Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

Refractive –Index Structure Coefficient c_µ^2 behavior derived between horizontal points over at Baghded city was studied during the days containing different weather conditions where we used a horizontal relation to calculate c_µ^2 between two points where we considered the first point Al-Mustansiyah university and the second point Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismic Monitoring (IMOSM). This provided us with data from the automatic weather station installed mounted near (ASB) the height of 4m and the second station was set at a height of 2m. The data recorded were pressure and temperature where we calculated the relationship between the different rates of temperature and distance between the two stations where the distance is 20 km. For the heat of C_(T )^(2 )which when finding its value, the value of C_(µ.)^2 and the period was several days represented by a group of atmospheric phenomena and these days are rainy and foggy and clear sky data taken by what was available from measurement at the station. A relationship was found between C_(µ.)^2. With time and also with temperature and atmospheric pressure and difference in temperature for each hour.

The aim of this research is to know the relationship between surface soil moisture with real evaporation in Iraq during the 30 years period (1985-2014) in eight different stations (Mosul, Sulaimaniya, Tikrit, Baghdad, Rutba, Kut, Nukhayib, and Basrah) through the use of performance data to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and take advantage of the simple linear regression and the regression test and Spearman rho. The research shows Monthly and annual averages of real evaporation and surface soil moisture and the strong relationship is directly proportional to the evaporation and surface soil moisture and there is high correlation in the stations (Basrah, Kut, Nukhayib, and Rutba) while there is a medium correlation in the stations (Baghdad and Tikrit) and there's a low correlation in the stations (Sulaymaniya and Mosul).

Stachys babylonica (Lamiaceae). A new species from the mountainous, Kurdistan Iraq, is described and illustrated. Its distinguishing characters are discussed. It is distinguished from the closely related species S. kotschyi by having elliptic-rhombic (vs. ovate or oval- elliptic) leaves, (30-35 x 10-16 mm) (vs. 25-47 x 14-21mm), lower leaves petioles longer ± 16mm (vs. C.7mm), the median leaves petiole ± 7mm (vs. subsessile – sessile), calyx is narrowly tubular appressed (vs. infundibular – campanulate ± spreading), bracteoles are well developed as long as or longer than calyx (vs. shorter than calyx or absent), teeth of calyx are narrowly lanceolate (vs. broadly lanceolate and spreading). This new species to science is represented only by two specimens: the holotype & the isotype #12125.Specimen #12125 has been mistakenly identified as S. tomentosa Rech.f. by Rechinger [1]. Rechinger used only morphological characters in his identification. To clear the ambiguity, Pollen grain study was done and the results of this study were tabulated in Hamodie's work [2] .Specimen #50059 mentioned by Al –Zubaedy [3] as collected by Ali Halob in 2010 from Piera Magron Mt. was also mistakenly identified as S.babylonica. The consideration of specimens belong to S. kotschyi Boiss. as S. babylonica Hamodie & Wilcock made errors on conclusions by Al-Zubaedy [3] on molecular & P.G and morphological studies and reconsideration on these issues are needed. All the indicators so far gathered, approve that plants of this new species were most likely vanished from Piera Magron Mt. in Sulaimaniya sometime after 1948.

Diabetic patients have more outcomes of urinary tract infection than non diabetes, mortality of urinary tract infection (UTI) is 5 times higher in patients with diabetes old age, the incidence of urinary tract infection in pregnant women is slightly higher than non pregnant women, urinary tract infection in pregnant women either as a symptomatic bacteriiuria or symptomatic infection, which is more complication during pregnancy this present study was done in March 2016 to July 2016, the patients were females, total samples of 80 patient of pregnant and non pregnant with diabetes mellitus, selected from medical and general surgical wards, the samples were sending to teaching laboratories from the same hospital, the present study show that the incidence of UTI at non pregnant diabetic women occur at age (9-11) years (45%), the most common causative agents of UTI in diabetic pregnant females is Esherichia coli 20(50%), the results of microscopical examination of urine of pregnant with diabetes mellitus of urine of pregnant with diabetes mellitus revealed that (43), pyuria and (28) had crystals, and the result of microscopical examination of urine of non pregnant females with diabetes mellitus revealed that the common causative agent is Esherichia coli 3(30%), (9) had pyuria and (4) had crystals.

Regeneration is a process of tissue repairing in the body, and according to this process the cells of the body are divided into three types; labile, stable and permanent cells. Objectives: The aims of this study are to evaluate the ability of two herbal seed oils (Eruca sativa and Raphanus sativus) to enhance regeneration and repair in the liver and kidney in the irradiated mice. And to investigate which herbal oil is more effective. Method: Four groups of mice were used in this study. The first three groups were exposed to radiation while the fourth was used as a control. After irradiation the first and second groups were treated with local Eruca sativa and Raphanus sativus oils respectively. While the third group used as a control. Then histopathological investigation was done. Results: Histopathological examination in irradiated groups exhibited that both seed oils could induce regeneration in both hepatic and renal tissues but the activity of Raphanus sativus oil was more effective than Eruca sativa especially in renal tissue. Meanwhile, poor regeneration process appeared in the third group (control). Conclusion: Both local herbal oils had ability to enhance regeneration in the examined tissues but R. sativus seed oil exerted more activity than E. sativa seed oil.

An extensive survey of fungi associated with post-harvest carrot degradation in different parts of the Baghdad market. samples were collected from three different regions of Adhamiya, Kadhimiya and Sadiyah . Five fungal species, such as , Aspergillus nige, Altinaria radicina, Sclerotinia sclerotorum, Geotrichum candidum and Rhizoctonia carotae, which isolated from the decayed samples. In this context, Altinaria radicina showed the highest frequency of 23.3%. Both Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Aspergillus nige, Geotrichum candidum at 20% While Rhizoctonia carotae showed the lower frequency at 16.7%. Pathogenic exam showed that all isolated fungi were pathogenic to host roots Storage. However, Aspergillus nige was found to be more pathogenic to carrots resulting in a rapid disintegration of infected roots by 90%during the incubation period. While Alternaria radicina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, was 80% followed by Geotrichum candidum 75% and Rhizoctonia carotae less than 70% .

B cells clonal expansion (producing abnormal amounts of immunoglobulins) reflect conditions causes a group of disorders called monoclonal gammopathies. They may be appearing as a range of diseases that consist of multiple myelomas (MM). The aim of this research is to use quantify and identify monoclonal gammopathy by serum immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE) beside the serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) assay as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of suspected multiple myeloma cases. Serum samples were collected from 94 patients with MM, and 30 persons as control, SPEP and SIFE were used for both groups. M band determined and evaluated of M protein by the Hellabio instruments. The results of this study showed significant elevation (p<0.001) in the group of patients with MM compared to control as follows: 49 (52.13%) for IgG kappa, 23 (24.46%) for IgG lambda, 10 (10.63%) for IgA kappa, 4 (4.25%) for IgA lambda, 6 (6.38%) for IgM kappa, and 2 (2.12%) for IgG monoclonal gammopathy. SPEP ought to be proposed as the original test for the establishing of doubted cases of multiple myeloma. IFE is the gold mark now and ought to be performed to certify the existence of an M-protein and to diagnostic its light chain and heavy chain isotype, which also leads to increase the sensitivity of diagnosis in suspected multiple myeloma cases by using SIFE beside the SPEP assay and utilized for detection and quantification of monoclonal gammopathy.

prepared of compound (A) 4.4ʹ-bis-[4-methayl benzyliden]-phenylendiamine-(1,4). and (B) 4.4ʹ-bis-[4-bromo benzyliden]- phenylendiamine-(1,4). Then a binary system D was created with concentration (0-100%) and found less eutectic point at concentration (60%). This was taken concentration from binary system pure D and measurements of a microscopy polarized and permittivity and conductivity. After taking a mixture pure and has been doping by graphene oxide (GO) too the same measurements observed the increase remarkable properties of graphene oxide (GO) in LC mixtures dispersions.

This study was aimed to determine the in vitro effects of four newly synthesized sulfonamide derivatives(Sulfacetamid ,Sulfanilamid, sulfadiazine, sulphamethoxazole)on human serum peroxidase activity in patients with thalassemia compared to healthy subjects.Total protein,the peroxidase activity was increased non – significantly(p≥ 0.0001) and the specific activity of the enzyme was increased significantly(p≤ 0.0001) in the sera of patients with thalassemia compared to healthy subjects and the results revealed that all used compoundscaused (moderate to good) inhibitory effecton the peroxidase activity and the highest inhibition percent were obtained at (0.18 gm/ml from Sulphacetamide ,0.01gm/ml from Sulphamethaxazole,0.05gm/ml from Sulphadizine and 0.02gm/mlfrom Sulphamide).This study also determined the kinetic parameters (Km,Ki, Vmax and Vmax i) at different concentrations from substrate and each inhibitor under the same conditions by using Lineweaver-Burk equation and the results indicated that the level of Km was not affected by adding the inhibitor to the enzyme reaction and equal to the level of Ki while the levels of Vmax were decreased when the reaction of enzyme include the inhibitor.Finally the type of inhibition was found as non-competitive inhibion to the all used sulfonamide derivatives,this type of inhibition is characterized by its effect on the maximum velocity and is obtained when the inhibitor and the substratewere linked to different sites at enzyme .

In this research work, the nanoparticles of aluminum oxide were synthesized by two ways. The first way is the biological by using (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria with a rate diameter (102.35) nm. The second way is the electrochemical with a rate diameter (62) nm. These nanoparticles were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray diffraction technique (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanninig Electron Microscopy (SEM). Alumina nanoparticles are thermodynamically stable particles over a wide temperature range . The biological activity of these nanoparticles toward different species of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ) and (Pseudo monas) has been investigated. The results stated that the nanoparticles prepared by chemical way was more effective on the inhibition of bacteria than the nanoparticles prepared by biological way.

In this study we reports the preparation and characterization of ligand [L1] [2,5-bis(4-butoxy phenyl) -1,3,4- oxadiazole in four steps. First from (4-hydroxy benzoic acid) treated with solution of potassium hydroxide and normal bromo alkane (RBr) R=[(CH3(CH2)3] to prepared precursor [ H1] 4-( butyloxy) benzoic acid. The second step have been prepared the precursor [H2]4-( butyloxy) benzoate from compound [H1] in methanolic acidic solution with drops of H2SO4 . The third step prepared the precursor [H3] 4-(n-butoxy) benzo hydrazide by the reaction [H2] and hydrazine hydrate(90%). The last step reaction between precursor [H1] and [H3] in present of POCls to obtained ligand [L1]. The primary ligand [L1] was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectraFT-IR,1H-NMR,13C-NMR,Termal Gravimetric analysis (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Mass spectroscopy and elemental microanalysis (C-H-N) and melting point .The secondary ligand benzyl (propane-2-yl) carbamodithioate (S-bpth) was prepared according to the litreture (13). The Ag(L1) complex was prepared from 2 mole of L1 and one mole of AgNO3 in CH2Cl2 solvent at inert condition. The complexes Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were synthesized from the two mole of primary ligand(L1 ) and one mole secondary ligand (S-bpth) with one m mole of metal chloride in ethanol medium and characterized comprehensively by Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR), (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N) metal analysis, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the inhibitory potency of ethanol extracts of Aloe vera plant on Acetylcholinesterase AchE and Monoamine Oxidase MAO enzymes activities in vitro .Enzyme kinetic studies using ( Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk equations ) were used to establish the type of inhibition. The Aloe vera extract showed a significantly higher percentage of inhibition. The activity observed in this study tends to validate some of the traditional claims of using Aloe vera as a functional food, and used as a treatment for many diseases that are related to the nervous system and it has no side effects such as some medications.

In this paper, the fire color feature is analysis and test on a set of color spaces (RGB, HSV, YCbCr, Lab, Yiq) to account the hue component and determination the best color space to represent the properties of fire and used in fire detection to increase accuracy and reduce the detection time and false alarms,four common types of fire (wood, cork, cloth, paper or cardboard ) were used to compare them with an image containing all the basic colors and analyze them and calculating Scale factor that depending on the histogram for hues value.

The increasing interest of medical institutes in the development of imaging services to include the hybrid system [Positron Emission Tomography combined with Computed Tomography(PET/CT)], this system is acquiring explosive growth due to its ability to accurately detect and stage many types of cancer and follow the progress of treatments. An increasing demand for use of (18F-FDG PET) in oncology has been the main reason for its growth. The physical characteristics of positron emissions result in higher radiation risk for staff and growing use of PET/CT for diagnostic purposes increase radiation exposure. The objective of this study was to estimate the radiation exposure to the medical physicists, technicians and nurses working in three Egyptian nuclear medicine institutes under our investigations, based on the whole body collective dose measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and the effective dose per study received by medical staff were measured by electronic pocked dosimeters and the finger doses by ring dosimeter during a period of six months. The (mean± SD) dose measured per PET/CT procedure were (2.45±0.137, 3.22±0.218 and 1.69±0.11) μSv for the medical physicist, technician and nurse respectively. The (mean± SD) dose measured per MBq of 18F-FDG were (7.35±0.43, 9.73±0.66 and 5.13±0.33) nSv/MBq for the medical physicist, technician and nurse respectively. The (mean± SD) finger dose measured per 18F-FDGPET/CT scans were (179.9±24.94, 8.82±2.912 and 24.15±4.164) μSv for the medical physicist, technician and nurse respectively.

Modern sensor systems have complex sensor assemblies with performance depending on variety of factors. An algorithm presented in this work to provide accurate image rendering in the optical spectral ranges of IR imaging systems. From the images output notice that in long wavelength bandwidth of IR (8-12) µm the image was more clarity without noise. This mean S/N ratio and the Efficiency of detector is bigger than band (1-3) µm. Recommend that this method can be used to improve the performance of the thermal detector which uses in thermal imaging system in any package of wavelength. This algorithm can be store as a code in the cart storage of IR imaging system.

The alpha-radioactive inert gas Radon exhalation is associated with presence of Radium and its ultimate precursor uranium in the earth crust. Uranium decay deposits radon in soil, which is harmful on human and environment. The exposure of population to high concentration of alpha radioactivity mainly of Radon for a long period leads to lung cancer. The radon activity concentrations, radium contents, radon exhalation rates in twenty one soil samples collected from Bartella region, were measured using the sealed-can technique based on the CR-39 SSNTDs. In the present paper the estimated values for radon activity concentration in air space are in the range 323.2-2424 Bq/m3 with mean value of 1212.7 Bq/m3, the radon concentration in soil sample are 31.66-237.46 KBq/m3 with mean value of 118.83 KBq/m3, the radium contents were found vary between 1.36-10.24 Bq/Kg with mean value 5.11 Bq/Kg, the radon mass exhalation rate vary between 10.34-77.56 mBq/Kg/hr with mean 38.81 mBq/Kg/hr, the radon surface exhalation rate are between 234.2-1756.4 mBq/m2/hr with mean value of 878.6 mBq/m2/hr. All values of the samples under the test are below of permissible values 370 Bq/Kg of radium content and 57600 mBq/m2/hr radon exhalation, recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Hence the area under investigation is safe as for as health hazards of radium and safe in radiological risks due to radon exposure from the soil.

In this research a mathematical approximation for modeling a PCFs is derived. The effective refractive index neff of the clad region obtained by this relation will be used to study the properties of the PCFs such as normalized frequency, effective area, group velocity dispersion and the nonlinear coefficient. All these properties are studied when the holes of the PCFs are filled with air ,or with any material like chloroform. The merit of our mathematical approximation is that, neff can be easily and directly calculated, then the dispersion profile can be controlled by fine manipulating the (d/Λ) of circular or elliptical air holes in PCF cladding. The results show good agreement with published works. The MATLAB 2010 program is used in this study, which is the most successful program to get appropriate diagrams and results.

We reported in this work the growth of ZnSe nanoparticles thin films deposited on glass substrates were synthesized by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The as obtained films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the transformation the cubic phase of ZnSe nanoparticles into hexagonal phase by increase the laser fluence from (4.77-5.97) J/cm2. The particle size variations were achieved by varying the laser fluence of prepared films. XRD studies and TEM images confirmed the nanometer size was found to lie in the range of 12-80 nm. A UV-VIS study was carried out to measure the band gap of the ZnSe nanoparicles thin films and it showed a blue shift with respect to the bulk value. The PL spectra at room temperature (300K) of the films showed the decrease of maximum values at at 522 nm( 2.379), 521 nm (2.3838) and 520 nm (2.3882 eV) for the laser fluence (4.77, 5.57 and 5.97 J/cm2), respectively. We assigned the variation due a larger number of non-radiative recombination centers appears in the films.

This work included preparation five groups polymeric composites. From matrix of polymer blend (Epoxy (EP) 80% + unsaturated polyester (UPE) 20%) with( Nano ZnO) with weight fraction (2%,4%,6%,8%) of zinc oxide (ZnO), with weight fraction (5%,10%,15%,20%), also sand material in three different grain size (53,63,74) μm respectively with weight fraction (5%,10%,15%,20% ) and by employing hand lay-up method. First group (G1: nano ZnO): consists of four samples prepared from reinforcing blend (80%EP/20%UPE) with (ZnO powder) in the same above weight fraction. Second group (G2: powder ZnO): consists of four samples prepared from reinforcing Blend (80%EP/20%UPE with (powder ZnO) in the same above weight fraction. Third group (G3: powder Sand) and fourth group (G4: powder Sand) and fifth group (G5: powder Sand) in the same weight fraction. It was found that the reinforcement of the above materials leads to an improvement in mechanical properties and impact resistance of composite materials in normal conditions.

For different amount of masses of TiO2 nanoparticles in dye solution, absorption and Fluorescence profiles of the suspension for TiO2 nanoparticles with Fluorescein (F) in distilled water solution, has been explored. An absorption spectra enhancement were detected for changed amount of masses, which specifies that the doping with TiO2 nanoparticles has a major effect on the dye absorption spectra. Contrarily, all fluorescence emission spectra for the dye, were quenched as TiO2 nanoparticles amount of masses increases because of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET).

Annealing thermal plays an important role on the formation of high Tc-phase BiPbSrCaCuZnO through expansion and contraction layers which be associated with formation high and low phases respectively, The prepared samples composition BiPbSrCaCuZnO have been annealed at (820,840,860,880) C°. It is observed the critical temperature Tc increase for films which annealed at (820,840,880) C°while Tc decreases at Ta =860 C°.