever personalities are, the literature of that language is the place for other languages ​​and will be descriptive of them. Fortunately, in contemporary Arabic poetry, more attention is paid to this topic, and various poems have been written, albeit limited, describing, praising and mourning this honorable lady. In medicine

Not convinced of cooperating with British colonialism, as it conflicted with Iraq's interests in difficult international circumstances, the major powers were the ones who decided the course of events and determined their outcomes. As various facts show, the political parties were not prepared to compromise Iraq's interests, and some were maneuvering for that purpose. The political forces also emerged in the field of national and nationalist issues raised in the research scope paragraph, which included the authorization of parties and participation in power - in addition to nationalist issues - especially those related to the Palestinian issue or the Nile Valley. This was embodied in their political behavior more after the years of the Second World War and Iraq's position on it.

The cultural aspect represents the main concern of the pioneers of enlightenment in the country that went through that critical stage of its history. The transformations of the transitional stage from a traditional situation to a modern one aroused great interest among those pioneering thinkers, which made them ignite their ideas in search of future visions for the new society. They presented to their societies advanced ideas about the reality of society in the development stage, and about the nature of the new social relations. They drew with their thought the future of society in the transformation stage, and determined the features of the new social contract required by that stage, and worked to find a kind of harmony between the social and cultural heritage and what was acquired in the transitional stage to the modern state, arriving at the creation of a hybrid social-cultural system that achieves the desired communication in the movement of modern society during the nineteenth century. We will discuss the subject of the intellectual renaissance in two figures: Fukuzawa Yukichi from Japan and Sheikh Muhammad Abduh from Egypt. They are two figures who are opposite from a social perspective and different from a political perspective. Therefore, we will study them in a comparative study in three sections in order to identify the points of convergence and difference in the political and social fields during the second half of the nineteenth century AD.

May God bless him and his family, the first of the two Qiblahs and the third of the two Holy Mosques. Jerusalem has received the attention of Arab poets, in all Arab countries, even in the diaspora, as poets composed the most beautiful poems in praise of it, defending it, and affirming the hope for its salvation from the harm of the Zionist aggression. Most of the poems carried common meanings, the most prominent of which are: exposing the ferocity of the Zionist enemy in inflicting harm on the Arab people in Palestine and occupying the land. Depicting the tragedies of the Arab people in Palestine and the massacres, displacement, and occupation of their land that have befallen them. Glorifying heroism and praising the martyrs and depicting the steadfastness of the people on the land and their adherence to it. Exposing the falsehood of Zionism, condemning its aggression and exposing its methods in its false claims, and pointing to the arrival of the Zionists from the corners of the earth to establish an entity. Denouncing the Arabs’ failure to work to liberate Jerusalem and defend Palestine and calling for their unity. Condemning some Arab rulers for their failure to defend the right, and praising others for their dedication to saving Jerusalem and defending the Arab people in Palestine. Awareness that the right will not be restored except by force and the struggle of the people, glorifying the acts of sacrifice and popular uprisings, and hoping for an uprising of the entire Arab people in all their countries to work to achieve the salvation of Jerusalem.

In his style or through his linguistic structures in the literary text. Narcissism (self-love) is one of the psychological phenomena that we see in the conscience of every human being and is considered one of his most important innate tendencies. Since this phenomenon is frequently repeated in Nizar Qabbani's love poetry, this research sought to address it using the descriptive-analytical approach and relying on the stylistic perspective. The main goal of writing this research, in addition to identifying narcissistic patterns, is to reveal Nizar's style in expressing honorific meanings. The results indicate that Nizar used the repetition style and nominal sentences whose predicate was a source defined by Al for exaggerated restriction. Also, the use of the pronoun "I" and its frequency in Nizar's love poetry led to proving the poet's arrogance and narcissism. The poet's love affair was one of the most important stylistic stimuli that indicate the peak of his narcissism, as the frequency of this technique, which is deviant from the love poetry style, made it a stylistic sample.

Quranic verses, vocabulary and concepts are the prevailing topics in this field. One of the most wonderful things that literary criticism addresses is studying the influence of poets on other texts in their literature. Attar's poetry has many textual and effective implications with Quranic verses, narratives and other texts, which makes it a subject that can be studied in the field of intertextuality. In this descriptive and analytical study, we study the textual interaction of Attar al-Nishaburi's poems with vocabulary, structures, concepts and contents of Quranic verses and narratives within the framework of allusive, textual and verbal intertextuality. What we have reached is that the interaction of Attar's poetry with Quranic verses and narratives has the highest resonance in the field of allusive and verbal intertextuality.

In two ways, the formative and the legislative. By studying the Quran, this becomes clear to us. From the Quranic point of view, the guidance of man is a divine law and has been referred to. Also, Allah the Almighty in the Holy Quran allows people to enjoy guidance. Allah considers it impossible to guide man without revelation. In this regard, the inability of idolaters and polytheists to guide man has been pointed out, and also the inability of the Prophet () to guide the misguided is indicated in the lack of God’s will on this guidance. This article discusses the obstacles to human guidance such as Satan, lack of knowledge, sin, negligence, ignorance, etc. and the examples of those who prevent guidance such as: oppressors, hypocrites, extravagant, liars, disbelievers, polytheists, etc. from the Quranic point of view.

No one can reach the desired home except under his care, and only the mystics, with his guidance, attain the station of perfection. And the people of taste uncover in their works, both composed and prose, a veil of status, outward character, conduct and the ambition of the sheikhs. Al-Attar al-Nishaburi is a poet and mystic who draws his vision of the necessity of the sheikh and abandoning worldly attachments for the sake of conduct and behavior. This image is reflected in his collection of poems. Al-Attar believes that conduct without the guidance of the sheikh is a random matter and does not reach a goal. The poet continues to define the character of the sheikh with various words such as “the sheikh, the cupbearer, the trickster” and the sacred names of prophets such as: “Jesus, Khidr, the Messenger of God.” This Sheikh appears in a directed face and a Sufi robe with a rag, always sitting in front of the prayer rug in the mosque. The perfumer confirms the hypocrisy of this Sheikh, sometimes sitting in the ruins and other times drinking wine with the afflicted, even if it was a cause of disgrace and bad name, but the Sheikh is an honorable person who has left the material attachments and depression resulting from private Sufism and distanced himself from his selfishness and became a radiance of the attributes of God Almighty. This article, through the method of revealing poetic evidence, deals with clarifying and explaining the faces of the Sheikhs in Sufi thought to the summit of mystical poetry.

Many cultural and linguistic ties; The Ghaznavid invasion caused the Persian language to enter India and with the formation of Islamic governments in India and the choice of Persian as the official language, there was a need to learn this language. Since learning a second language requires dictionaries, glossaries and grammar, many works have been written in these fields. The factors influencing the development of the Persian language were the migration of Iranian writers and poets to the subcontinent and the Ottoman Empire. In addition to cultural and religious factors, political power, the support of Islamic princes and the expansion of Iranian Sufism in India, they increased the need to learn Persian and Sufi terms. The long-term survival of the language on the continent and its impact on Indian dialects. Persian was prevalent in the Indian subcontinent until the fall of Babrian, with the influence of the East India Company, and lost its prosperity. In this research, the historical process of Persian lexicography in the Indian continent, especially the second stage of the dictionary "Bahr-e-Ajam", the dictionary of the sources of Muhammad Hussein Qadri, famous for Ragum, was analyzed in terms of structure, features and defects.

Comparison of the moral teachings of the Holy Quran in Alchemy of Happiness and Explanation of Medicine of Hearts. Ethics is an important part of teaching literature in Persian literature. In Persian, such works as Alchemy of Happiness and Medicine of Hearts have been created with the theme of educational literature, full of moral teachings. When examining some of the moral virtues and vices of these two books, we find that the moral teachings of these two works are influenced by the Quran. Ghazali and Naqshbandi in their works will present their moral messages to humanity. The modern man, who is in control and deterred from falling into the corruption of the past, needs it more than ever. Therefore, the need of the contemporary world for ethics is crucial for the emergence of current moral corruption. Accordingly, by realizing the moral virtues and vices of these two books, they can be seen in their worldview and contemplated in their thoughts in order to know ethics and introduce their moral messages in order to apply them in life. The individual and social way to save humanity from ruin and corruption in the current world, the author has analyzed the descriptive and analytical approach using the library method in this article in the form of a scientific research.

The issue of the creation of the universe and the world group in its absolute sense. The Qur’an studies the ultimate destiny of the creation of man and even the universe with a profound vision, and has determined a specific purpose for creation. Because the creation of this great world, as well as the creation of the great humanity, cannot be without purpose and in vain. The purpose of the creation of existence in its essence requires a judgment, with material considerations, it requires it and leads us towards the knowledge of the true God, as a result of perfection and achievement, and leads to it. Among the effects and signs of man’s faith and belief in the wisdom of the world of creation from the Qur’anic point of view are: faith, worship, piety, guidance, gratitude, repentance, victory and success, and so on.

This is the period of rule of the government of Brazilian President João Goulart, known as “Django”. This policy did not go beyond the framework of the containment strategy that the American administration adopted as an approach to its foreign policy during the Cold War. This policy began when the United States of America saw that President Goulart, who was a moderate socialist, was a person who could be dealt with or at least whose influence on its interests in Chile could be limited. This is why we see it bless his assumption of power and provide him with financial and economic assistance to support his reform program. However, this policy quickly changed and gradually turned into a desire to follow the mechanism of the counter-revolution (military coup) one year after he assumed power when he refused to comply with its orders and implement its will. It put political and economic pressure on him, then threatened to abandon the financial support it had promised him when he assumed power, before deciding to support the Yemeni opposition and collude with the bourgeois forces of capitalists and army leaders to overthrow the government, and this is what happened in 1964.

External where the communication is inferred by the reader or listener. It is therefore called referential. The reference places the referred text in a new context in which it acquires new meanings and connotations. However, it is impossible to encode the nature of all the new meanings and textual patterns that the reference produces. In the US presidential debates, politicians tend to employ this phenomenon extensively because they want to make the statements more persuasive in the context in which they occur. This work aims to propose a model to analyze this phenomenon in the Hillary/Trump debates from a practical perspective and to mention the main strategies used in this regard.

Consideration of other semiotic modes than language, in interaction with each other and with language - such as gesture, gaze, dress, visual and auditory arts, pictorial text. Relationship, page layout, etc. This has increased the need to study language in interaction with other modes. Therefore, there has been a focus on multimodality in an attempt to show that the investigation of representational modes other than language is essential and central to actual forms of communication everywhere, and not just a kind of marginal interest. Accordingly, in this endeavor, the interaction between modes, specifically language and gesture, is studied to provide an answer to the main questions on which this research is based, whether meaning can be interpreted by analyzing only one semiotic mode or whether there is a need to investigate other modes. accompanying modes. Another question concerns the distribution of semiotic work among the modes involved within the same multimodal text, whether it is equal or not.

Existentialist ideology. Existentialists, led by the French existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, call on man to think and act freely to create creativity to change all social concepts that have pushed society into isolation. He encourages the search for freedom and a return to the human soul, transcending all the restrictions and barriers that existed before and that hindered the individual's progress in life. While freedom gives man the opportunity to overcome all his limits as well as his past. This meaningless past forces the individual into isolation in his society, and these isolated behaviors indicate the nothingness and emptiness that the individual feels towards himself. Sartre focused on proving that human existence exists only through the actions of individuals, and these actions depend on the individual's freedom to determine his existence and thus his essence. In his first novel, Nausea

The position of enunciation of discourse requires the assumption of a speaker or listener whose primary goal is to influence the second, which in this case makes it a form of ideology that provides it with the ability to impose power and domination, as Foucault believes. Discourse is a function of power, an ideological practice, and the superior ability to formulate laws and frame speakers within a framework of a network of commands, prohibitions, customs, and values. The research, through the descriptive approach, wanted to address the authoritarian discourse in some verses of the Holy Quran. It showed the extent of the relationship between the formulation of the discourse and ideology and the extent of the impact of social, cultural, authoritarian and political phenomena in the formation and crystallization of the discourse, especially in Pharaoh’s critical authoritarian discourses. The research also concluded that the position of utterance is what gave the discourse influence and authority and made Pharaoh utter the logic of divinity and consider the ego as absolute authority, which transformed the position of utterance or its horizon into an arena of confrontation with anyone who might usurp the freedom of the ego or cancel it or marginalize its role. The matter did not stop at this, but the authority created its discourse with Pharaoh and then its ideology, and this is what allows the ego (Pharaoh) to create his discourse and ideology in relation to other discourses, as he considered himself the supreme god. Since there is no authority without another opposing ideology, the latter was represented in the discourses of Moses and the magicians (the believers) as an expression of the will of a certain power in contrast to the will of another power. We must not forget that this is due to the change in the meaning of words according to the difference in ideologies and positions, as the intended meaning of the god Religion and corruption are different for Moses and Pharaoh.