Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences (KUJAS)

The research aims to determine the level of farmer application techniques in the cultivation of tomato crop
in the Sharqat district, Also to determine the level of application in the following Agricultural operation (choice
seeds, Soil preparation and fitness, Time and method of agriculture, Crop service, The lrrigation and Fertilizing,
Agriculture pest control, Maturity and harvest, Marketing an storge), As well as to find out correlation between
the level of application and following variable (Age, Education level,Years of experience). Then to find out a
suggestion, Problems of the respondents. A search includes all uncovered tomato farmers in right side of Sharaqat district,
those enrolled in the Sharaqat Agriculture Dept., the 250 farms, 30 were expelled because the used a sample survey We
took a random sample 50% Thus, the number of respondents is 110. We use of questionnaire to obtain data, which
includes four pars; the first a data about farms tomato Crop, second measurement to determine the level application
consists of 33 Experimental term farms; The third is about the suggestions, fourth about, problems to develop process in
the cultivation of the crop from view point of farmers. Then, we sure of the validity via, tes reliability, Retail midterm way
we get stability bringing stability coefficient is (0.91). There for statistical data are classified in several ways as range,
person correlation coefficient another, The correlation coefficient ranks of sperman and others. The results showed that the
application of modern Agriculture techniques is low to (10) term and (9) term is average tend to rise, and (7) term without
adopting, a there are different levels in the Agriculture process term. The results also showed that the application of the
marketing and storage is low to all four term level.in addition to significant correlation with variable that is studied finally
researcher that suggest – distribution of High seeds, it is top of suggestion while problem doesn’t provide fuel for
irrigation pump is the first among problems . Based on the results we have some suggestion conclusions and
recommendations

This study was conducted in the poultry field - Animal Resources Department - College of Agriculture
and Forestry - University of Mosul, for13 weeks (91days) from the 4th of December 2013 to the 3rd of
March 2014. The objective of the study was to evaluate effects of partial replacement of nigella sativa
meal instead of soybean meal in ration and its reflection on productive performance and some
physiological characters of quails. Four hundred and thirty two , one day old unsexed quils were reared
normally .the study divided to two stages .the 1st the period from seven day old until the age of sexual
maturity (42) days .Birds randomly distributed into 4 treatments (9 replicates, 12 birds each). The
experimental treatments were as follows :Treatment 1 control Treatments 2,3,4 were replacement
10,20,30 % of nigella sativa meal instead of soybean meal in ration respectively .Statistical analysis of
data for the first stage showed that treatment 4 (replacement of 30% nigella sativa meal instead of
soybean meal in ration) causes a significant decrease in live body weight , weight gain and in feed
conversion ratio ,triglyceride , packed cell volume , mortality percentage . No significant effect in relative
weight of edible organs ,dressing percentage , weight of carcass cuts and blood biochemical parameters
(glucose , total protein , albumin) . Stage two (the period from 8 – 13 weeks) the results showed no
significant differences in egg production percentage , egg weight ,feed conversion ratio , fertility and
hatching percentage , egg quality characters .Significant increase in feed consumption ,yolk index , yolk
weight for treatment 4 as compared with other treatments .

This study was conducted in the poultry field of Animal Resources Department - College of Agriculture
and Forestry - University of Mosul, for the period from 13/2/2014 until 24/5/2014. It aimed to study the
effect of adding crushed ginger plant tubers with two levels (0.25% and 0.50%) and Nigella sativa two with
levels also (1% and 2%) to ration quail and compare it with the treatment of control and antibiotic-treatment
of (Colistin-600) (in some physiological and productive features and microbial intestines content in local
Quail bird . It also studied their effects on birds’ health during the stress coefficient’s recipe (heterophills /
lymphocytes). In this study 420 of local QUAIL of age 14 days were used. The birds were divided into four
transactions, 105 birds for each treatment with three replicates (35 birds for each repeater). They were treated
for 7 weeks, starting from the second week of the age of the bird. Results showed a significant different for
the treatment of ginger 0.05% for the number of bacteria Lactobacillus which were the highest in number.
With regard to the numbers of E.coli and Salmonella bacteria, the treatment of ginger 0.50% was superior
significantly as less than number . Excelled Ginger transactions 0.25%, Ginger 0.50% for the age of access to
50% of the egg production. for a density of egg position on the basis of H.D% and the status of the average
number of eggs/female within two weeks and the status of eggs’ mass (Gm /Female/day) the superior in favor
was the ginger 0.50%. Also all the treatments were exceeded significantly on the control treatment for the
rate (heterophills / lymphocytes) .

This experiment was carried out in a private nursery located at Baquba city - Diyala
governorate during the period from 15-12-2014 until 1-11-2016 on two years old mahali orange
and lemon seedlings budded on sour orange rootstock to study the effect of spraying Thiamine
and growth promoters (yeast and Ascorbic acid) on many growth characteristics of these
seedlings .A factorial experiment RCBD were used included two factors (Thiamine at 25mgL-1 ,
and growth promoters (yeast at 2.5 , 5 g L-1 , and Ascorbic acid at 200 , 400 mg L -1) as well as
untreated control .Results showed that Thiamine treatment gave the highest increase in the stem
length, diameter and number of leaves during both seasons .Growth promoters spray treatments
gave a significant increase over the control in all growth parameters studied. Lemon seedlings
have the highest increase in stem length, diameter and number of leaves compared with orange
seedlings, whereas orange seedlings gave the highest value for leaf area.

This study was carried out in the Malta nursery- Dohuk forests and rangelands directorate - Dohuk city, from 15th Mar 2015 to 1st July 2016 to investigation the effect of different levels of
altitude (500 m in Malta nursery of Dohuk forests and rangelands directorate and 1000 m in
Bagerat village in Zawita District) above mean sea level(AMSL) and nitrogen fertilization (0 ,
400 , 600) kg.hectar-1 on some vegetative and flowering parameters and essential oil percentage
of lavender Lavandula angustifolia Mill.. Results showed that increase the altitude from 500m to
1000m led to significantly decreased in the plant high, branches number, length of inflorescence,
number of inflorescence and inflorescence dry weight. While the levels of nitrogen fertilizer
caused a significant affected in most traits, especially at level of 600 kg.ha-1 which significantly
increased the plant high, branches number, length of inflorescence and significantly decreasing
in the length of inflorescence, inflorescence dry weight and volatile oil percentage.

This study was conducted in the grape orchard of Agricultural Research Center-Ainkawa - Erbil.
The similar grapevines were selected in growth force, which were brought up in a lunar way and were
planted on lines (2m between the vines and 4m between the lines) and from north to south. To study the
effect of three levels of pruning (let 8 canes. vine-1) the first level 6 eyes. cane-1, second level 8 eyes. cane
1 and third level 10 eyes. cane-1, of add humic acid in three concentrations (0, 4.5 and 9 g.vine-1), and
spraying with Gibberellic acid with two concentrations (0 and 50 mg.l-1) in the mineral content of the
leaves and berries of seedless Bea–Denk cultivar. Using the randomized complete block design (RCBD)
with three replicates. The results showed that pruning level (let 8 eyes.cane-1) led to increase the nitrogin
and pottasium percentage and iron content in leaves, however, increased the content of berries of iron and
zinc, while reduced leaves content of zinc and the phosphorus percentage. While, concerning of the
humic acid the results showed that 9 g.vine-1 humic acids caused to increase the nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium percentage in the leaves compared to the comparison treatment, so that reduced the zinc
content of the leaves. On other hand, the spraying with 50 mg.l-1 of Gibberellic acid led to non-significant
increase in all the studied elements in the leaves and berries with the exception of the amount of zinc in
the berries.

This Study was conducted at the experiment Farm of Horticulture and landscape design Dep.-
College of Agriculture and Forestry-Mosul University, during spring seasons of 2013 and 2014, to study
and evaluate the response of two snap beans cultivars (Strike and Brinco), to seed sowing rates (100 and
150 kg. ha. -1) and four types of organic and chemical fertilizers: Rotten sheep manure، chicken
manufactured poultry manure (ltalpollina), chemical fertilizer(NPK)، and added the previous chemical
fertilizer added as zinc sulphate (ZnSo4) (NPKZN) at. by side dressing at sowing, in addition foliar
application of chelated zinc sulphate during flowering and bens sets in order to study their effects on the
quality of dry seeds. Effects of studied factors on the yield traits، revealed that a significant effect from
Strike c.v. plants over plants produced from Brinco c.v. in pod per plant, pod mean weight, number of
seeds per pod (in 2nd season), weight of 100 seed, seeds yield per plant, total seeds yield per he. in the
both season. The plants produced by application of sowing rate (100 kg.ha. -1) was significantly superior
in traits of pod number per plant, number of seeds per pod and weight of 100 seed in both season، pod
mean weight, total seeds yield per he. in the 2nd. season. Plants feeded with added zinc to the chemical
fertilizer had significantly effects in characters of weight of 100 seeds, seeds yield per plant, total seeds
yield in both season and number of pods per plant in 2nd. season. The results of the both season indicted
that Strike variety planted with sowing rate 100 Kg.ha.-1 And fertilized with chemical fertilizer added
with zinc produced the highest dry seeds yield

This Study was conducted at the experiment Farm of Horticulture and landscape design Dep.- College of
Agriculture and Forestry - Mosul University, during spring seasons of 2013 and 2014, to study and evaluate
the response of two snap beans varities Strike and Brinco , to seed sowing rates 100 and 150 kg . ha .-1 and
four types of organic and chemical fertilizers : Rotten sheep manure 60 m3 /ha., chicken manufactured poultry
manure ltalpollina 100 kg / 1000 m2 , chemical fertilizer as recommended by the Iraqi Agriculture Ministry 60
kg Urea , 260 kg super phosphet . ha.-1 120 kg potassium sulphate . ha.-1 added after complete planting and
72 Urea . ha-1 after a month from the first addition) the previous chemical fertilizer added as zinc sulphate
(ZnSo4) at 90.9 kg . ha.-1 by side dressing at sowing , in addition foliar application of chelated zinc sulphate at
50 mg.l-1 which added in two periods during flowering and bens sets in order to study their effects on the
vegetative growth , quantity and quality in dry seeds . Evaluation of producted seeds in the 1st. season and their
content of nitrate was done, which had been sownd in the 2nd. Varities and sowing rate exhibited significant
effects in the percentages of the nitrogen, phosphors, potassium, protein and total carbohydrates of produced
seeds. Seeds content produced from Strike var. was significantly superior in this trait over seeds content
produced from Brinco var. and seeds content produced from to sowing rate 100 kg.ha.-1 was significantly
better than seeds content produced from sowing rate 150 kg.ha.-1 in both season . Application of fertilizer by
adding with zinc revealed a significant increase in the seed content of nitrogen, protein in both season, but
showed a significant effect in the to percentage phosphors & carbohydrates in 1st. season. There is no
significant effects in the percentage potassium in both season by adding fertilizer. Whereas, the triple
intraction between studied factors (varities, sowing rates, adding fertilizer) showed non-significant effect in
content of seed total zinc. The nitrate content did not significantly effect of the content pod produced from
seed in the 1st. season and sownd in the 2nd. season.

This study was implemented in the Horticultural Field, College of Agric. & forestry, Mosul Univ., Iraq, during
the growth seasons (2012/2013, 2013/2014) to study the effect of humic acid and some seaweed extracts on some
yield of dry seeds traits of two pea cultivars (Mezza Rama & Little Marvel). The study compromised 10 treatments
(the control, adding H.A. to the soil at conc. (2gm.l-1), spraying seaweed extracts Algaren and ALG 6000 at conc.
(2ml.l-1) for each one, spraying a mixture of the two extract at conc. (1. 5ml.l-1. Algaren + 1. 5ml.l-1. ALG 6000) in
the two mentioned cultivars. Humic acid was added in three doses (before sowing, after30and 60 days from sowing),
whereas seaweed extracts were sprayed three times after (40,95,125) days from sowing. The experimental design
was Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications. The obtained results indicated that: The significant
superiority of all fertilization treatments upon the control treatment in most traits of seeds yield. The humic acid
treatment registered the best performance in the yield and its components which had a significant surpassing in most
traits over Algarea and ALG6000 treatments, also was superior on the mixture of the two extracts in traits (less no.of
days for ripening the 1st. pod in the 1st. season , no. of seeds pod-1in both growing seasons , seed yield of plant &
hectar during the two seasons).On the other hand . the mixture treatment gave better results in the yield traits than
application of each extract alone. The results exhibited that Mezza Rama cv. was superior over Little Marvel cv. in
the mostdry seeds yield characters as in (pod's length & weight, weight of 100 seed in both seasons, no. of seeds
pod-1, seeds yield plant-1 and hectar-1 in the two seasons). Interaction treatments between adding H.A. to the soil and
spraying a mixture of the two extracts with the cultivar Mezza Rama cv.. in addition to the interaction treatment
between H.A. with Little Marvel cv. had a significant increase in most yield traits.

This study was carried out in the Malta nursery- Dohuk forests and rangelands
directorate - Dohuk city, from 15th Mar 2015 to 1st July 2016 to investigate the effect of
Irrigation level (100, 80, 60) % and Fe concentrations (0, 75 and 150) mg.L-1 on the growth and
essential oil percentage of lavender plant Lavendula angustifolia Mil. The results were show
that: decreasing the Irrigation level (increased water stress) gave significantly decreasing in the
plant high, Plant growth index, Vegetative dry weight and number of inflorescence and
significantly increased in the Volatile oil percentage. While increased the concentration of the
Iron to 75 mg.l-1 gave significantly increased in plant high, Plant growth index, whereas
spraying Fe at a concentration of 150 mg.l-1 caused a significantly increased in branches
number, Vegetative dry weight, length of flower stem, number of inflorescence and Volatile oil
percentage. The interaction between the factors significantly affected on all studied parameters.

Tow field experiments were conducted during the spring season of 2016 and 2017 in the field of experiments near the
Deanship of the College of Agriculture, University of Diyala in order to understand some effects and physiological adaptations
agoinest drought. The split-split plot design was designed in the order of the RCBD three replicates. The moisture were the main
plots, zinc concentration sub –plots and the concentrations of the selenium is sub-plots factors as follows: three periods of
irrigation after (25%, 50% and 75%) of available water. The spray of three levels of zinc is (0, 20and 40) mg Zn. L-1 and four
levels of selenium (0, 2, 4and 6) mg Se. L-1. Sun flower was planted and the results indicated: The Average of transpiration and
Relative water content in the leaves showed an opposite behavior of the Selenocysteine concentration in the grains and
Tocopherol concentration, Ascorbic acid concentration in the leaves as the soil moisture content decreased, the average of
transpiration and Relative water content decreased while the concentration of other characteristics increased. The concentration
of Tocopherol, Ascorbic acid and Relative water content in the increased with the use of the third level of zinc 40 mg. L-1.
compared to control with a significant increase by 89.3%, 33.5% and 5.6% respectively. The added level 6 mg Se. L-1 of
selenium has exceeded on other levels of Selenocysteine concentration and concentration of Ascorbic acid in plant leaves, while
the level 4 mg Se. L-1exceeds other levels of Tocopherol in leaves and Relative water content , while control of Se. has exceeded
other levels of average of transpiration in plant leaves. The overlap (W3 + 40 mg Zn. L-1 + 4 mg Se. L-1) exceeded the other
concentration of concentration Tocophero in plant leaves and Relative water content while the overlap (W3 + 40 mgZn. L-1+6
mgSe. L-1) exceeded the other concentrations of Ascorbic acid in leaves.The superiority of the average of transpiration in the
plant was in favor of overlap (W1 + 40 mg Zn L-1+ 4 mg Se. L-1) on the other levels.

The study included five sites from the Nineveh and Dohuk governorates in northern Iraq. These
sites were selected depending on the difference in the rainfall lines, starting in Al Khuder area, southeast
of Mosul, Tel-Osquf area in northern Mosul, Sumail area north-west of Duhok, Zawita area northeast of
Duhok, and finally Batofa area east of Zakho. A total of 5 soil profiles were excavated (one profile for
each site). Twenty-five soil samples were collected from these sites. The results showed that iron oxides
calculated as(Fe2O3) for the soil samples were less concentrated in the Al-Khuder soil (2,998%) and the
highest concentrations were found in the Batofa soil (6,056%). Infrared spectroscopy technique was
highly efficient in the diagnosis of a low concentrations of iron oxides. Infrared absorption beams were
used for laboratory-synthesised oxides and their mixtures as standard absorption beams and for the
diagnosis of iron oxides found in studied soils. Absorption bands of stander hematite at frequencies (890,
801and 527cm-1) and a band overlapping with Freihydrite at 1353 cm -1. Goethite showed several
absorption bandsbetween the frequencies of 3136 cm -1, 1423 cm -1, 878 cm -1, 794 cm -1 and the
absorpton band at the frequency of 624 cm -1. While fryhydrite showed a very strong infrared absorption
band at 1345 cm -1,, plus two bands at792 cm -1, 834 cm -1 and a weak absorption band at 1633 cm -1 with
an overlapping bands with hematite at 536 cm -1 The studied soils were varied in their behavior toward
infrared absorption bands, differed in their effect on the absorption of the three studied iron oxides
(hematite, ferihydite and goethite)

There are many station of Wastewater Treatment Plants in kirkuk Governorate and in spite of
that, the executed Wastewater plants suffer from many problems resulted from less efficiency in
operating and following up the working of plants. Therfore in this Research the evaluation of
efficiency of treatment and the quality of the final flow of wastewater for three treatment plants
in kirkuk city, one of them works by activated sludge system and another two plants work by
sequencing batch reactors. The labratory tests conducted for eight months starting from july
2016 till february 2017, for chemistry properties such as (PH), dissolved oxygen(DO)، biology
oxygen demand (BOD5) ,chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS) and
concerning each of Sulfates(SO4), phosphate(PO4), Nitrate (NO3).The results of this study show
to unusable of outlet water from these plants as human drinking and limited irrigation due to the
overrun of the concentration of some parameters the international iraqe permissible rany, The
stations efficincy were rather good in reducing contaminations values.

This study was conducted in a forest of Nineveh, located in the left side of the city of Mosul, at the intersection of
latitude 36° 20' 24" north and longitude 43° 7' 48" to the east. The total studied area was 2509 acres in order to assess the
management urban forest of the Nineveh depending on Supervised Classification for the satellite image using Erdas
imagine 9.1 program for the Nineveh Forest and around of the USA satellite Land sat and sensor thematic mapper
improved ETM + with a spatial accuracy 14,25 meters. The results out of classification were all of the buildings, roads,
trees, conifers trees, broad-leaved, vegetation, water, empty terrains, building looked very clear and appeared white and
river colored in blue as well as we were able to see wooded areas, which appeared green, and empty terrains in brown and
covered with grass and herbal which appeared in cyan and the paved roads marked in red. The results of the satellite image
showed that the highest percentage of cover in Nineveh and around was the forest and reached 28.38% while the river rate
was 16.68%, followed by the class of the tourist use which was 11.90%, and then followed by roads their approaches
amounted to be 10.88% empty terrains rate was 8.74% and 7.01% for islands, followed by the farmlands to be 5.69% and
residential land was 4.47%, followed by buildings to be 0.71% and finally Al-kharraze stream of the studied area
accounted for 0.40%. Noting the result, it was found that the tourist class was the most encroachment on forest area and
tourism is still going on encroachment on the original forest area, followed by the roads, and their approaches that took up
of the forest area. As for the forest trees of Nineveh forest, the results indicated that Eucalyptus was the largest forest area
and was the highest in the coverage ratio, which amounted to be 70.97%, while the Casuarina was the lowest among the
trees of the forest area and was the least in the coverage ratio, which amounted to be 0.36%. The results showed that the
overall accuracy of the classification satellite imagery amounted to be 6.94%, while the overall error of classification
accounted for 5.4% only and this means that it was accurate to rely on the satellite imagery in classification.

A field experiment was conducted in research station and agricultural experiments-College
of agriculture/Kirkuk University during the spring season of 2017 to study effect of the varieties
and nitrogen levels in growth characters and yield of mungbean. The experiment included two
varieties of mungbean (green gram & black gram) and six levels of nitrogen (40 , 60 , 80 , 100 ,
120 and 140 kg N ha-1). The experiment were designed as a randomized complete block design
(RCBD) with three replicates. The green gram gave the highest rate of No. of pods/plant, No. of
seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight and seed yield, while black gram recorded the highest rate of plant
height, No. of leaves/plant, leaf area, biological yield and protein percentage. The level 120 kg N
ha-1 gave highest rate of characters No. of pods/plant, No. of seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, seed
yield and protein percentage. While level 140 kg N ha-1 gave the highest rate of plant height, No.
of leaves/plant, leaf area, biological and protein percentage. The interaction between green gram
with level 120 kg N ha-1 gave the highest rate of No. of pods/plant, No. of seeds/pod and seed
yield.

This study included using of defatted meal from some oilseeds obtained after oil
extraction, including sunflower, flax and safflower seeds and study some of its functional
characteristics. The results showed that water absorption of sunflower defatted meal amounted to
4.20 ml/g followed by flax and safflower 3.75, 1.92 ml/g, respectively. The defatted sunflower
was showed a highest ability to absorb fat 2.6 mg, compared with the defatted flax meal 2.5 ml/g
and defatted safflower meal 2.1 ml/g, respectively. Emulsifying activity and stability was
showed that the highest activity was for defatted sunflower meal 66.75%, followed by defatted
safflower meal and defatted flax meal 58.33% and 52.94 %, respectively, while distinguishing
defatted safflower meal had the highest stability of the emulsion compared with defatted
sunflower meal and defatted flax meal 52.70 %, 40.00% and 33.50%, respectively. The foaming
capacity and stability at different values of pH included 4, 5, 6 and 7, showed that the foaming
capacity were the lowest at pH (4) 20.00, 18.33, 16.56%, while the highest value was at pH (7)
which it was 30.00, 25.75, 25.70 % for defatted flax meal, sunflower, and safflower meal,
respectively. While it was observed a decrease in the foam stability for all samples with the
increase in time from 0.0 to 2.0 hours, noting the high stability for all samples at pH 7 and fall
with lower pH which was (4). The results of the measurement of the viscosity were 2.00, 1.35,
1.25 Melli Boys of defatted flax, sunflower and safflower meal respectively.

Different studies have shown great interest in Imidacloprid pesticide toxicity in terms of
its destructive and harmful effects on honeybees Apis mellifera behavior without causing any
physiological change in the pharyngeal gland and the midgut tissue, which is the main aim of
this study. The newly emerging bees were fed on a sugar solution containing the Imidacloprid
pesticide at a concentration of (2 mg / kg to ppm) and protein food at a concentration of 3mg/L.
It was found that the pesticide harmfully affected the growth and development of pharyngeal
gland of the bees workers, which appeared smaller and their lobes far apart compared with the
pharyngeal gland of the non- treated bees when the bees have been dissected and examined
under light microscope at the age of 9 and 14 days. The negative effect of the pesticide was
limited in the midgut onlyfew hours aftersugar solution feeding and some parts of the tissue were
affected, but the insect rapidly regenerated and compensated the damaged tissue. The negative
impact of the insecticide correlated to the increasing hours of exposure until bees become
incapable to compensate the affected cells. As a result, the bees lose their ability to feed
properly, leading to starvation and finally to death. The rate of death in bees was approximately
60% after 14 days in both feeding cases.

A field experiment of the 2017 agricultural season was carried out usingthe RCBD by three replicates the first
factor tested the bio-fertilization using Azotobacter Chroococum, Bacillus Megatherium, Bacillus Circulars,
consisting of eight levels (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8) with three levels of mineral fertilizer (NPK)
were added as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, with no addition of mineral fertilizers and (F2)
A complete recommendation of the samurai that included 40 kg p2o5 / e in a triple superphosphate and 40 k
(42% K) and added at planting and 50 kg N / e urea added on two halves at planting and the other half after
one month of cultivation in the growth and yield of maize plant CADZ Spanish. The results showed a
significant significant effect when adding bio-fertilizers with mineral fertilizers in all studied field attributes.
The highest rate of plant height and the number of leaves swallowed (286.2 cm and 16.53 sheets) at T8F2
compared to the comparison treatment in Yaeji site. And the highest rate (9338.1 and 8347.6 cm2) for the
Yaeji and Lillan sites respectively. In the chlorophyll ratio, the T8F2 treatment was significantly higher than
the mean (57.36 and 55.21%) for Yagi and Lillan respectively.